ABSTRACT TEM-24 (CAZ-6) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was detected in 1988 in Clermont-Ferrand, France, in Klebsiella pneumoniae ( bla TEM-24 ) and Enterobacter aerogenes ( bla TEM-24b ), and since 1994, a TEM-24-producing E. aerogenes clonal strain has been observed elsewhere in the country. To determine if the spread of this clonal strain was restricted to TEM-24-producing E. aerogenes strains, 84 E. aerogenes strains (non-TEM/SHV-producing strains, TEM-1- or -2-producing strains, and different ESBL-producing strains), isolated from 1988 to 1999 in Clermont-Ferrand ( n = 59) and in 11 other French hospitals in 1998 ( n = 25), were studied. A clonal strain was found for TEM-24- but also for TEM-3- and TEM-1- or 2-producing isolates. This study shows that there is a clonal strain dependent on acquisition of the TEM-type enzyme (TEM-24 and other TEM types).

Aims - The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an external apport of protein after a tiring exercise, Surface electromyography was used to evaluated muscular activity.Methods and results - The subjects were lied on the back and performed 3 sets (2 of 10 repetitions and I of 5) isometric contraction of the leg during 20 s. Bipolar surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess the level of electrical activity for vastus lateralis (VL) at 1000 Hz. Integrated electromyography (EMGi) and mean power frequency (MPF) were calculated using the raw signal collected throughout the entire phases. The linear increase of the EMGi was very significant (p < 0.001), is associated with an increase in fiber recruitment and/or motor neurone firing rates.Conclusion - The study show the interest for electromyography to approximate the muscular activity and particularly muscular fatigue. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.