Актуальність. Стаття присвячена тактиці хірургічного лікування постраждалих з ушкодженням периферичних нервів унаслідок вогнепальних поліструктурних поранень верхньої кінцівки. Визначено, що особливістю вогнепальних ушкоджень нервів є нерівномірність ураження в різних ділянках або на декількох рівнях у різних анатомічних ділянках, що диктує персоніфіковані підходи до лікування. Метою дослідження було удосконалення хірургічної тактики лікування поранених з ушкодженням периферичних нервів унаслідок вогнепальних поліструктурних ушкоджень верхніх кінцівок. Матеріали та методи. Проаналізовані результати хірургічного лікування 202 поранених з ушкодженням периферичних нервів унаслідок вогнепальних поліструктурних ушкоджень верхніх кінцівок. Результати. Важливими аспектами у лікуванні таких пацієнтів є: обов’язкова стабілізація кісткових уламків при вогнепальному переломі перед відновленням нерва, адекватне заміщення м’якотканинних дефектів, що відкриває можливості для створення сприятливих умов оточення ушкодженого нерва та стимуляції регенерації останнього з відновленням тканини «ковзання». Висновки. Своєчасне, раннє відновлення периферичних нервів, яке виконувалось одночасно з остеосинтезом та заміщенням дефекту тканин, дозволяє отримати раннє відновлення функції верхньої кінцівки.

Summary. Brachial plexus injuries is a severe and debilitating trauma characterized by gross impairment of upper extremity function. Mostly this is the trauma of young active people of working age, which often leads to significant loss of upper extremity function and disability of the patient. On October 10, 2019, at the XVIII Congress of Orthopedists Traumatologists of Ukraine held in Ivano-Frankivsk, a round table was held on the basic issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with brachial plexus injuries, and a multidisciplinary consensus was adopted on the basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of brachial plexus injuries. During the round table, the issues of determining risk groups for brachial plexus injury (patients with polytrauma, road trafic accident, patients with injuries of the shoulder girdle area, dislocations of the shoulder, open lesions of the shoulder girdle and subclavian area, patients with atypical pain in the shoulder, patients that lost upper extremity function after surgery in the supraclavicular and subclavian area, neck, mastectomy, radiation therapy) and the protocol of clinical examination of patients (which must include the possibility of active movements in the joints of the upper limb and stabilization of the scapula; it is obligatory to determine the strength of the muscles of the affected limb in comparison with the healthy one, to determine sensitivity in the corresponding areas of autonomous innervation of the roots; also it is important to determine Horner syndrome) were discussed. Also, the place and time of additional diagnostics methods (emergency ultrasound and radiography, after 3 weeks – needle and stimulation electroneuromyography (ENMG), MRI of the brachial plexus or cervical spine, CT myelography) and an algorithm for the supervision of patients with a brachial plexus injury were adopted; the centers of brachial plexus surgery were specified. All this later formed the basis of multidisciplinary consensus.

Summary. During the period of rapid industrialization, there was a need to create a new approaches to treat hand injuries due to rapid development of metallurgical, mining and engineer industry, which were accompanied by a high level of injuries with a significant amount of disability in the second half of 20th century, in Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv regions. New stage in the development of hand surgery and microsurgery in Ukraine began in the 80’s: the Department of Microsurgery and Reconstructive Surgery of the Upper Extremity under the direction of I. Antoniuk was opened on the basis of the SI “Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of NAMS of Ukraine” in Kyiv in 1982. Development of hand surgery in the western regions of Ukraine began in the 90’s. In Lviv, on the initiative of O. Toropovskyi, on the basis of the City Hospital No 8, a Center of Microsurgery and Surgery of the Hand was created. In Zakarpattia (Uzhhorod) since 1997, on the initiative of V. Haiovich and A. Pogoriliak, microsurgery and hand surgery service was established, which is now under the care of the Combustiology Department. In Volyn (Lutsk), hand surgery service is transmitted to the initiative group, also working at the City Combustiology Center. In Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Ternopil and Rivne, initiative groups in the field of hand surgery service have been formed in the structure of orthopedics and traumatology departments. 2005 was marked by the opening of another center for surgery of the hand in Luhansk on the initiative of V. Ivchenko and under the guidance of V. Golovchenko, whose surgeons owned microsurgical equipment and provided highly skilled assistance to the population of this region. Ukrainian Hand Surgery Society (UHSS) was created in 2012, and led by Professor S. Strafun, as a result of collaboration of all hand surgery centers. In 2014, UHSS was accepted into the Federation of European Societies for the Surgery of the Hand (FESSH).

Objective. To improve the results of complex surgical treatment of wounded and injured persons with thoracic trauma, complicated by bronchopleural fistulas, pleural empyema and defects in the thoracic wall soft tissues, basing on introduction of the proposed procedure of vacuum therapy in combination with bronchoscopic obturation of certain bronchus. Materials and methods. Analysis of results of the complex surgical help delivery for 54 wounded persons with defects of the thoracic wall soft tissues, broncho-pleural fistulas and pleural empyema, caused by the combat thoracic trauma, on ІІІ and ІV levels of medical support while conduction of the Antiterrorist operation/Operation of the Joined Forces (the main group) and 73 injured persons with thoracic trauma of the peace period (the comparison group) in the 2014 - 2019 yrs period was conducted. Results. Improvement of complex surgical treatment of the wounded and damaged persons with thoracic trauma and defects of the thoracic wall soft tissues have permitted to reduce the complications frequency by 6.7%, and lethality - by 9.2% in the main group. Conclusion. There was proposed a procedure of vacuum therapy, ultrasound cavitation together with bronchoscopic bronchial obturation for its fistula, which have proved its efficacy in complex surgical treatment of severely wounded persons with the gun-shot thoracic damages and presence of combination of pleural empyema, bronchial fistula and defects of soft tissues.

Objective. To improve the results of treatment in the patients with polystructural gun-shot woundings of the upper extremity, using elaboration and individualization of the rehabilitation program, depending on the trauma severity degree. Маterials and methods. The restorational treatment course to 52 injured persons was conducted in accordance to elaborated individualized program in the Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics NAMS of Ukraine, 168 military men - in accordance to standard procedures in the Іrpin Military Hospital with periodical monitoring of the state and correction measures. The extremities function was estimated in accordance to two procedures, which have added one another: DASH (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Outcome Measure) and AOOS in modification of І. М. Кurinnyi. Results. Expediency of differentiated approach and elaboration of individual programs of rehabilitation and achievement of a maximally searched definite results of the specialized help delivery to the injured persons, suffering a gun-shot polystructural woundings of upper extremity. Conclusion. Enhancement of the upper extremity function in military men, who obtained rehabilitation in accordance to the individual programs elaborated, was essentially bigger - (61.7 ± 12.1) points and achieved during shorter by (65.0 ± 14.0) days, than in the wounded persons, who obtained rehabilitation in accordance to standard procedures, the function enhancement have constituted (48.1 ± 11.2) points.

У роботі автори навели результати експериментального дослідження сухожилків людини в різні строки після травми. Було виявлено загальні закономірності морфологічних змін у сухожилку, встановлені оптимальні строки його відновлення.