Using computed tomography, we measured the tracheas of 100 subjects younger than 20 yr of age. The 10 youngest were sleeping. The other 90 were awake, and most were measured near total lung capacity. Tracheal length, mean anteroposterior diameter, mean transverse diameter, mean cross-sectional area, and contained volume were plotted against body height for all 100 subjects. The relationships of these dimensions to body height were derived for the 90 subjects examined awake. The resulting regressions had r values of 0.88 to 0.92. The exponents for height were 1.22 to 1.37 for the linear dimensions, 2.58 for area, and 3.80 for volume. We found no differences between the sexes. Variability in diameters and area along individual tracheas was small, especially after early childhood. Such variability as occurred tended to preserve shape slightly more than size. This constancy allows accurate prediction of tracheal area from either tracheal diameter.

John O'Connor (everyone called him Jack) was born in Boston on February 2, 1931.At age 4, he contracted poliomyelitis, then known as infantile paralysis; it left him with permanent, near-total paralysis of his left arm and shoulder.He grew up in Dedham, in the Boston suburbs; he spent almost the whole of his life in and around Boston and Cape Cod.In 1959, he married Anne Walsh.Their exceptionally happy marriage led to two daughters and four surviving sons, including one pediatric radiologist and one pediatrician.His medical career was largely spent at the Boston City Hospital and Boston University School of Medicine, where for 21 years he was associate dean for admissions; at one time, he was responsible for the admission of more than half the living graduates of that medical school.Late in life, he developed chronic congestive heart failure and an uncharacterized neurological illness.He died peacefully at his home on Cape Cod, surrounded by friends and relatives, on March 1, 2012.

An infant with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease was recently encountered whose radiographs seemed to show enhancement of pericardium, peritoneal mesothelium and body wall fascial planes without enhancement of the liver or spleen after very large doses of intravenous contrast. Although patterns of postcontrast enhancement have been described previously, this pattern seems to be unique. We report the unusual postcontrast opacification pattern and speculate about its underlying mechanism.

As young radiologists read the slightly self-satisfied articles celebrating the centennial of radiology, they may conclude that the course of radiology and all its components has been smoothly upward, without hesitations, false starts, or disappointments. Older radiologists know better, The replacement of a less satisfactory technique with a better one is a gain for both patients and physicians, but the replacement process itself can be distressing, Much of what radiology residents learned in the 1950s and 1960s is no longer of any use, Who now employs pneumoencephalography or intravenous cholangiography? Entire books were once written about these procedures [1, 2]. Who can now credit the reliance once placed on positive-contrast maxillary antrography [3]? Few have even heard of eustachian tubography [4], Radiologists who tried to make a career using those techniques learned to their sorrow that although anatomy is permanent and diseases change only slowly, techniques are often ephemeral, Total body opacification, a technique once of consuming interest to the present writers [5-7], is an illustration of this.

HomeRadiologyVol. 192, No. 3 PreviousNext ArticlesJohn A. Kirkpatrick, Jr, MD1926-1994N. THORNE GRISCOMN. THORNE GRISCOMN. THORNE GRISCOMPublished Online:Sep 1 1994https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.192.3.878-bMoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In Article HistoryPublished in print: Sept 1994 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 192, No. 3 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

CT measurement of the tracheal lumen in children and adolescents.N T GriscomAudio Available | Share

In an effort to establish normal values for both investigational and patient care purposes, computed tomography was used to determine the length, diameters, cross‐sectional area, and volume of the tracheas of 34 children up to the age of 6 years. The measurements were taken when patients were asleep or resting quietly during tidal breathing, at perhaps 30–60% of total lung capacity. The results were related to body height (in infancy, to body length). There was virtually no difference between boys and girls. Each mean diameter correlated well with mean cross‐sectional area. Tracheal diameters and area were reasonably constant over the length of individual tracheas. The slopes of the functions relating height to tracheal dimensions in these 34 infants and young children were slightly less steep than those previously measured near total lung capacity in 90 older children and adolescents.

Torsion of normal uterine adnexa before menarche: CT appearanceRD Bellah and NT GriscomAudio Available | Share

HomeRadiologyVol. 166, No. 3 PreviousNext ArticlesEdward B. D. Neuhauser, M.D1908-1987N. THORNE GRISCOMN. THORNE GRISCOMN. THORNE GRISCOMPublished Online:Mar 1 1988https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.166.3.907MoreSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookXLinked In Article HistoryPublished in print: Mar 1988 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByThe foundation and early meetings of the Society for Pediatric RadiologyN. T.Griscom1995 | Pediatric Radiology, Vol. 25, No. 8Recommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. 166, No. 3 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

The possibility of tracheal enlargement in older patients with cystic fibrosis was investigated by examining chest radiographs of 42 living adults (age range, 30-45 years) who had the disease and by performing postmortem studies (anatomic and histologic) on the tracheas of older adolescents and young adults (age range, 15-33 years) who died with the disease. Anteroposterior tracheal diameters were enlarged in 41 of the living adults. The average diameter was 1.3 +/- 0.9 SD standard deviations above the mean for normal subjects. These increases did not correlate with severity of pulmonary disease as judged radiographically. Enlargement seemed to have developed slowly, over many years or decades. A few tracheas were grossly irregular in outline. One patient had a severely increased transverse diameter of 4.7 standard deviations above the normal mean. The average transverse diameter was 0.3 +/- 1.1 SD standard deviations above the normal mean. The tracheas of adults and older adolescents who had died with cystic fibrosis were abnormally flaccid. Some collapsed suddenly during deflation. Microscopic examination showed instances of severe inflammation, focal epithelial metaplasia, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucous glands, degenerative changes in the muscle of the pars membranacea, and death of cartilage cells. The structural changes shown histologically and the many decades of frequent, vigorous coughing may be important in the enlargement of these tracheas and their flaccidity.

The CT demonstration of milk of calcium occurring in hydronephrosis is described in four patients each of whom had a urinary-enteric diversion because of paraplegia. In each case CT showed a fluid-fluid interface of urine over milk of calcium in a dilated urinary collecting system. This condition cannot be definitively diagnosed from enhanced scans since a contrast-urine level may have a similar appearance. The incidence of milk-of-calcium hydronephrosis may be underestimated, as the density of the milk of calcium is often insufficient for the condition to be detected by plain radiography.