Evaluation of a variety of PDE4 inhibitors in a series of cellular and in vivo assays suggested a strategy to improve the therapeutic index of PDE4 inhibitors by increasing their selectivity for the ability to inhibit PDE4 catalytic activity versus the ability to compete for high affinity [3H]rolipram-binding sites in the central nervous system. Use of this strategy led ultimately to the identification of cis-4-cyano-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxyl ic acid (1, SB 207499, Ariflo), a potent second-generation inhibitor of PDE4 with a decreased potential for side effects versus the archetypic first generation inhibitor, (R)-rolipram.
Members of three classes of pyridinylimidazoles bind with varying affinities to CSBP (p38) kinase which is a member of a stress-induced signal transduction pathway. Based upon SAR and protein homology modeling, the pharmacophore and three potential modes of binding to the enzyme are presented. For a subset of pyridinylimidazoles, binding is shown to correlate with inhibition of CSBP kinase activity, whereas no significant inhibition of PKA, PKC alpha and ERK kinase activity is observed.
As part of an effort to define the pharmacophore and discover the mechanism by which the anti-inflammatory dual cyclooxygenase / 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors SK & F 86002 and SK & F 105809 inhibit IL-1 biosynthesis, a series of substituted 2,4,5-triarylimidazole derivatives were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of IL-1 and 5-lipoxygenase biosynthesis.
Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 696, Issue 1 p. 149-170 Bicyclic Imidazoles as a Novel Class of Cytokine Biosynthesis Inhibitors J. C. LEE, J. C. LEE Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorA. M. BADGER, A. M. BADGER Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorD. E. GRISWOLD, D. E. GRISWOLD Department of Respiratory and Inflammation Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorD. DUNNINGTON, D. DUNNINGTON Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorA. TRUNEH, A. TRUNEH Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorB. VOTTA, B. VOTTA Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorJ. R. WHITE, J. R. WHITE Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorP. R. YOUNG, P. R. YOUNG Department of Molecular Genetics, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorP. E. BENDER, P. E. BENDER Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this author J. C. LEE, J. C. LEE Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorA. M. BADGER, A. M. BADGER Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorD. E. GRISWOLD, D. E. GRISWOLD Department of Respiratory and Inflammation Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorD. DUNNINGTON, D. DUNNINGTON Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorA. TRUNEH, A. TRUNEH Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorB. VOTTA, B. VOTTA Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorJ. R. WHITE, J. R. WHITE Department of Cellular Biochemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorP. R. YOUNG, P. R. YOUNG Department of Molecular Genetics, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this authorP. E. BENDER, P. E. BENDER Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceutical 709 Swedeland Road Post Office Box 1539 King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406Search for more papers by this author First published: November 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb17149.xCitations: 73AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume696, Issue1Immunosuppressive and Anti‐Inflammatory DrugsNovember 1993Pages 149-170 RelatedInformation