Obtaining new data on the polarization observables is the important part of the nucleon–nucleon scattering models’ development. For this purpose, the polarized deuteron beam and the detection setup at the Nuclotron internal target station were used. Counters were mounted in according to pp -elastic scattering kinematics. Relevant events were selected using time and amplitude information from the counters. The polyethylene target was used as the main target. Auxiliary carbon target was used to remove the background. This article presents the results of the vector analyzing power measurement for the proton–proton quasi-elastic scattering at the deuteron beam energies of 200, 500, 550, 650 MeV/nucleon. The obtained results are in a good accordance with the data of other experiments and the partial wave analyzis SP07 SAID predictions.

The deuteron beam vector polarization was obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using the proton–proton quasielastic scattering on the polyethylene target at the beam energies of 200, 500, 550, and 650 MeV/nucleon. The selection of useful events was performed using the time and amplitude information from the scintillation counters. The asymmetry on hydrogen was obtained by the subtraction of the carbon background. The obtained values are compared with the data obtained using the deuteron–proton elastic scattering at the beam energy of 135 MeV/nucleon.

Recent results on the spin effects in deuteron-proton elastic scattering, beam and focal polarimetry using polarized deuteron and proton beams from new polarized ion source at Nuclotron-JINR facility are discussed. The vector $A_y$ and tensor $A_{yy}$ and $A_{xx}$ analyzing powers in deuteron-proton elastic scattering at large transverse momenta obtained at internal target at Nuclotron in the energy range 400-1800 MeV are obtained. These data on the deuteron analyzing powers in the wide energy range demonstrate the sensitivity to the short-range spin structure of the isoscalar nucleon-nucleon correlations. The perspectives of further progress in physics program as well as in the development of the polarimetry and proton spin manipulation techniques are disscussed.

The values of the analyzing power in quasi-elastic proton-proton (pp) scattering are obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using a polarized deuteron beam at an energy of 500 MeV/nucleon and the polyethylene target. The selection of useful events has been performed using the time and amplitude information from scintillation counters. Asymmetry by protons has been obtained by the subtraction of the carbon background from the data accumulated on polyethylene. The analyzing power values are compared with predictions of SAID partial-wave analysis and the data of other experiments.

The deuteron beam vector polarization was obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using proton-proton quasielastic scattering on the polyethylene target at the beam energies of 200, 500, 550, and 650 MeV/nucleon. The proton beam polarization was obtained at the beam energy of 500 MeV. The selection of useful events was performed using the time and amplitude information from the scintillation counters and the subtraction of the carbon background, both for the deuteron and proton beams.

The deuteron beam vector polarization is obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using quasielastic proton–proton scattering on the polyethylene target. The selection of useful events is performed using the time and amplitude information from scintillation counters. The asymmetry on the hydrogen is obtained by the subtraction of the carbon background. The values of vector polarization are obtained at the beam energies of 500 and 650 MeV/nucleon. The obtained values are compared with the data obtained in the deuteron–proton elastic scattering at the beam energy of 135 MeV/nucleon.

Effective cross section and analyzing powers of the elastic dp process are obtained and partially processed in the energy range 200–2000 MeV. The results are compared with a relativistic model of multiple scattering. The deuteron breakup reaction in the region of hundreds of MeV have rich phase space, by scanning, angular and energetic we can learn more about short-range correlations of nucleons or e.g. on non-nucleonic degrees of freedom depending on the selected part of the phase space.

Analyzing power of proton-proton quasi-elastic scattering was obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using a polarized deuteron beam and a polyethylene target. The selection of useful events was performed using the time and amplitude information from scintillation counters. The asymmetry on hydrogen was obtained using the process of the carbon background subtraction. The obtained analyzing power values are compared with the predictions of the partial-wave analysis SAID at the beam energy of 550 MeV/nucleon.

The deuteron beam vector polarization is obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using quasielastic proton–proton scattering on the polyethylene target. The selection of useful events is performed using the time and amplitude information from scintillation counters. The asymmetry on the hydrogen is obtained by the subtraction of the carbon background. The values of vector polarization are obtained at the beam energies of 500 and 650 MeV/nucleon. The obtained values are compared with the data obtained in the deuteron–proton elastic scattering at the beam energy of 135 MeV/nucleon.

The vector analyzing power of quasi-elastic proton–proton scattering is obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using a polarized deuteron beam and a polyethylene target. Useful events are selected on the basis of data from scintillation counters on time and amplitude. The asymmetry on hydrogen is obtained by subtracting the carbon background. Values of the vector analyzing power are obtained at beam energies of 200, 500, 550, and 650 MeV/nucleon. The values are compared to predictions from a SAID partial-wave analysis.

The data on the vector Ay and tensor Ayy and Axx analyzing powers in elastic deuteron–proton scattering at large transverse momenta are presented. These were obtained in the energy range of 400 to 1800 MeV using the internal target at the JINR Nuclotron and the polarized deuteron beam from a new polarized ion source. The new data on the deuteron analyzing powers in a wide energy range demonstrate sensitivity to the spin structure of isoscalar nucleon-nucleon correlations at small distances.

In nuclear collisions the incident protons generate a Coulomb field which acts on produced charged particles. The impact of these interactions on charged-pion transverse-mass and rapidity spectra, as well as on pion–pion momentum correlations is investigated in Au + Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\text {NN}}$$ = 2.4 GeV. We show that the low- $$m_t$$ region ( $$m_t < 0.2$$   GeV/ $$c^2$$ ) can be well described with a Coulomb-modified Boltzmann distribution that also takes changes of the Coulomb field during the expansion of the fireball into account. The observed centrality dependence of the fitted mean Coulomb potential energy deviates strongly from a $$A_{\text {part}}^{2/3}$$ scaling, indicating that, next to the fireball, the non-interacting charged spectators have to be taken into account. For the most central collisions, the Coulomb modifications of the HBT source radii are found to be consistent with the potential extracted from the single-pion transverse-mass distributions. This finding suggests that the region of homogeneity obtained from two-pion correlations coincides with the region in which the pions freeze-out. Using the inferred mean-square radius of the charge distribution at freeze-out, we have deduced a baryon density, in fair agreement with values obtained from statistical hadronization model fits to the particle yields.

In this letter we report the first multi-differential measurement of correlated pion-proton pairs from 2 billion Au+Au collisions at sNN=2.42 GeV collected with HADES. In this energy regime the population of Δ(1232) resonances plays an important role in the way energy is distributed between intrinsic excitation energy and kinetic energy of the hadrons in the fireball. The triple differential d3N/dMπ±pdpTdy distributions of correlated π±p pairs have been determined by subtracting the πp combinatorial background using an iterative method. The invariant-mass distributions in the Δ(1232) mass region show strong deviations from a Breit-Wigner function with vacuum width and mass. The yield of correlated pion-proton pairs exhibits a complex isospin, rapidity and transverse-momentum dependence. In the invariant mass range 1.1

Dp elastic and dp breakup are complementary processes which can give us information about deuteron structure, non-nucleonic degrees of freedom and short range correlations. Both processes are investigated at internal target station of Nuclotron at intermediate energy range; dp elastic process in angular range from 60 $$^{\circ }$$ to 135 $$^{\circ }$$ in c.m. in the energy range from 400 to 2000 MeV; dp breakup reaction in angular range from 19 $$^{\circ }$$ to 56 $$^{\circ }$$ in laboratory system from 300–500 MeV. Results which come from analyzing powers of dp elastic scattering show strong sensitivity to the short range spin structure of the isoscalar nucleon-nucleon correlations. Results of dp breakup process in form of S- curve distribution are discussed.

The aim of the deuteron spin structure (DSS) experiment is to obtain polarization observables in dp elastic scattering and in dp breakup at large CMS angles (> 60°). The dp breakup reaction has been investigated by the scintillation detectors placed at the vicinity of the Internal Target Station (ITS) of Nuclotron. Calibration data have been obtained at the deuteron energy of 300 - 500 MeV. The main goal of this report is to present the calibration procedure of the ΔE - E detectors. Calibration coefficients are used to recover the deposited particle energy.

Adamczewski-Musch, J.; Arnold, O.; Atomssa, E. T.; Behnke, C.; Belounnas, A.; Belyaev, A.; Berger-Chen, J. C.; Biernat, J.; Blanco, A.; Blume, C.; Böhmer, M.; Chernenko, S.; Chlad, L.; Chudoba, P.; Ciepał, I.; Deveaux, C.; Dittert, D.; Dreyer, J.; Epple, E.; Fabbietti, L.; Fateev, O.; Fonte, P.; Franco, C.; Friese, J.; Fröhlich, I.; Galatyuk, T.; Garzón, J. A.; Gernhäuser, R.; Golubeva, M.; Greifenhagen, R.; Guber, F.; Gumberidze, M.; Harabasz, S.; Heinz, T.; Hennino, T.; Höhne, C.; Holzmann, R.; Ierusalimov, A.; Ivashkin, A.; Kämpfer, B.; Kardan, B.; Koenig, I.; Koenig, W.; Kolb, B. W.; Korcyl, G.; Kornakov, G.; Kornas, F.; Kotte, R.; Kuboś, J.; Kugler, A.; Kunz, T.; Kurepin, A.; Kurilkin, A.; Kurilkin, P.; Ladygin, V.; Lalik, R.; Lapidus, K.; Lebedev, A.; Linev, S.; Lopes, L.; Lorenz, M.; Mahmoud, T.; Maier, L.; Malige, A.; Markert, J.; Maurus, S.; Metag, V.; Michel, J.; Mihaylov, D. M.; Mikhaylov, V.; Morozov, S.; Müntz, C.; Münzer, R.; Naumann, L.; Nowakowski, K.; Parpottas, Y.; Pechenov, V.; Pechenova, O.; Petukhov, O.; Pietraszko, J.; Prozorov, A. P.; Przygoda, W.; Ramstein, B.; Rathod, N.; Reshetin, A.; Rodriguez-Ramos, P.; Rost, A.; Sadovsky, A.; Salabura, P.; Scheib, T.; SchmidtSommerfeld, K.; Schuldes, H.; Schwab, E.; Scozzi, F.; Seck, F.; Sellheim, P.; Siebenson, J.; Silva, L.; Sing, U.; Smyrski, J.; Spataro, S.; Spies, S.; Ströbele, H.; Stroth, J.; Strzempek, P.; Sturm, C.; Svoboda, O.; Szala, M.; Tlusty, P.; Traxler, M.; Tsertos, H.; Ungethüm, C.; Vazquez-Doce, O.; Wagner, V.; Wendisch, C.; Wiebusch, M. G.; Wirth, J.; Wójcik, D.; Zanevsky, Y.; Zumbruch, P.;

In the Laboratory of High-Energy Physics, 16-channel prototypes of detectors (with SiPM readout produced by Ketek and Hamamatsu) were developed for their application in zero-degree calorimetry and for measuring the profile of a low-energy neutron beam. This paper presents the method for determining the voltage of the breakpoint of the noise characteristic of silicon photomultipliers in the multichannel detector and its temperature dependence in the range from 27.7°C to 39.1°C. The response of SiPM to the LED source of calibrated light pulses has been studied and the time resolution has been obtained.

Analyzing power in elastic proton-proton scattering was obtained at the Nuclotron Internal Target Station using a polarized deuteron beam and a polyethylene target. The selection of useful events was performed using the time and amplitude information from scintillation counters. The asymmetry on hydrogen was obtained by the subtraction of the carbon background. The obtained analyzing power values are compared with the predictions of the partial-wave analysis SAID at the beam energies of 500 and 650 MeV/nucleon.

The polarization observables are sensitive to the two nucleon (2NF) and three-nucleon structures (3NF) of the nuclei. The aim of the deuteron spin structure (DSS) experiment is to obtain polarization observables in dp elastic scattering at large CMS angles (> 60 degrees) and in dp breakup. Of great importance is the study of polarizations observables in these reactions at intermediate energies because the experimental and theoretical data are very scarce. In this review, results of vector and tensor analyzing powers obtained at JINR Nuclotron at 800 MeV will be presented.