Abstract Cisplatin, used as an effective drug in cancer patients, has become a popular topic in studies conducted in recent years. It is known that cisplatin terminates the vital activities of healthy cells as well as cancer cells. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a member of the catechin group, is a natural antioxidant known to promote and improve health. Catechins, due to their regulatory effect on apoptosis and autophagy, have attracted increasing interest in their positive health effects on various diseases. This study aims to investigate the effect of EGCG on Nrf-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α protein signaling pathways against muscle tissue damage caused by cisplatin. A total of 28 male rats were used in the study, creating 4 groups. The experimental period was 28 days (4 weeks). The protective and healing effects of EGCG against cisplatin-induced damage in muscle tissue were investigated. Catalase (CAT) activity, malonaldehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in a spectrophotometer. Expression levels of Nrf-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α proteins were determined using the Western blot method. When compared to the cisplatin-administered group, MDA levels decreased in the EGCG+Cisplatin-administered group, while CAT activity and GSH levels increased. It was found that EGCG used for therapeutic purposes reduced the expression of Nrf-2, NF-κB, and TNF-α proteins. Histopathological examination showed that muscle tissue damage occurred in the cisplatin group, while the damage decreased in the EGCG+Cisplatin-administered group. Our findings show that EGCG can prevent toxicity due to its anti-inflammatory effect against tissue damage caused by cisplatin.

Small molecule PARP inhibitors, such as olaparib, have been developed as part of personalized cancer treatment strategies. This study investigated the synthetic lethality between the PARP enzyme in breast cancer cell lines. The anti-cancer effects of combining the PARP inhibitor olaparib with the small molecule PLK1 inhibitor BI-2536 on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were assessed through in vitro cell viability (MTT) and clonogenic cytotoxicity analyses. The impact of olaparib and BI-2536 treatment on cell cycle and DNA damage response proteins was analyzed using Western blotting. BRCA2 expression was silenced using RNA interference technology, and the manipulation of BRCA2 gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was confirmed by Western blotting. Cell viability and colony survival were evaluated in BRCA2-effective and BRCA2-defective MCF-7 cells. Additionally, molecular docking analyses provided insights into the functioning of protein signaling pathways. Our results indicate that the combined treatment with olaparib and BI-2536 significantly reduces the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and inhibits their colony formation ability. This combination therapy demonstrated a synergistic cytotoxic effect, causing potentiated DNA damage induction in these breast cancer cells compared to individual treatments. The increased expression of PLK1, p53, p21, γH2AX, Nrf-2, cyclin E, A, and B1, along with the decreased expression of HER-2, NF-κB, and cyclin D1 in breast cancer cells, suggests that PLK1 inhibition can enhance the efficacy of PARP inhibitors.

Cisplatin, which is used as a chemotherapy drug in some types of cancer, can cause DNA damage in cells and some organ damage after certain limits. Damage studies with cisplatin are mostly on organs such as the liver and lungs and some types of cancer. Damage studies on pancreatic tissue are relatively few, and they are especially related to insulin. In this study, the protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which has antioxidant and antitumor properties, were investigated against the general damage caused by cisplatin on the pancreatic tissue. A total of 28 male rats were used, divided into 4 groups, in the 4-week study. Cisplatin and EGCG were given intraperitoneally. Malondialdehyde, catalase and glutathione levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Caspase-3, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, p53, and HO-1 protein expressions were determined by the Western Blotting method. In addition, histopathological examination of the pancreatic tissue was performed and the findings were evaluated statistically. In our findings, a decrease in malondialdehyde levels and an increase in catalase activity and glutathione levels were observed in the pancreatic tissue in rat groups to which EGCG was administered. It was observed that the expression levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-6 proteins, which are markers of inflammation, were significantly decreased in the EGCG-treated group (EGCG+Cis) compared to the cisplatin group. In the histopathological examination, it was observed that pancreatic damage occurred significantly in the cisplatin-administered group and decreased in the treatment group. According to these data, it has been shown that treatment with EGCG can prevent toxicity in cisplatin-induced pancreotoxicity by providing an anti-inflammatory effect.

Ulcerative colitis is one of the most common intestinal diseases in the world. Lycium barbarum (Goji Berry) is a type of fruit that is frequently used in alternative medicine, with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory effects. Although the effect of Lycium barbarum (LB) on intestinal diseases has been extensively studied, the mechanism of action on apoptosis and autophagic pathways in the ulcerative colitis model has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, the effect of LB on the apoptosis and autophagy pathways in the ulcerative colitis model was investigated. Wistar albino male rats were used in the study. DSS chemical was used to create an ulcerative colitis model and LB was used to prevent colitis formation. In our study, in the LB+DSS group compared to the DSS group, wherein it was determined that p53 and Beclin 1 protein levels increased, TIGAR protein level decreased, MDA levels decreased, GSH level and catalase activity increased. Also, in the histopathological results, ulcerative colitis did not occur in the LB+DSS group. In general, our findings show that LB prevents the formation of ulcerative colitis, reduces damage, and activates the defense and apoptosis/autophagy mechanisms. When the results of our study are evaluated as a whole, we can say that LB has a promising potential to prevent ulcerative colitis.

Fullerene C60 exhibits potent antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities as well as anticancer activities. In this study using 60 Wistar albino female rats (n = 60, 8 weeks old), they rats were divided into 4 groups, including 15 rats each. The groups were arranged as follows: (i) Control Group: Group fed with standard diet; (ii) C60 Group: C60 (1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage); (iii) DMBA (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) Group: DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage); (iv) C60 and DMBA Group: C60 (1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) and DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) group. DMBA increased the malondialdehyde levels in muscle tissue, while decreasing GSH and CAT levels; however, treatment with fullerene C60 reversed these effects. In addition, the oral administration of fullerene C60 increased caspase-3 and Nrf-2 protein expression and significantly decreased Bcl-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2 and p38α (MAPK) protein expression in C60 + DMBA compared to the DMBA group. Moreover, histopathological imaging revealed that the oral administration of fullerene C60 decreases inflammatory cells, edema formation, and hydropic degeneration in the muscles. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that fullerene C60 nanoparticle provides effective protection by preventing muscle tissue damage.

Introduction: Royal jelly (RJ) from the honey bee, Apis mellifera, is a traditional product that is widely used as a food supplement to support the medical treatment of various diseases. Material and methods: Our study continued for 8 weeks. 42 Wistar albino (8 weeks old) male rats were used in the study. The study included 6 groups; Group 1: Control group (fed with standard diet), Group 2: RJ (100 mg/kg, bw), Group 3: F-50 (50 mg/kg, bw), group 4: F-100 (100 mg/kg, bw) group 5: F-50 (50 mg/kg, bw) + RJ (100 mg/kg, bw) Group 6: F-100 (100 mg/kg, bw) + RJ (100 mg/kg, bw). Malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) activities in liver tissue were determined by spectrophotometer. Liver tissue samples were examined histopathologically and various protein levels were determined by Western blotting technique. Results: RJ caused a significant decrease in MDA level, Bcl-2, GSK3 and NF-kappa B protein expression levels, whereas induced a significant increase in GSH level, CAT activities and Bax, BDNF, caspase-6, caspase-3, Nrf-2 protein expression levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest RJ to be used as a hepatoprotective agent in the clinic to modulate the toxic effects of fluoride and other chemicals in the future.

EGCG, a polyphenolic catechin, has anticancer, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects on kidney tissue. It was aimed to determine the antiinflammatory, antioxidant effect of EGCG against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. 28 male Wistar albino ( n = 28, 8 weeks old) rats were used. Rats were divided into 4 groups and each group included 7 rats. The groups were: (i) Control Group: fed with a standard diet; (ii) EGCG Group: Standard diet + EGCG; (iii) Cis Group: Standard diet + Cis; (iv) Cis + EGCG Group: They were fed with standard diet + Cis + EGCG. In the EGCG-treated group (Cis + EGCG), the expression levels of p38α MAPK, IL-6 and TNF-α proteins, which are inflammation markers, were found to be significantly decreased compared to the Cis group ( p < 0.05). Our results show that cisplatin increases MDA levels from antioxidant defense systems, decreases glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity, thus activating oxidative metabolism and causing damage. In the histopathological examination, it was observed that kidney damage occurred significantly in the cisplatin-administered group, whereas it decreased in the EGCG-administered group. These results show that EGCG treatment has an antiinflammatory effect and it can significantly prevent nephrotoxicity.

This review on gene editing technologies summarizes the features, applications and future of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome regulating system. Recently, the aim of searchers has been to improve cost-effective and reliable ways to perform goal modify to the genome of living cells. Thanks to the improvement of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, it has made progress in many fields such as molecular biology, biomedicine and medicine. Moreover, it has contributed to important developments in the field of genome engineering through targeted breaks in the DNA of almost every organism and cell type.

The objective of this investigation was to investigate the protective effects of fullerene C60 nanoparticle against pancreatic damage experimentally induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) in female rats. Fullerene C60 nanoparticle was administered to rats 5 times a week by oral gavage (o.g) at 1.7 mg/kg bw 7 days after DMBA administration. 60 Wistar albino female rats divided to four groups; Groups: (1) Control group: Fed with standard diet; (2) Fullerene C60 group: Fullerene C60 (1.7 mg/kg bw); (3) DMBA group: DMBA (45 mg/kg bw); (4) Fullerene C60 + DMBA group: Fullerene C60 (1.7 mg/kg bw) and DMBA (45 mg/kg bw). Lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in pancreatic tissue were determined by spectrophotometer. Protein expression levels of p53, HO-1, p38-α (MAPK), Nrf-2, NF-κB and COX-2 in pancreatic tissue were determined by western blotting technique. In our findings, compared to the group given DMBA, MDA levels and p38-α, NF-κB and COX-2 levels decreased, CAT activity, GSH level, total protein density and p53, HO-1, Nrf-2 levels in the groups given fullerene C60 nanoparticle an increase in expression levels was observed. Our results showed that fullerene C60 nanoparticle may be more beneficial in preventing pancreatic damage.

This study was carried out to investigate the protective properties of royal jelly on the testicular tissue of rats with testicular damage by giving fluoride. Sperm motility, epididymal sperm density and abnormal sperm ratios were examined and visualized with a light microscope. Expression levels of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α and IL1-α proteins in testis tissue were determined by western blot technique. As a result of the study, MDA level, expression level of Bcl-2, NFҡB, COX-2, TNF-α and IL1-α proteins, abnormal sperm rates were found higher in Fluoride-50 and Fluoride100 groups compared to other groups. In addition GSH, Catalase enzyme levels, expression levels of Caspase-3 and Nrf-2 proteins were found to be higher in Fluoride + Royal Jelly groups compared to Fluoride-50 and Fluoride-100 groups. In addition, lower degeneration of testicular tissue was found in the histological evaluation in the Fluoride + Royal Jelly groups compared to the other groups. When the data are evaluated royal jelly provides effective protection against testicular damage. From this point of view, we hope that similar results will be obtained when royal jelly is tested on humans.

This study is aimed at determining whether royal jelly (RJ) which has a powerful antioxidant property prevents fluoride-induced brain tissue damage and exploring whether Bcl-2/NF-κB/ and caspase-3/caspase-6/Bax/Erk pathways play a critical role in the neuroprotective effect of RJ. Wistar albino rats were chosen for the study, and they were randomly distributed into six groups: (i) control; (ii) royal jelly; (iii) fluoride-50; (iv) fluoride-100; (v) fluoride-50 + royal jelly; (vi) fluoride-100 + royal jelly. We established fluoride-induced brain tissue damage with 8-week-old male Wistar albino rats by administration of fluoride exposure (either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg bw) through drinking water for 8 weeks. Then, the study duration is for 56 days where the rats were treated with or without RJ (100 mg/kg bw) through oral gavage. The effects of RJ on glutathione (GSH), catalase activity (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined via spectrophotometer. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effects of royal jelly on the protein expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-6, Bcl-2, NF-κB, COX-2, and Erk. It was also studied the effects of RJ on histopathological alterations in fluoride-induced damage to the rat brain. As a result, the Bcl-2, NF-κB, and COX-2 protein expression levels were increased in the fluoride-treated (50 and 100 mg/kg) groups but they were decreased significantly by RJ treatment in the brain tissue. Additionally, the protein expression of caspase-3, caspase-6, Bax, and Erk were decreased in fluoride-treated groups and they were significantly increased by RJ treatment compared to the un-treated rats. Our results suggested that RJ prevented fluoride-induced brain tissue damage through anti-antioxidant activities.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fullerene C60 nanoparticles against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced lung tissue damage in rats. 60 Wistar albino (8 weeks old) female rats were assigned into four groups: Control Group (C), Fullerene C60, DMBA, and Fullerene C60+DMBA. The rats in the DMBA and Fullerene C60+DMBA groups were administered DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage). The rats in Fullerene C60, and Fullerene C60+DMBA groups were administered with Fullerene C60 (1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage). Expression levels of cytochrome-C, caspase-3, beclin-1, IL-1α, HO-1 and p53 proteins in lung tissue were determined by western blotting, lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) analyzes, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase activity (CAT) and total protein levels were determined by spectrophotometer. In addition, lung tissues were evaluated by histopathologically. Fullerene C60 reduced the increasing of MDA and IL-1α protein expression levels and attenuated histopathological changes in lung. Moreover, fullerene C60 enhanced the protein expression of cytochrome-C, caspase-3, beclin-1, HO-1, and p53, which were decreased in the DMBA group. Fullerene C60 has strong biological activity that it might be an effective approach for lung damage.

The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of fullerene C 60 nanoparticle against heart tissue damage caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) in female rats. Female Wistar albino rats, 8 weeks old ( n = 60) weighing around (150 ± 10 g) were used for the study. These rats were divided into 4 groups and each group included 15 rats. Groups: (i) Control Group: Fed with standard diet; (ii) C 60 Group: C 60 (1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage); (iii) DMBA Group: DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage); (iv) C 60 and DMBA Group: C 60 (1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) and DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis, catalase activity (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in heart tissue were determined by spectrophotometer. In addition, heart tissue DNA damage was investigated. Caspase-3, p53, HO-1, COX-2, and TNF-α protein expression levels in heart tissue were determined by western blotting. As a result, Caspase-3, p53, HO-1 protein expression, GSH levels and CAT activity increased, COX-2, TNF-α protein expression, and MDA levels were significantly decreased in the C 60 + DMBA group compared to the DMBA group. Therefore, the fullerene C 60 nanoparticle may be a promising and effective therapy for the treatment of heart diseases associated with inflammation.

Fullerene C 60 is known to have particularly strong antioxidant ability to protect against oxidative stress-induced dysfunctions and tissue damage. In this study, the preventive effects of C 60 were investigated in rats that caused eye tissue damage with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). 60 Wistar albino female rats were used in the study. Groups: (i) Control Group: Group fed with standard diet; (ii) C 60 Group: Fullerene C 60 (1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) given group; (iii) DMBA Group: The group given DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage); (iv) C 60 + DMBA Group: Fulleren C 60 (1.7 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) and DMBA (45 mg/kg bw, oral gavage) group. Each group included 15 female rats and the study continued for 16 weeks. The protein levels were determined by western blotting and the biochemistry parameters were determined with spectrophotometric assays in rat eye tissue homogenates. Compared to the DMBA given group in the eye tissue, a decrease was observed in MDA levels and IL-1α and COX-2 protein expression levels, and an increase in GSH level, CAT activity and caspase-3, HO-1, p53 and Beclin-1 expression levels in the C 60 given groups. Our results show that fullerene C 60 protects eye tissue from oxidative damage and reduces inflammation via trigging HO-1 expression.

Bee pollen is a valuable product with apitherapeutic properties, highly valued by natural medicine for its medicinal and nutritional properties. Bee pollen, one of the basic elements of alternative therapy, has various biological activities such as antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. In this study, four groups were created to investigate whether bee pollen has a protective role against copper chloride (CuCl2) damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Study groups: (1) Control group: only yeast was cultivated; (2) CuCl2 group: given CuCl2 (30 mM); (3) Bee Pollen group: given bee pollen (10%); (4) Bee Pollen + CuCl2 group: given bee pollen (10%) + CuCl2 (30 mM). Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were grown at 30 degrees C for 1, 3, 5 and 24 hours. Cell growth, lipid peroxidation, MDA (malondialdehyde) analyzes, GSH (glutathione) levels and CAT (catalase) activities were determined by spectrophotometer. Total protein changes were determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Lowry protein method. In the results of working; when compared to the CuCl2 group, cell development (1, 3, 5 and 24 hours), total protein synthesis and GSH level (24 hours) increased in bee pollen groups, while MDA level ( 24 hours) decreased. It has been determined that bee pollen has a role of promoting cell growth and total protein synthesis by reducing oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture thanks to its antioxidant properties. Moreover, these natural products have been found to have a strong therapeutic effect in the treatment of many diseases.

The aim of this review is to investigate the possible protective and preventive effects of epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) in terms of human health including hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephrotoxicity and anticancer effects. Green tea is one of the most consumed beverages in many countries, especially in Turkey and it plays protective roles in the treatment of various diseases via the polyphenol it contains. It is known that EGCG, which is the main bioactive polyphenol in green tea, has versatile bioactivities. It has been determined that EGCG has the highest free radical scavenging ability among common phenolic compounds. It regulates gene expression and molecular signaling pathways by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, it prevents cell death by suppressing cytokine production and neutrophil migration in inflammatory diseases. With the studies conducted in the last decade, it has been determined that EGCG has anticancer, antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor, antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities. Especially, its anticancer effect has been found to have chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities in various cancer types such as colon, lung and breast cancer with in vivo and in vitro studies conducted to investigate molecular targets. This review was written to examine the possible protective and preventive effects of EGCG in terms of human health, including its hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephrotoxicity and anticancer effects.

Covid-19 SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2) is a new type of coronavirus known as an infectious upper respiratory tract infection disease. The coronavirus, which poses a great threat to human health worldwide, emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The most important reason for coronavirus epidemics to become a pandemic that the disease was easily transmitted by droplets in close proximity with infected people. The disease spread rapidly all over the world within a few months and it was declared a worldwide epidemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It poses a risk for severe diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic lung disease and chronic kidney disease in the advanced age group. Considering the mortality rates to date, great efforts have been made both worldwide and in our country to manifacture successful drugs and vaccines against Covid-19 infection. The main purpose of this review is to assist in an immune response and preventive work for Covid-19, thanks to the available information about the coronavirus epidemic that deeply affects humanity and the diseases it causes.

Introduction Protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) on fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated in this study. Methods 42 healthy male Wistar rats (n = 42, 8 weeks of age) were divided equally into 6 groups with 7 rats in each; (1) Group-1: Controls fed with standard diet; (2) Group-2: RJ [100 mg/kg] bw (body weight), by oral gavage; (3) Group-3: Fluoride [50 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water; (4) Group-4: Fluoride [100 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water; (5) Group-5: RJ [100 mg/kg] bw, by oral gavage + Fluoride [50 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water; (6) Group-6: RJ [100 mg/kg] bw, by oral gavage + Fluoride [100 mg/kg] bw, in drinking water. After 8 weeks, all rats were decapitated and their kidney tissues were removed for further analysis. The protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, Bcl-2, Bax, VEGF, GSK-3, BDNF, COX-2 and TNF-alpha proteins in kidney tissue were analysed by western blotting technique Results RJ increased Bcl-2, COX-2, GSK-3, TNF-alpha and VEGF protein levels and a decreased caspase-3, caspase -6, caspase-9, Bax and BDNF protein levels in fluoride-treated rats. Conclusion RJ application may have a promising therapeutical potential in the treatment of many diseases in the future by reducing kidney damage.

AIMS:The aim of the study was to determine the protective and therapeutic effect of fullerene C60 nanoparticle on DMBA-induced breast cancer in rats.MAIN METHODS:In vitro cell viability was determined by the WST-1 test. In vivo analysis was performed in female Wistar Albino rats. The expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, p53, IL-6, IL-1α ve p38α (MAPK) proteins were assessed by western blotting. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase activity (CAT), total protein levels and DNA damage were investigated. In addition, tissues were evaluated by histopathologically. In in silico analysis, the binding affinities of the fullerene C60 nanoparticle to transcription factors such as caspase-3, Bcl-2, Nrf-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, VEGF and Akt were demonstrated by molecular docking.KEY FINDINGS:Treatment of MCF-7 cells at various concentrations of fullerene C60 (0.1 to 100 mg/ml) inhibited cell viability in a dose dependent manner. Fullerene C60 treated rats exhibited considerable increase in the level of caspase-3 while decrease in the level of pro-survival protein Bcl-2. Bcl-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1α and p38α (MAPK) protein expression levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased in the C60 + DMBA groups compared to the DMBA group. It was observed that caspase-3, Nrf-2 and p53 protein expression levels, glutathione (GSH) level, catalase activities (CAT) and total protein levels increased significantly which was further confirmed through the resulting DNA fragmentation.SIGNIFICANCE:In silico assays, fullerene C60 has been observed to have similar affinity to some crystal ligands, especially against cancer.

Forty-two healthy adult male rats (Wistar albino, n = 42, 8 weeks old, starting weights 200-250 g) employed in this study were subdivided into six groups randomly with seven rats per group as follows: (i) Control group: received standard diet; (ii) RJ group: received standard diet supplemented with royal jelly; (iii) F50 group: received standard diet supplemented with fluoride (50 mg/kg BW); (iv) F100 group: received standard diet supplemented with fluoride (100 mg/kg BW); (v) F50 +RJ group: received standard diet supplemented with fluoride (50 mg/kg BW) and royal jelly; (iv) F100 +RJ group: received standard diet supplemented with fluoride (100 mg/kg BW) and royal jelly. The study continued for a total of eight weeks. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the post-translational expression levels of NF-kappa B, Bax, Bcl-2, TNF-alpha, Caspase-3 and Caspase-6 proteins in pancreas tissue. The pancreatic tissue was subjected to histopathological evaluation. Furthermore, MDA, GSH and CAT activities were examined by spectrophotometric analyzes. Our findings demonstrate that, compared to the control and RJ groups, Bcl-2 protein expression was augmented and, conversely, Caspase-6, Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels were decreased upon fluoride treatment. A statistically significant increase in TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B protein expressions was observed in the groups with fluoride-induced damage compared to the control and RJ groups. The MDA levels were increased in all fluoride-treated rats compared to those in the control and RJ groups, whereas the CAT and GSH activities were reduced in all rats with fluoride-induced damage. Although there was not a great difference between the groups regarding histopath-ological findings, there was a tendency to decrease in the rate of damage upon royal jelly treatment.