A basic concept in this paper is that research and extension should not be seen as separate Institutions which must have some measure of linkage. Instead, Scientists involved in basic, applied and adaptive research together with extension agents and farmers should be seen as participants in a single Agricultural knowledge and information system. The study examined the research – extension –fish farmer linkage system in coastal and inland states of Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select researchers, extension agents and fish farmers and their responses on involvement in linkage activities were elicited through structured questionnaire. The result showed that significant differences exist in the involvement of researchers, extension agents and fish farmers in linkage (F=184.731). The mean involvement score revealed that researchers (49.8) are mostly involved in linkage activities followed by extension agents (46.72) and then fish farmers (32.08). It can be inferred that there is need for a closer collaboration among the three role players.

The ultimate aim of any meaningful educational activity is palpable value addition to the quality of life of the beneficiaries and the society and not the acquisition of a certificate per se. There is an apparent and bothersome tendency for stakeholders in the education system to lay disproportionate emphasis on ‘passing examinations’ and obtaining certificates to the detriment of acquisition of useful skills that are necessary for enhancement living standards of inhabitants of developing countries. This paper examines agricultural education in relation to the need to reduce poverty and achieve sustainable development in Nigeria. Nigeria currently has the largest agricultural education system in Africa. Specifically, the paper presents an overview of contemporary agricultural education in Nigeria, the current problems and prospects of agricultural production, and the connection between agriculture, poverty, and sustainable development in Nigeria. Furthermore, the paper argues for a far-reaching revision of higher agricultural education core curriculum and concludes that a more virile and realistic agricultural education system (incorporating formal and non-formal sub-systems) is imperative for the attainment of significant poverty reduction and sustainable development in Nigeria. Finally, a robust use of information and communication technology was recommended to enhance the relevance of the agricultural education system.

The dry belt of Nigeria lies within the sudano-sahelian savannah of West Africa with the most sensitive and delicately balanced ecological systems in the world. With the increased pressure of desertification, prolonged drought and human activities, the need for intervention for the sustainable land use involves maximizing the net benefits of economic development subject to maintaining or enhancing the services and quality of natural resources overtime. In the sahel of west Africa, the issue is not that of economics of profitability but rather that of maintaining self sufficiency in food production and survival. The paper presents a synopsis of interventions by government, non-governmental organizations and international agencies. Among the interventions for sustainable land use of Nigeria's dry belts are: afforestation programme, seedling production project, forest reserve development, forest shelterbelt project fuelwood poles and small timber supply project, rural tree planting programme, village woodlot scheme, tannin industrial project, gum Arabic production project and protective plantation of water catchment and dam areas. Others are land reclamation and road side planting, adaptive forest research, second forestry programme, urban forestry, fauna preservation protection and control projects. Others intervention activities are ECWA community based development, Northeast arid zone development programme, agricultural development project, hadejia-Ngure wetlands conservation projects, farm forestry, sand dune fixation, annual tree planting campaign, community awareness and mass mobilization, environmental education and training, and community fish pond. The lessons and limitations of these programmes and projects for sustainable land use in the semi and and and areas of Nigeria were explored in the paper.

The activities of two commercial waste management systems were reviewed in Nigeria. The scope of their operations and the impact of these centers on livestock waste management were examined. The case studies revealed that livestock waste management would be efficient among other things if there was a proper diffusion and adoption of waste management techniques. A proper linkage between research, extension and livestock farmers is suggested for effective management of wastes.

These success stories describe how two programs helped families to strengthen their health agricultural livelihoods and food security in Malawi. The programs helped households to grow more food guided farmers toward profitable business practices helped people to form savings groups taught families and young mothers about health and nutrition and increased access to HIV services and social welfare systems.