The effect of semen extender supplemented with pyridoxine on motility, in vitro capacitation and in vitro acrosome reaction of buck spermatozoa were studied. Tris-based extenders supplemented with 0, 4, 6 and 8mM of pyridoxine were diluted with pooled semen samples obtained from West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks. Sperm motility was assessed following cryopreservation, and capacitation and in vitro acrosome reaction were induced in vitro. The results showed higher (P<0.05) spermatozoa motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction in extenders supplemented with pyridoxine compared to the control. The improvement in motility was best (P< 0.05) at 6mM of alone or combined with vitamin C, E and melatonin respectively supplementation. Extender supplemented with 4mM had higher spermatozoa that underwent induced acrosome reaction and more spermatozoa cryopreserved with 4mM and 6mM underwent induced capacitation (P< 0.05). The findings revealed that spermatozoa motility, in vitro capacitation and in vitro acrosome reaction improved with pyridoxine supplementation.

Oxidative stress-induced disease conditions are on the increase and there is need for natural sources of antioxidant for relieving stress. The crude extract of Allium cepa L. has been well published as a potential natural source of antioxidant. But there is inadequate information on the antioxidant activities of fractionated extracts of the plant. The in-vitro antioxidant capacity of crude extract of red cultivar A. cepa bulbs and its four solvent fractions were studied and compared using Nitric oxide radical inhibitory assay (NORIA), FRAP and DPPH antioxidant models. The results of the three models revealed that the crude methanol extract exhibited very good antioxidant activities. However, with the aid of DPPH, the crude methanol extract, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions exhibited excellent antioxidant activities in comparison with ascorbic acid. Serial extraction did not make any of the fractionated extracts better than the crude extract of the red cultivar A. cepa bulbs. These results also showed that red cultivar A. cepa bulbs is a natural source of antioxidants and could serve as therapeutic agent in the prevention or slowing down of oxidative stress. Further studies are currently underway to identify the active component responsible for the observed antioxidant properties.

Ticks are a significant threat to livestock production, and the synthetic acarcides used to control them have had negative effects on the environment, non-target organisms and the animals being treated. As a solution to this problem, it is necessary to explore alternatives that are safer for humans, animals, and the environment. The use of medicinal plants offers a promising solution. In this study, the acaricidal efficacy of Momordica charantia, a medicinal plant, was evaluated using the adult immersion test (AIT). The aqueous extract and essential oil (EO) of M. charantia leaves were evaluated. A positive control (2% cypermethrin) and negative control (distilled water) were used. Different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, and 20%) of both aqueous and EO of plant were tested with 10 ticks per group. Tick mortality, reproductive index (RI), and inhibition of oviposition (IO %) were measured at 24 hours, 7 days, and 14 days post-treatment (PT). Statistical analysis was conducted using the probit method, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that both the aqueous extract and EO of M. charantia exhibited low acaricidal activity. Even at the highest EO concentration (20%), only 45% tick mortality was observed. The effect on oviposition was negligible, as the aqueous extract did not inhibit oviposition in live engorged female ticks. Consequently, M. charantia may not be a suitable alternative to synthetic acaricidal agents available on the market.

A 15 months old male Boerboel, weighing 25kg presented to Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria, with complaint of abdominal distention, emaciation and anorexia was diagnosed of congestive heart failure (CHF) of unknown etiology. At presentation, prominent S- wave voltages in lead II, III electrocardiogram, a positive R-wave in lead AVR and a mean electrical axis of -900 suggestive of right ventricular enlargement were evident. A right atrial enlargement was also suspected due to the presence of a tented P-wave on the electrocardiogram. Digoxin was administered at 0.01 mg/kg orally, once daily to increase cardiac contractility and reduce heart rate; Enalapril given at 0.5 mg/kg orally once daily was to blunt the renin angiotensin aldosterone response, Furosemide at 2mg/kg orally, once daily was administered to increase natriuresis and diuresis. After 2 weeks of medication the dogs exhibited signs of digitalis toxicity such as ventricular premature contraction, ventricular tachycardia. This case is a rare occurrence and has not been reported in our veterinary clinics. The management of CHF with standard dose regime of digitalis requires therapeutic drug monitoring as it could result in breed specific toxicity.

Abstract Objectives Several cultivars of Allium cepa L. have been studied for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities but there is inadequate information on such biological activities of the concentrated extracts of the Nigerian grown red cultivar A. cepa bulb. Methods The anti-inflammatory models used in this study were Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and formalin-induced paw lick in rats, while acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, hot plate reaction, hot water tail flick tests in mice were the analgesic models. Results At 30 min post-induction (pi), the inhibition of paw oedema (62.50%) by 200 mg/kg of methanol extract of red cultivar A. cepa bulb (MERCACB) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of indomethacin (15.63%) at 10 mg/kg. The paw oedema inhibition at 60 min pi by MERCACB (76.92%) was significantly higher than that of indomethacin (41.03%). At the early phase of formalin paw-lick test, the pain reaction time (PRT) of rat treated with MERCACB (400 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of indomethacin and the control groups. The hotplate test revealed that PRT of mice treated with 800 mg/kg of MERCACB were significantly (p<0.01) longer in comparism to indomethacin and control groups. The PRT of mice subjected to thermal pain due to hot water and treated with 800 mg/kg of MERCACB was significantly (p<0.05) longer than that of the control group. Conclusions These findings indicate that MERCACB possesses potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties which confirm the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and may be useful as a future therapeutic agent.

Mastitis, the inflammation of the mammary gland, is a major endemic disease affecting dairy production worldwide. Costs of treatment and control of mastitis contributes to major losses to the dairy industry especially if the condition is not promptly and accurately diagnosed, thus necessitating the engagement of regular and reliable means of recognising intra-mammary infections. Somatic cell counting, which has been recognized as a major standard for mastitis diagnosis in milk, was utilized in this study as a direct measure of intramammary inflammation (IMI), along with bacterial culture and isolation to establish the presence of mammary infections in cows from two nomadic herds. Milk from all four quarters (composite samples) of each of 100 cows at various stages of lactation, were obtained and subjected to Levowitz-Weber staining of duplicate smears and direct microscopic counting of somatic cells. Culture and isolation of sterile milk swabs and subsequent identification by morphology, gram staining and biochemical tests were employed to assess the presence of mastitis-causing pathogens in the samples. Using ≤100,000 cells/ml as cut off for non-mastitic milk, sub-clinical mastitis (SM), was determined in 70 (70%) of the examined samples. Contagious pathogens, namely; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus species and others as well as environmental bacteria, E. coli and Enterococcus species amongst others, were isolated from the samples. This result circuitously indicates the level of losses to dairy production through poor milk quality and yield, costs of treatment and culling obtainable in the nomadic dairying venture. The need for routine evaluation of raw milk and other dairy products emanating from the itinerant pastoralists, using sensitive and reliable parameters to facilitate prompt diagnosis, targeted treatment and rapid control of cow to cow or herd to herd spread of IMI is highlighted in this study.

A three and a half year old N'dama cow weighing about 150kg was rescued from a steel jaw trap during grazing the previous day and presented at the Teaching and Research Farm Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria with a fresh, deep wound. The animal was treated but there were no satisfactory response to Penicillin/streptomycin intramuscular injection at 10,0001U/kg for seven days and also i/m 20% Oxytetracycline injection at 20mg/kg repeated after 48 hours. A loopful of pus samples aseptically taken from the wound were streaked on blood agar base enriched with 7% horse blood (Oxoid, UK) using the quadrant streaking method and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated which was resistant to the commonly used antibiotics on the farm. Following the results obtained from the sensitivity test, the animal was placed on Enrofloxacin for seven days, the swelling regressed, no pus was expressed from the wound site and no pain was elicited from the joint on application of pressure by the 8th day Aeromonas hydrophila is pathogenic to man; hence care should be taken in handling of animal traps.

Lice are one of the most prolific ectoparasites on the bovine skin and they have a detrimental impact on production and performance of cattle. A survey of the prevalence and predilection sites of lice in Abeokuta, Nigeria was carried out using 150 heads of indigenous cattle of both sexes recently acquired in batches from different parts of Nigeria. Adult lice were found on the eyelids, inner commissure of the pinna and caudal end of the tail. Of the 150 animals examined, 10.67% were infested with lice; Damalinia bovis, Haematopinus spp and Linognathus spp accounting for 4.67%, 3.33% and 2.67% respectively of the infestation. None of the cattle had mixed lice infestation. Lacrimation was the only clinical sign associated with lice infestation in all the 16 affected animals. In conclusion, there is need for a nationally coordinated comprehensive study of the parasite-host interaction, life-cycle and epidemiology of these species of lice. Also, there is need to adopt the policy of de-lousing trade cattle before transportation to the point of sale.

Twenty four villages were visited during a cross sectional survey of ethno veterinary botanical remedies used for the management of animal diseases in four local government areas randomly selected cutting across the four geopolitical zones in Ogun State. A total of 323 households were purposively selected and administered with a semi structured questionnaire. A total of 319 questionnaires out of 323 were used for the analysis in the study.The farmers were assisted by the enumerators to fill the questionnaires in their homes: information on household demography, common animal diseases in the area, botanical remedies used for treatment, part of plant used, and source of prescription, methods of preparation and administration of these remedies were gathered.Most of the respondents were farmers, majority keeping goats. Out of the 319 respondents 110 (34.4%) admitted using plants in treatment of livestock diseases. Thirty two plant species were identified in the study area for treating livestock ailments. Leaves were the plant part mostly used. Adenopusbreviflorus(Pseudocolocynth) is the most commonly used plant for treatment of many animal diseases in both ruminants and poultry. Most common livestock diseases condition is mange followed by Peste des petits ruminants; however in poultry the most important diseases are Newcastle disease and diarrhoea. Losses to livestock owners were mostly due to infection.There is need for government and non-government intervention in curbing the menace of diseases in livestock production. Reasons for utilization of botanical remedies were identified and public health implications of usage of these herbs were discussed. In conclusion,there is an urgent need for more of this documentationcum scientific and clinical validation of the claims;if not ethno-veterinary botanical knowledge faces the risk of goinginto extinction due to increasing modern veterinary medical intervention.

Abstract Cases of canine poisoning pose a great challenge to pet owners and veterinarians due to incomplete patient history, late/delayed presentation of pets and the large array of poisonous agents. A ten-year retrospective study on canine poisoning cases presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize animal signalment, mode, month and year of exposure, severity, treatment and outcome. Associations between explanatory demographic characteristics of patients (age, sex and breed) with poison type and route of exposure were determined using a binary logistic regression model. Fifty-two case records with poisoning history and complete data were reviewed. The study population consisted of twenty males and thirty-two females between two months and five years of age. Poisonous agents that were identified included insecticides/acaricides (83%), cleaning products (2%), rodenticides (4%) and snake venom (6%). Poisoning occurred more in Alsatians, especially during the rainy season. No association between the dog demographics with type of poisoning and route of exposure was observed (p>0.05). There were 4 fatalities and 48 recoveries. This study highlights the heterogeneity of poisonous agents, associated clinical signs, treatment and outcome, and the challenges involved in poison control. Standardized approaches for the collection, assessment, integration of poisoning data and risk management is needed.

To study the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana (Euphorbiaceae) on some reproductive parameters of male Wistar albino rats, three groups (A, B and C) of six rats each were treated with 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day of leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana, respectively for 28 days while 5 mLs/kg of distilled water was given to the controlgroup D. At the end of the experimental period, animals were sacrificed and sperm characteristics, histology of the testes and epididymis were assessed. Sperm motility (80.00+7.0, 75.00+2.9), sperm count (82.75+2.7, 76.50+3.8) and sperm live/dead (96.00+2.0, 94.50+1.7) were not significantly reduced (P<0.05) at the dosages of 400 and 800 mg/kg Acalypha wilkesiana leaf extract, respectively. did not have any significant reduction (P<0.05) in, but significant (P<0.05) reductions in sperm count (71.50+3.5*) was observed at 1600 mg/kg dose. Also, significant (P<0.05) increase in morphologicalabnormalities of the spermatozoa were only observed in the 1600 mg/kg treated group of rats. Histopathological evaluation of the testis and revealed varying degrees of degeneration and necrosis of the germinal epithelia cell of the seminiferous tubules and spermiostasis, whereas no significant lesion was seen in the epididymis. The high dose of the leaf extract of Acalypha wilkesiana may have significant anti-spermatogenic effects on adult male Wistar rats.

The efficacy of diminazene aceturate in three Nigerian breeds of sheep [West African Dwarf (WAD), Yankassa and Ouda] experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax was studied. Five rams of each breed were administered 0.5 ml of goat blood containing 2.5 × 106T. vivax per millilitre intravenously, while three rams of each breed served as uninfected controls. The treatment with diminazene aceturate was intramuscularly administered to the infected sheep, when their packed cell volume (PCV) fell to 15 %, at a dosage of 7 mg.kg−1 b. w. The parameters measured were parasitaemia, live weight gain and PCV. By 24 hours post treatment (pt.), no trypanosomes were detected by either the Haematocrit Concentration Technique (HCT) or the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the blood of any of the treated sheep. However, a relapse of parasitaemia occurred 17 to 32 days pt. in 46.7 % of the treated rams and these were retreated with 14 mg.kg−1 b. w. diminazene aceturate. There were gradual increments in the live weight gain and the PCV of the treated rams until the resurgence of parasitaemia. Ouda had the highest cases of relapse (80 %), the least mean live weight gain and was the only breed in which mortality was recorded despite the treatment. In conclusion, diminazene aceturate administered at 7 mg.kg−1 b. w. cleared the trypanosomes in the blood of all the treated sheep within 24 hours and this was accompanied by the restoration of lost weight and the reversal of anaemia. However, the subsequent resurgence of parasitaemia indicated that a dosage of 7 mg.kg−1 b. w. was no longer reliable for complete elimination of trypanosomes from all the tissues of the host.

An understanding of the susceptibility of different species and breeds of animals to trypanosomosis in sub-Sahara Africa would facilitate the formulation of effective control measures against the ravaging spread of African animal trypanosomosis. In this study, the prevalence of Trypanosoma species in apparently healthy Nigerian breeds of sheep was determined together with the evaluation of the Packed Cell Volume (PCV) as an indicator of the severity of infection. Blood samples of 243 sheep, including 97 West African Dwarf (WAD), 60 Yankassa, 62 Ouda, 19 Balami, and five Crossbred, were screened for trypanosomes by the Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique (HCT) and species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. In none of the blood samples were trypanosomes detected by the HCT whereas 35.4% of the samples were positive by the PCR technique. The overall prevalence of trypanosomes by the PCR technique was T. vivax (23.05%), T. congolense Savannah (13.38%), T. congolense Forest (7.82%) and T. brucei brucei (4.53%) while the breed specific prevalence was WAD (25.8%), Yankassa (36.7%), Ouda (43.5%), Balami (47.4%) and Crossbreeds (60%). Generally, the mean PCV of infected sheep was slightly (p > 0.05) lower than that for the non-infected except for the WAD breed. This study revealed that sub-clinical ovine trypanosomosis was endemic in the study area with Trypanosoma vivax being the most prevalent. The findings thus suggest that sheep may play a significant role as a reservoir of trypanosomes to other species of domestic animals and, as such, should be included in trypanosomosis control programmes.

Abstract Background In traditional medicine, Allium cepa Linnaeus is used for the treatment of several disease conditions. Whilst reports abound on the effects of several cultivars of A. cepa L on biochemical parameters, similar information on the red cultivar is scarce. This study examines the effects of the methanol extract of the red cultivar A. cepa L on some serum biochemical parameters in experimental Wistar rats. Materials and methods Fifty-five Wistar rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C), which include 25, 25 and 5 rats, respectively. The rats in Groups A and B were sub-divided into 5 groups of 5 rats. Each rat was administered a certain dose of methanol extract of the red cultivar A. cepa L for 14 days (Group A) or 28 days (Group B). Group C rats served as the control and were administered with distilled water (10 mL/kg). Results A. cepa L administration resulted in dyslipidaemia, hyponatremia, hypokalaemia and hyperchloraemia; a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in hepatic enzymes and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in serum bicarbonate, bilirubin and its fractions. Conclusions These biochemical results indicate that the excessive and prolonged medicinal consumption of A. cepa L products beyond 7 days may induce moderate hepatic injury and mild renal dysfunction and may complicate disease conditions, such as hypertension and diabetes. Thus, in order to minimize its toxic effects, it is recommended that A. cepa L products should not be used for more than seven consecutive days or beyond a dosage of 90 mg/kg.

Abstract Background In both human and animals, especially in food and companion animal breeding farms, infertility is normally a challenge of great concern. Males have been found to be solely responsible for about 20–30% of infertility cases. Allium cepa (Onion), being one of the highly consumed spices worldwide, is usually overlooked as a possible reproductive toxicant. Most research on A. cepa document its medicinal effects. This study focused on toxicity potential of A. cepa to the male reproductive system. Spermatozoa morphological characteristics and testicular histopathology of male Wistar rats were accessed following administration of A. cepa methanol extract for 14 and 28 days. Methods The rats (55) were divided into groups A, B and C of 25, 25 and 5 rats, respectively. Group C served as the control and was administered distilled water (10 ml/kg), while groups A and B were subdivided into five groups of five rats each. Group A and B were administered A. cepa extract at various graded doses for 14 days and 28 days, respectively. Results The results revealed significantly increased (p < 0.05) percentage spermatozoa abnormalities, with significantly lower spermatozoa concentration, mass activity and percentage sperm motility when compared with the control group. Conclusions Conclusively, excessive (>100 mg/kg) and prolonged (>7 days) consumption or administration of Allium cepa (onion), including nutraceutical preparations of A. cepa has spermatotoxic effect and may damage germinal epithelial cells of the testicles. Toxicity of A. cepa is dose-dependent and beneficial effects may be maximized at doses ≤100 mg/kg for ≤7 consecutive days.

Se estudiaron los efectos de la piridoxina sola, o en combinación con diferentes antioxidantes, sobre los parámetros de viabilidad y estrés oxidativo de los espermatozoides caprinos criopreservados. Muestras combinadas de semen, diluidas con diluyente yema de huevo-tris se complementaron, en el estudio I con 0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 mM de piridoxina; en el estudio II con 2 mM de piridoxina (P), en combinación con diferentes concentraciones (0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 mM) de vitamina E (PE), vitamina C (PC) o melatonina (PM); y en el estudio III con 2 mM de piridoxina suplementada con combinaciones de vitamina C, vitamina E y melatonina (PCEM) a diferentes concentraciones (0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 mM). Los resultados mostraron mayor (p

The effects of pyridoxine alone or combined with different antioxidants on viability and oxidative stress parameters of cryopreserved sperm of goat bucks were studied. Pooled semen samples diluted with tris-egg yolk extenders were supplemented in the Study I: with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM of pyridoxine; in the study II with 2 mM of pyridoxine (P) each combined with different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM) of vitamin E (PE), vitamin C (PC) and melatonin (PM); and in study III: with 2 mM of pyridoxine each supplemented with different combinations of vitamin C, vitamin E and melatonin (PCEM) each at different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM). The results showed higher (p<0.05) sperm motility in extenders supplemented with 4 mM and 6 Mm pyridoxine, or its combination in PM4 and PM6 followed by PC4, PC6 and PE4; and PCEM6 extenders. Extenders supplemented with pyridoxine alone or its combination at all levels of vitamins E, PM2, PCEM2, PCEM4 and PCEM8 had higher (p<0.05) acrosome integrity. Extenders supplemented with pyridoxine alone or in combination with all levels of vitamins E and PC2, PCEM2 and PCEM8 had higher (p<0.05) membrane integrity. Sperm abnormal and seminal leukocytes reduced (p<0.05) at 4 mM, 6 mM and 8 mM of pyridoxine or in combination with other antioxidants. Extenders supplemented with pyridoxine alone or combinations with antioxidants (PCEM4, PCEM6 and PCEM8) had reduced (p<0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. The findings indicated that extenders supplemented with pyridoxine alone or in combination with other antioxidants improved viability and reduced oxidative stress parameters of cryopreserved sperm of goat bucks.

The effects of oral administration of crude methanol extract of red cultivar Allium cepa (Onion) on serum cardiac troponin (cTnI) in cardiac muscle and some haematological parameters were investigated in this study. Fifty five (55) male albino rats were housed and fed with standard growers ration and water ad libitum. There were three major groups; A, B and C containing twenty five (25), twenty five (25) and five (5) rats respectively. Group C was the control group while groups A and B were sub-divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group A was administered with red cultivar A. cepa extract at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg for 14 days while group B rats were administered with the doses of red cultivar A. cepa for 28 days. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital sinus for haematology and cardiac troponin-I assay, histopathological examination of the heart was also done. Haematology showed significant (p<0.05) progressive decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and there was progressive elevation of mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Dose-independent elevation of serum cardiac troponin-I (cTnI) with varying degrees of myocardial injuries was observed. This study further postulates a correlation between the A. cepa-induced anaemia and increased cTnI which may be caused by myocardial ischaemia. In conclusion, this study reported the capability of red cultivar A. cepa to induce anaemia and cause myocardial injury as expressed with statistical significant (p<0.01) increase in serum cTnI. Medicinal use of red cultivar A. cepa is therefore recommended to be limited to lower doses and for short duration to prevent the haemotoxic and cardiotoxic potentials.Keywords: Allium cepa, Cardiac troponin-I, Cardiotoxicity, Haemotoxicity, Medicinal, Red cultivar

Effects of mucuna seed extract (MSE) in tris-extenders on sperm functional integrities and seminal oxidative stress indices of vitrified sperm of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat bucks were investigated. Varying levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 g/100 mL of diluent) of MSE in tris-extenders were diluted with semen specimens. Diluted semen specimens were vitrified and preserved in liquid nitrogen. The results showed that sperm functional integrities (acrosome and membrane integrities) in MSE extenders were comparable. However, seminal oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde [MDA] and acrosin activity) differed (P<0.05) among the various treatments and the control. The results revealed that semen vitrified with MSE had reduced (P<0.05) MDA concentrations compared to the control. Higher (P<0.05) acrosin activities were recorded in semen vitrified with MSE compared to the control except at 0.25g MSE and optimal values were recorded at 1g MSE. The findings indicated that MSE in the tris-extenders reduced MDA concentration with congruent elevated acrosin activity and consequently maintained sperm functional integrities of vitrified spermatozoa of the WAD goat.

The effects of semen extenders containing coconut (Cocos nucifera) water alone or combined with egg yolk on viability of spermatozoa during cryopreservation of semen obtained from West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks were studied. Coconut water (5, 10, 15 and 20 ml/100 ml) was diluted with pooled semen samples in study I, while in study II, the pooled semen samples were diluted with egg yolk and coconut water (EYCW) at 5:10, 10:10 and 10:5 in Tris-based extenders. The control consisted of Tris-based extenders plus sodium citrate. The diluted semen samples were cryopreserved for 30 days and evaluated for sperm viability parameters. Following cryopreservation, acrosome reaction and capacitation of spermatozoa were induced in vitro. The results showed that motility was higher (P < 0.05) in coconut water extenders compared to the control and improvement in this parameter was best at 10% coconut water. More spermatozoa cryopreserved with coconut water underwent induced acrosome reaction and capacitation compared to the control and 10% coconut water had the highest values (P < 0.05). The results showed that motility was better preserved in EYCW5:10 and EYCW10:10 extenders (P < 0.05). While more spermatozoa underwent induced acrosome reaction and capacitation with coconut water and egg yolk extenders at different combinations compared to the control (P < 0.05), the highest values of acrosome integrity and membrane integrity were observed in EYCW5:10 extenders. The results revealed that 10% coconut water and EYCW5:10 gave better improvement of sperm viability parameters. The findings indicated that coconut water extender improved the quality of cryopreserved spermatozoa of WAD bucks.