The electrode materials are essential to fabricate energy storage systems. Here, the electrode materials of LiNiPO4 Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using simple hydrothermal process and its structural, morphology, functional and elemental properties were confirmed with special analytical tools like, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive X- ray diffraction (EDX) with mapping correspondingly. Ensuing the redox peaks and electrochemical interaction, charge/discharge cycles and conductivity of electrode materials were examined through the cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. The prepared LiNiPO4 electrodes exhibit a superior specific capacity of 651.70 C/g at 5 mV/s. The cyclic stability of electrode attained 87 % specific-capacity retention complete 10,000 cycles with 5 A/g.

Development of science and technology and the depletion of fossil fuel, there has arisen a great demand for alternative energy storage and conversion devices to meet the recurrent need. A novel electrode material, calcium molybdate (CaMoO4) nanoparticles (NPs) has been prepared by the simple microwave combustion method (MCM). The crystalline structure, functional group, morphology, elemental composition, optical properties, and surface chemical configuration of prepared CaMoO4 NPs have been investigated by different analytical techniques. Besides, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques have been used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of CaMoO4 electrode in 1 M KOH electrolyte. CV curves confirmed the pseudocapacitance with the presence of redox pairs and Nyquist plot proving the nature of a supercapacitor of prepared CaMoO4 NPs. The CaMoO4 electrode has delivered a high specific capacitance (Csp) of 87.5 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 with retention stability of 88 % even after 10,000 cycles. These significances reveal that the prepared CaMoO4 NPs have the potential to be used for future trustable energy storage devices.

A key challenge in renewable energy production is the persistent gap between energy supply and demand. Developing and optimizing materials for energy storage devices offers a promising solution to this issue. The Ni3V2O8 Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using a simple hydrothermal process and their structural, morphology, functional and elemental properties were confirmed with special analytical tools like PXRD, SEM, FTIR and EDX with mapping correspondingly. Ensuring the redox peaks and electrochemical interaction, charge/ discharge cycles and conductivity of electrode materials were examined through the CV, GCD and EIS studies. The prepared Ni3V2O8 electrode exhibits a superior specific capacity of 581.07 at 5 mV/s. The cyclic stability of the electrode attained 72 % specific-capacity retention completing 10,000 cycles with 5 A/g. The supercapatteries belong to the electrode configuration of Ni3V2O8||AC fabricated and also investigated its properties with capacitive and diffusive mechanisms. Additionally essentially, fabricated asymmetric supercapatteries with a notable power density (PD) and energy density (ED) 1976 W/kg and 45.5 Wh/kg and outstanding cycle stability performance above 92 % specific capacity retention after 10,000 cycles is accrued effectively by using the Ni3V2O8 as electrode material for supercapattery applications.

Aluminium and copper doped (ZnO:Al:Cu) thin films were deposited on glass substrates using jet nebulizer spray technique for ammonia (NH3) gas sensing application. In addition, undoped, Al doped and Cu doped zinc oxide thin films were deposited separately using the same process parameters, in order to compare the characteristics of ZnO:Al:Cu film with that of these three sets of films. The prepared samples were characterized using the following analytical techniques: XRD, UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer, SEM, AFM, XPS, PL and EDAX. The gas sensing results showed that the ZnO:Al:Cu film exhibits the best response (30 s for 10 ppm) and recovery times (11 s for 10 ppm) compared to the other doped and undoped films. The response time of ZnO:Al:Cu film is one fourth of that of its nearest competitor viz. ZnO:Cu film (response 117 s for 10 ppm). Similarly, the recovery time of ZnO:Al:Cu film is one ninth of the latter (98 s). The response as well as recovery times of all the four samples for the test gas (ammonia) are in the order ZnO:Cu:Al < ZnO:Cu < ZnO:Al < ZnO. The mechanisms by which Al and Cu are incorporated into the ZnO lattice and the proposed mechanism for the enhanced ammonia gas sensing activity of ZnO:Al:Cu film even at low ppm are explained with the support of various analytical studies.

In photocatalyst, perovskite type lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO3/LFO) has fascinating material since easily tunable band gap, reactivity under solar irradiation and convenient oxidation states. After that, aiming on LFO materials scopes data used for bibliometric assessment, then categorized based on incorporates with various foreign materials like as synthesis methods, metal oxide, metal ions, carbon derivatives, alkaline metal and polymer resin on LFO. Further detail explores for various heterojunctions of type-I, II, III, S-scheme and Z-Scheme mechanism for the categorized composites. Generally, second material has (its morphology, visible light absorption, redox interaction) greatly affects the photocatalytic efficiency for resulting composites. Finally, identifies research gaps and proposes strategies for designing to improve the LFO-based composites. For tuning the surface morphology of LFO then match with highly redox 2D-materials to construction LFO nanocomposites. This composition has promise to improvise for holds a great exciting field towards environmental remediation.

Increasing energy requirement and over energy consumption and further upgrading of energy transfer and storage mechanisms are the critical problem. The supercapacitor is a good candidate for applications requiring high power delivery or uptake. Metal oxides can be effective electrode materials for energy storage devices due to their multiple oxidation states, high theoretical specific capacitance, wide potential window and eco-friendliness. In this connection, here report that electrodes made of notable nanosized transition metal oxides such as Ruthenium oxide (RuO2), Nickel oxide (NiO) and Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) were prepared by simple hydrothermal route and the prepared samples were confirmed through structural, vibrational, morphological, and elemental composition analysis. The modified working electrodes were then examined for electrochemical behavior, including CV, GCD, and EIS studies, using a 1 M KOH electrolyte solution after successive coating of the working material on empty Ni foil. Among them, RuO2 has high integral area, a low sweep rate and remarkable specific capacitance value of 447.1 Fg-1 at 5 mVs-1 in CV analysis. In addition, the GCD curve has good charge-discharge cyclic stability with a maximum specific capacitance of 412.1 Fg-1 at 0.5 Ag-1 compared to NiO and Co3O4. RuO2 has long charge-discharge stability and only 6.8

Hydrothermally synthesized orthorhombic structured magnesium vanadium oxide (Mg 3 (VO 4 ) 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared and calcinated at 600 degrees C then confirmed by PXRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX for structural, vibrational, morphology and elemental studies respectively. Further, the obtained Mg 3 (VO 4 ) 2 NPs modified electrode was studied with cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charging and discharging (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques with 1 M of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as electrolyte medium. The fabricated electrode manifests a remarkable specific capacitance (Csp) of 1068.71 F/g with a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Also for the two-electrode system, the negative electrode is used as an Activated carbon (AC) and prepared orthorhombic-structured Mg 3 (VO 4 ) 2 serves as the positive anode of an asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC) device. This Mg 3 (VO 4 ) 2 ||AC prototype design achieved the superior Csp of 385.28 F/g at 5 mV/s and it revealed an excellent capacitive performance. From charge-discharge (GCD) measurement the Csp of the device shows 135.88 F/g at 1 A/g. The fabricated ASC device was to deliver 30.69 Wh/kg of higher energy density (ED) and 4250 W/kg of excellent power density (PD).

This work describes how to easily make NiO hollow sphere composites using waste sugarcane bagasse for use in supercapacitor applications. NiO hollow spheres (NOHSs) nanomaterialis effectively synthesized through the nano carbon sphere (CS) template. A core-shell structure was created on the carbon sphere’s surface by NiO nanoparticles that were several nanometers in size. The structural and morphological of the synthesized materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the presence of the elements in NOHS. The electrochemical behaviour of hierarchical CSs and NOHSs electrode was examined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge/discharge (SC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In GCD analysis, NOHSs electrode showed a concentrated specific capacitance (Csp) of 913.79 F/g at 5 A/g current density. The porous conductive carbon with macro pores that speeds up the transit of electron and electrolyte ions causes noticeably better capacitive behavior.

The goal of the current effort is aimed to synthesise the uniform exfoliated titanium carbide (Ti3C2) 3 C 2 ) MXene sheets by utilising hydrofluoric (HF) acid to remove/etch "aluminium" from the parental Ti3AlC2 3 AlC 2 MAX phase. The Ti3C2 3 C 2 MXene was investigated by structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Higher Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDS with mapping for morphological and elemental analysis, Moreover, the Ti3C2 3 C 2 MXene was studied its electrochemical properties to electrochemical energy storage application using cyclic voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Since the GCD analysis of Ti3C2 3 C 2 MXene, a great specific capacitance (Csp) of 318F/g was attained with current density of 1 A/g and up to 90 % retentivity was attained after 7500 cycles. Besides, fabricated Ti3C2 3 C 2 MXene||Ti3C2-MXene 3 C 2-MXene symmetric supercapacitor device (SSD) has described the energy density (ED) of 27.78 Wh/kg at a power density (PD) of 400 W/kg and the capacitive retention existed attained 92.1 % after 7500 cycles with 5 A/g.

Carboxylate molecules have been distinguished as the potential compound in the largely emergent chemical world of heterocyclic compounds shows likely pharmacological characteristics. The knowledge of a mixture of synthetic pathways and the different physicochemical parameters of such compounds describe the especial interest of medicinal chemists to produce combinatorial collection and carry out in-depth efforts in the search of lead molecules. Among the various group of compounds studied, carboxylate moieties stand out to be unique in features due to their biological, pharmacological and medicinal properties. Synthesis, crystal structure, conformation and density functional theory of (4-(4-Nitrophenyl)-9-(phenylsulfonyl)-9H-carbazole-2,3-diyl)bis(p-tolylmethanone) derivative have been investigated in detail. Carboxylate moiety is in planar conformation, C-H…O type of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Density functional theory was utilised to investigate the carboxylate derivative. Similar to co-crystal ligands, carboxylate compounds exhibited potent interactions with the target protein. The supramolecular properties were measured and validated using Hirshfeld surface studies.

Recent research has explored the utilization of sugarcane bagasse, a bio-industrial waste, to fabricate energy storage devices due to ecofriendly nature, low cost with industrial scale production. In this investigation, cobalt oxide hollow spheres (Co3O4 HSs) were synthesized from waste sugarcane bagasse extract with the carbon spheres (CSs) act as template. The main component of sucrose (C12H22O11) linked with cellulose fibers and other oxygenic functional groups were used to prepare CSs. Previously, a metal precursor (Co(NO3)2.6H2O) was mixed with sugarcane bagasse extract and subjected to a hydrothermal process, resulting in uniform-sized metal CSs. The uniform sized Co3O4 HSs were formed by calcined metal CSs. The calcination temperature plays a crucial role to eliminating implanted carbon material on inter surface area of the metal oxide, shaping the Co3O4 HSs. Structural, vibrational, morphology and elemental analyses were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. Electrochemical tests show improved ion transport and low resistance, leading to high capacitance in asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices. Subsequently, for asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices, using with Co3O4 HSs has function of cathode and activated carbon (AC) as anode, the devices demonstrated impressive results of 33.1 Fg− 1 at 1 Ag− 1, 86.8

Scheelite structured metal tungstate MWO4 (M = Ni, Cu and Co) nanocubes were synthesized through the chemical reflux for supercapacitors application and ceyltrimethylammonium bromide (C-TAB) as surfactant. In X-ray diffraction (XRD) result are fit with relevant JCPDS cards, synthesized materials are closely matched with monoclinic and triclinic crystal phase corresponding to NiWO4, CoWO4 and CuWO4 with Scheelite type struc-ture. To resist the growth of the particles and succeeding nanocubes morphology were achieving by using PEG -400 and C-TAB act as a surfactant. The prepared modified electrodes were examined electrochemical analysis after successive coating of working material in empty Ni foil. From the galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) comparative analysis, fast ions movements are interacts through the aqueous electrolyte medium with nanocubes NiWO4 electrode are achieving specific capacitance of 1185 Fg � 1 at 0.5 Ag-1 and cyclic stability 93.084 % (retentivity) formerly compare to CuWO4 and CoWO4 electrodes.

In the present work, we outlined a simple strategy to prepare a dynamic Gd/CoMoO4 electrode material by robust microwave combustion method and the dopant effects of Gd on host CoMoO4 electrodes for efficient supercapacitors have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectra confirmed the formation of hybrid nanocomposites. The analyzed morphological phenomenon of the samples confirms the pseudo-ellipsoid-shaped nanostructure. Electrochemical tests have been applied in aqueous KOH and redox additive electrolyte in three-electrode configurations for 5

Pyrochlore-structured zinc vanadium oxide with RGO (Zn 2 V 2 O 7 /RGO) composite was synthesized using the simple hydrothermal process for energy storage device fabrication. The structural, vibration spectrum, surface morphology, and elemental of the Zn 2 V 2 O 7 /RGO composite were analyzed using different analytical methods. Then, the electrochemical performance was examined using Zn 2 V 2 O 7 /RGO composite modified electrode with 3electrode and 2 -electrode setup by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge - discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) techniques. Consequently, the Zn 2 V 2 O 7 /RGO composite revealed notable pseudo -capacitive behavior which has been confirmed through CV analysis. The nano size -based Zn 2 V 2 O 7 /RGO composite electrode material obtained notable specific capacitance (Csp) of 1400.51F/g owing to the synergistic promotion of Zinc and vanadium oxides. Furthermore, the ASC device of Zn 2 V 2 O 7 /RGO ||RGO displayed the efficient power density of 1371 kW/kg at the energy density of 8Wh/kg and the device has enhanced cycling performance with 72.8 % capacitance.

With the advancement of technology, there has been a growing demand for high -capacity energy storing devices possessing good durability and cost-effective production. Herein, Ce doped cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) nanocomposites by microwave combustion is prepared and their structural, morphological, spectroscopical and electrochemical behavior are investigated. The beta phase monoclinic structure have been confirmed by XRD analysis. The electrochemical behavior of 5% Ce-CoMoO4 sample shows a specific capacitance value eight times higher than of its undoped CoMoO4 sample. Furthermore, a symmetric 5% Ce-CoMoO4 device displays an energy density of 105.54 Wh kg -1 at 1.7 mA cm -2 current density with 82.06% retention after 5000 continuous chargedischarge cycles. The outcome of the present investigation offers the doping approach enhances the energystoring ability of cobalt molybdate and become an exceptionally promising candidate in the area of energy storage today.

Chemical reflux was used to synthesize a nanocomposite of nitrogen doped rGO and ZnCo2O4. Electrochemical reactions are significantly altered by nitrogen doping. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the crystal structure and phase purity of the produced. N-rGO/ZnCo2O4 nanocomposite. Raman spectra's D and G bands clearly demonstrate a rise in D and a reduction in G band. ZnCo2O4 occupancy on the 2D N-rGO was investigated via SEM analysis. EDAX spectrum was used to investigate elemental compositions. Electrochemical performances of a working electrode made of GO/ZnCo2O4 and N-rGO/ZnCo2O4 were investigated. The cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge specific capacitances of the N-rGO/ZnCo2O4 nanocomposite are respectively 1086.1 and 950 Fg(- 1). After 5000 cycles, retention stability of about 89.6 % was attained. The estimated energy and power densities for N-rGO/ZnCo2O4 are 21 Whkg(-1) and 1500 Wkg(-1). An asymmetric supercapacitor made of N-rGO, ZnCo2O4, and N-rGO was developed, and its electrochemical characteristics were studied.

Spinel structured transition metals oxide GO/NiCo 2 O 4 nanocomposites and nitrogen doped N-rGO/NiCo 2 O 4 nanocomposites were developed. Powder X-ray diffraction investigations confirmed the structure. The bonding vibrations of the produced nanocomposites were confirmed using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. EDX analysis was used to determine the composition and element weights of the nanocomposites. The electrochemical properties of the nanomaterials were measured using 1 M KOH electrolyte. At 5mVs −1 scan rates, cyclic voltammetry revealed a specific capacitance ( C sp ) of 1078.2 Fg −1 for N-rGO/NiCo 2 O 4 . The bare and nanocomposites of NiCo 2 O 4 , GO/NiCo 2 O 4 , and N-rGO/NiCo 2 O 4 specific capacitance, charge-discharge capability, and cyclic stability were investigated. Energy density and power density of the N-rGO/NiCo 2 O 4 nanocomposite were estimated to be 20.4 Wh kg −1 and 1300 W kg −1 , respectively. N-rGO//N-rGO/NiCo 2 O 4 asymmetric supercapacitor device with E d of 14.9 Wh kg −1 and P d of 3500 W kg −1 was fabricated.

The poor rate performance with minimal specific capacitance (Csp) of bismuth molybdate restricts its viable application in high-end supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, bismuth molybdate nanocomposites have been investigated in both pristine and hybrid forms by microwave combustion method to tackle the problem. The prepared pristine and rare earth-doped bismuth molybdate nanocomposites have been investigated by different analytical techniques. In a three-electrode cell configuration, 5% Ce-doped bismuth molybdate nanocomposite electrode showed a Csp of 889.86 F g-1 at 1 mA cm-2 and superior rate performance. Furthermore in a two-electrode cell configuration, a symmetric SC device has been fabricated using pristine and rare earth (Ce and La)-doped bismuth molybdate nanocomposites. The 5% Ce-doped bismuth molybdate symmetric device output a higher Csp of 1092.18 F g-1 at 5 mV s-1 with an energy density of 24.71 Wh kg-1, surpassing the pristine and La-doped bismuth molybdate symmetric devices. These results propose that the doping strategy has the potential to improve the energy-storing capability of bismuth molybdates.

The structural and surface modifications have been studied on the hydrothermally Nitrogen (N) and Sulphur (S) doped and thermally reduced at 350 °C nitrogen-doped, nitrogen-sulfur-doped graphene oxides. Raman spectra confirmed the reduction of graphene oxides by shifts in position and intensity variations of the D and G bands. EDX and mapping images revealed the carbon-oxygen ratio as well as the doping of nitrogen and sulphur into two-dimensional graphene oxide. The electrochemical properties of undoped and doped graphene oxides were investigated using a three-electrode system using a 1 M KOH electrolyte. It shows how doping, and reduction improve current conduction in graphene oxides. The specific capacitance of N,S-rGO after being synthesized and reduced at 350°C was 930 Fg−1 and 1059 Fg−1, respectively, according to cyclic voltammetry results. The N-rGO specific capacitance was found to be similar, with 850 Fg−1 and 891 Fg−1, respectively, for the as prepared and reduced at 350°C. The charge-discharge analysis, cycle stability, and impedances for the applied frequency ranges of undoped and doped graphene oxides for energy storage applications have all been estimated and discussed.

In this study, nickel molybdate nanosphere agglomerates with enhanced electrochemical performance were prepared using a rapid, time-saving, and scalable microwave combustion method by doping with different concentrations of La, and the effect of dopants on their structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties were investigated. Structural analyses demonstrated that the La dopant influenced the phase transformation from alpha-to beta-NiMoO4. The electrochemical behaviors of all samples were tested in 3 M KOH electrolyte. The maximum specific capacitance obtained for 5% La doped NiMoO4 was 1264.64 F g-1 at 1 mA cm-2, which was almost 2.6 times higher than that for the pristine NiMoO4. The higher specific capacitance may have been due to the larger active surface area and greater abundance of reactive sites which depends on the morphological characteristics. A device fabricated with the 5% La doped sample had a maximum specific capacitance of 92.1 F g-1 and an energy density of 25.1 Wh kg- 1 at 1 mA cm-2. The power density of the device was 5.3 kW kg- 1 at a high current density of 25 mA cm-2, and 81.74% was retained after 10,000 cycles, thereby demonstrating the great potential for using this material in high-end energy storage applications.