X-ray is a type of ionizing radiation and due to the fact that it is capable of causing DNA damage, there is need to monitor for the purpose of controlling, the amount of X-ray that patients are being exposed to. This research is a means of quality control on radiation exposure because it investigates the rate at which patients undergoing forearm X-rays from Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Jalingo, Taraba State are exposed through the measurement of their Entrance Skin Dose (ESD). The Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) for patients undergoing forearm X-rays was calculated using Edmond's 1984 formula for children with and without POP and adults with and without POP using X-ray exposure data collected for 40 patients, 20 for each age group and 10 for each category. The calculated Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) ranges from 0.3150mGy to 0.4990mGy for children without POP, 0.4371mGy to 0.5843mGy for children with POP, 0.3826mGy to 0.6716mGy for adults without POP and 0.4851mGy and 0.9774mGy for adults with POP. The maximum mean Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) of 0.6747mGy obtained is below the NNRA standard of 1mGy for a period of one year and does not pose any significant effect on patients undergoing forearm X-rays in the hospital. From the results, even though the estimated Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) is within NNRA's yearly limit, unavoidable exposures should be administered considering the NNRA's 5mGy for five years period when necessary while adhering to the ALARA principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

This paper seeks to measure the bulk modulus of some selected animal skins using acoustical method, by determining some physical properties of the skins, to see how they could be used for drum head. From the findings, it was found that the bulk modulus of skins using acoustic method depends on the velocity of sound that the skin can transmit and the density of the skins. Skins with very high ability of transmitting sound through them has high density, hence has high bulk modulus, showing the stiffness of the skin and those with low bulk modulus are flexible and have lesser density. The flexible skins can be used for drumhead so that its tones can be changed when pressure is applied.

This research is a means of quality control on radiation exposure because it investigates the rate at which patients undergoing forearm X-rays at the Taraba State Specialist Hospital Jalingo, Taraba State are exposed to through the measurement of their Entrance Skin Dose (ESD). The Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) for patients undergoing forearm X-rays was calculated using Edmond's 1984 formula for children with and without POP and adults with and without POP using X-ray exposure data collected for 40 patients, 20 for each age group and 10 for each category. The calculated Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) range from 0.2591mGy to 0.3440mGy for children without POP, 0.3487mGy to 0.4660mGy for children with POP, 0.35586mGy to 0.5980mGy for adults without POP and 0.5013mGy and 0.7526mGy for adults with POP. The maximum mean Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) of 0.5965mGy obtained is below the NNRA standard of 1mGy for a period of one year and does not pose any significant effect on patients undergoing forearm X-rays in the hospital. From the results, even though the estimated Entrance Skin Dose (ESD) is within NNRA's yearly limit, unavoidable exposures should be administered considering the NNRA's 5mGy for five years period when necessary while adhering to the ALARA principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable.

This report present the results of geophysical investigation carried out at Tudun wada, Bazza, Michika LGA of Adamawa state. The purpose of the investigation is to assess the groundwater potential of the area and to identify a suitable site for the location of a productive motorized borehole. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) and Electromagnetic (EM) methods were used for the investigation; using DDC 2B and ABEM Terrameter respectively. Three EM &VES sounding were carried out. Qualitative analysis reveals H-type of curve where ρ1˃ρ2˂ρ3. Three to four main geoelectric layers were identify from the geoelectric characteristics of the area as unit A with resistivity of 135-380 Ohms-m and an average thickness of 3.5-7.6m, unit B with an average resistivity value of 48-80 Ohms-m with a thickness of 19.6-28.9m, unit C has a resistivity of 105-130 Ohms-m with a corresponding average thickness of 5.4-6.8m while unit D has an average resistivity value of 350-700 Ohms-m representing fresh basement.

Abstract Food is source life to human existence. It is a known fact that no living thing can survive without food. For a country to be said to have food security, the prices of available food commodities must be affordable to everybody in that country and that is determined by the cost of the food commodities. As prices of agricultural commodities keep increasing, the availability of food becomes limited to every home in Nigeria. This is because, not everybody can afford high cost of food. When such happens, there will be food insecurity instead of food security. The aim of this paper is to use Time series equations and Non Linear equations to compare the prices of the selected agricultural commodities. Price is considered because, price plays a major role to food security in any country. Data were collected at monthly basis from the prices of three agricultural commodities for the period of nine years (2008-2016). The commodities include local rice, cassava flour and Red maize. The results from the models formulated from the selected commodities were used to compare the two methods. The results show that nonlinear equation method is better than Least Square method because Non linear equation method has a minimal error compared to the Least Square method.

X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and physicochemical test have been applied in the analysis of soil samples that were collected from the area of study. In this work, the distribution pattern and properties of the soil samples were determined. The elements determined include Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, Rb and S. 83% elements obtained were uniformly distributed. The mean values of pH, EC and CEC were: 5.59±0.65, 0.09±0.06 and 0.09±0.06. In general, the elements (Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn,) were evenly distributed while the elements (P, Mn, Ba, S and Rb) were not evenly distributed and the soils were characterised by good physical and chemical properties, which supports plants survivals. The soils have a good distribution pattern and physicochemical properties; hence plant/crops will thrive.