ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare serum leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein-5 (LRFN5) and olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) levels and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) values between hospitalized subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) experiencing acute manic episodes with psychotic features and healthy controls (HCs), and to examine their associations with clinical features and symptom severity.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, participant characteristics and clinical features were assessed by structured clinical interviews. LRFN5 and OLFM4 levels were measured in the BD (n = 37) and HC (n = 35) groups using Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay kit.ResultsSerum LRFN5 (adjusted P = 0.0117) and OLFM4 (adjusted P = 0.0117) levels were significantly lower, whereas AISI (adjusted P = 0.0005) levels were significantly higher in the BD group compared with HCs, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and smoking status. Within the BD group, a strong positive correlation was observed between LRFN5 and OLFM4 levels (r = 0.702, adjusted P = 0.006) and AISI showed a significant positive correlation with manic symptom severity score after controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and smoking status (r = 0.472, adjusted P = 0.030). In binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and smoking status, lower OLFM4 levels (odds ratio (OR) = 0.970, P = 0.020, adjusted P = 0.003) and higher AISI values (OR = 1.008, P = 0.002, adjusted P = 0.001) were independently associated with BD status, alongside smoking status (OR = 19.213, P = 0.005, adjusted P = 0.001) (apparent area under the curve (AUC) = 0.914, optimism-corrected AUC = 0.884). After repeated stratified holdout validation, the mean and median test AUCs were 0.868 and 0.876, respectively.ConclusionsSubjects with BD experiencing acute manic episodes with psychotic features exhibited decreased circulating LRFN5 and OLFM4 levels alongside an increased systemic inflammatory burden, as reflected by AISI. AISI showed the strongest association with BD status and symptom severity and OLFM4 remained significant in adjusted analyses. Rather than indicating definitive diagnostic utility, the observed alterations may instead reflect underlying biological processes related to BD.

Purpose: Nasal polyps are inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal mucosa and may be influenced by microbial factors. Helicobacter pylori and its cagA gene are of interest because of their possible association with mucosal inflammation. This study aimed to detect H. pylori DNA and the cagA gene in nasal polyp tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 45 nasal polyp specimens from patients undergoing surgery. Genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial kit. PCR analysis targeted the glmM gene for H. pylori detection and the cagA gene for assessment of virulence-associated genetic material. Positive and negative controls were included. Demographic variables and PCR positivity rates were evaluated descriptively, and associations with age groups were assessed statistically.Results: All samples were successfully analyzed. The group included 26 men (57.78%) and 19 women (42.22%), aged 15-75 years. glmM-based H. pylori positivity was detected in 19 samples (42.22%), whereas 26 (57.78%) were negative. cagA positivity was found in 16 samples (35.55%), whereas 29 (64.45%) were negative. Although glmM and cagA positivity rates were numerically higher in the 50-59 and 60-75-year age groups, no significant association was found between age group and PCR positivity.Conclusion: PCR analysis demonstrated H. pylori DNA and the cagA gene in a subset of nasal polyp tissues, suggesting a possible association between microbial genetic material and the chronic inflammatory microenvironment. However, PCR positivity alone does not prove viable bacteria, active colonization, or causality. Larger controlled studies integrating molecular, microbiological, and clinical parameters are needed.

Introduction: Recent research indicates that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit distinct intestinal fungal communities compared with healthy individuals. This study examined the relationship among anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA), and Candida spp. colonization to assess their utility in diagnosing IBD, differentiating subtypes, and predicting disease localization. Methodology: Serum samples from 240 patients with IBD and 61 healthy controls were tested for ASCA and p-ANCA using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). Fecal samples were cultured to identify Candida species. Results: ASCA positivity was significantly higher in Crohn’s disease (CD) (61.7%), whereas p-ANCA positivity was more frequent in ulcerative colitis (UC) (51.6%) (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). Fluorescence intensity showed stronger ASCA reactivity in CD and higher p-ANCA intensity in UC. Candida colonization (≥ 5 CFU) was detected in 64.2% of IBD patients, with Candida albicans the most common species. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was detected exclusively in IBD patients (3.7%, p = 0.038). Higher colonization rates were observed in UC with pancolitis (78.9%) and in CD with colonic involvement (80%). ASCA intensity inversely correlated with Candida load in CD (p = 0.021), whereas p-ANCA intensity positively correlated with Candida load in UC (p = 0.038). No significant differences in Candida species diversity were observed between subtypes. Conclusions: These findings support the diagnostic value of ASCA and p-ANCA in distinguishing IBD subtypes and highlight their association with Candida colonization. Further studies are warranted to elucidate fungal antigen–antibody interactions and to refine subtype-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Background Brucellosis is a globally prevalent foodborne zoonotic disease transmitted primarily through the ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products or undercooked meat. While its infectious etiology is well recognized, the metabolic and oxidative stress-related alterations associated with the disease remain insufficiently characterized. Objectives This study aimed to investigate stage-specific changes in serum irisin and nesfatin-1 levels, alongside markers of oxidative stress, in patients with acute, subacute, and chronic brucellosis. Methods A total of 90 patients diagnosed with brucellosis at different clinical stages and 30 healthy controls were included. Serum levels of irisin, nesfatin-1, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI; TOS/TAS ratio) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intergroup comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA and paired t-tests. Results Serum irisin and nesfatin-1 levels were significantly reduced in brucellosis patients compared to controls, with variations dependent on disease stage (p < 0.05). Concurrently, a significant increase in TOS and OSI values and a decrease in TAS levels were observed across all stages of brucellosis (p < 0.05). Conclusions Brucellosis induces distinct alterations in energy-regulating hormones and redox balance, extending beyond its infectious profile. Reduced levels of irisin and nesfatin-1, in parallel with elevated oxidative stress, suggest potential roles for these hormones as biomarkers in disease staging and metabolic monitoring. These findings underscore the need to incorporate hormonal and oxidative profiling into the clinical evaluation of brucellosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate irisin and nesfatin-1 responses across different clinical stages of brucellosis.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine plasma melatonin levels in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) and to evaluate the relationship with substance craving. Methods The study included 30 male patients with MUD receiving inpatient treatment at the Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment and Research Center and 20 healthy male controls. Venous blood samples were collected at 23:00, 02:00 and 06:00 and plasma melatonin levels were measured by ELISA. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Substance craving scale (SCS) were administered. Results Melatonin levels at 23:00, 02:00, and 06:00 were significantly lower in the MUD group (p < 0.001). In the MUD group, melatonin levels rose across the night and peaked at 06:00. Melatonin levels of all blood samples showed a significant negative correlation with SCS scores. Conclusions These findings indicate that melatonin levels are reduced in MUD patients and this may be related to substance craving. Melatonin may serve as a biomarker in circadian irregularity associated with addiction.

Objectives: Urinary system infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections affecting the pediatric age group. We aim to show the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and select the most appropriate antibiotherapy in the pediatric age group. Also, we wanted to determine signs and symptoms, predisposing factors, and imaging findings in UTIs. Material and Methods: In this study, the Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital health registry system was screened retrospectively to obtain data about the results of urinalysis, urine culture tests, and urinary imaging findings of patients, who presented to the pediatric nephrology clinic with signs and symptoms of UTI between January 2020 and September 2021. The study population consisted of children aged 1 month to 18 years. Results: The study sample included 191 patients. Antimicrobial resistance of E. coli was seen at the highest level to ampicillin (55%), followed by amoxicillin (42%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (36%), and cefuroxime (35%). The antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae was seen most frequently in patients treated with ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (50%), ceftazidime (31%), and nitrofurantoin (31%). The antimicrobial resistance of Proteus mirabilis was seen mostly in cases that received nitrofurantoin (88%), and TMP-SMX (55%). Enterobacter aerogenes demonstrated minimal antimicrobial sensitivity to ampicillin (66%), amoxicillin (33%), and nitrofurantoin (33%) in decreasing order of frequency. Conclusions: The rate of resistance to ampicillin is very high in Klebsiella pneumoniae and in Enterobacter spp and rates of antimicrobial resistance to cephalosporin, TMP-SMX, and nitrofurantoin are increasing. The rational use of antibiotics is a globally important issue.

Ochrobactrum anthropi, previously known as "Achromobacter group Vd", is a gram-negative, non-lactose-fermenting, obligate aerobic, indole-negative, oxidase-positive, urease-positive, motile bacillus. In recent years, it has emerged as a nosocomial infection agent especially in central venous catheters in both immunosuppressed and immunocompromised individuals. In this case report, a 56-year-old female patient who underwent dialysis for two days a week due to chronic kidney failure and had O. anthropi isolated in blood culture samples taken after fever increased is presented. In conclusion, it should be kept in mind that unusual microorganisms such as catheter-related O. anthropi may appear as causative agents in patients undergoing dialysis due to renal failure.

Purpose: Monocyte/HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) is a novel inflammatory marker that is used as a prognostic factor for cardiovascular diseases and has been studied in many diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of inflammatory factors in schizophrenia patients by examining MHR levels and to compare schizophrenia patients and healthy controls in terms of cardiovascular disease risk. Method: A total of 135 participants between the ages of 18–65, 85 diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 50 healthy individuals in the control group were included in this cross-sectional study. Venous blood samples were taken from the participants and CBC parameters and lipid profiles were analyzed. The sociodemographic and clinical data form and positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) were administered to all participants. Results: Although monocyte levels were significantly higher in the patient group, HDL-C levels were lower at significant levels. MHR was found to be higher in the patient group compared to the control group at significant levels. When compared to the control group, total cholesterol, triglyceride, WBC, neutrophil, basophil, and platelet levels were higher in the patient group at significant levels, and RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were significantly lower. Conclusion: The elevated MHR in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to our understanding that inflammation plays important roles in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Additionally, knowing the levels of MHR and considering the recommendations, such as diet and exercise, in the treatment approaches made us think that it might be beneficial in protecting schizophrenia patients against cardiovascular diseases and early death.

In this study, we measured the levels of depression and cognition in people recovering from COVID-19. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and cognition levels by measuring homocysteine concentrations. It included 62 people recovering from COVID-19 (at least 3 months after positive RT-PCR) and 64 people without COVID-19 (control group). At first, the homocysteine levels of participants were measured. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were performed to collect data. Homocysteine levels of the group recovering from COVID-19 (x− = 19.065 µmol/L) were higher than the control group (x− = 11.313 µmol/L). There was no significant difference between the groups for BDI scores. The MoCA scores of the group recovering from COVID-19 (x− = 20.774) were lower than the control group (x− = 24.297). There was a negative high (r = –0.705, p < 0.001) correlation between homocysteine levels and MoCA scores. Linear regression analysis is shown to be significant, and the MoCA explanatory value of the variables in the model is 58.6% (p < 0.0001). A 1 µmol/L observed increase in homocysteine level constituted a risk for a 0.765-point decrease in MOCA scores. In patients recovering from COVID-19, early interventions to high homocysteine levels may prevent cognitive impairments that may persist in the long term.

Background: In our study, antibody positivity was evaluated by two methods in vaccinated and unvaccinated people according to their demographic characteristics and history of COVID-19. Methods: In this study, venous blood samples were taken from patients who were requested to have COVID-19 antibodies from our hospital's outpatient clinics between February 2022 and March 2022. Results: There was no statistically significant difference when IgG antibody positivity was compared according to the age ranges in chemiluminescence and immunochromatographic methods. When patients were evaluated according to antibody titers, it was found that 81% of the seronegative patients were unvaccinated and had not had Covid-19, and it was found that this group was statistically significant compared to other groups. Conclusions: It has been concluded that it will be of great importance for every country, even every region, to have a test and vaccine policy for diagnosis and follow-up in the fight against COVID-19.

In this study, we aimed to measure the oxytocin levels of patients with schizophrenia who were involved in crime. A total of 130 people (50 patients with schizophrenia who had been involved in crime, 40 patients with schizophrenia who had not been involved in crime and 40 healthy controls) were included in the study. Serum oxytocin levels of all participants were measured. The oxytocin levels of the schizophrenia group involved in crime were lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.001). In patients with schizophrenia, the oxytocin levels of patients negatively correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score (r = -0.339, p = 0.016 < 0.05) and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) total score (r = -0.551, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with the Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy (ACME) total score (r = 0.699, p < 0.001) and Heartland Forgiveness Scale (HFS) total score (r = 0.682, p < 0.001). Those who committed murder had lower oxytocin levels than those who committed other crimes (p < 0.05). In patients with schizophrenia, early measurement of oxytocin levels and the addition of oxytocin to the treatment may be beneficial.

In this study, we aimed to measure the melatonin levels in COVID-19 positive patients and to investigate the relationship of these levels with depression, death anxiety and insomnia. COVID-19 positive pneumonia group, COVID-19 negative pneumonia group and healthy control groups were included in the study. Melatonin ELISA kit was used. Blood samples were taken at 23:00 h (h), 02:00 h and 06:00 h. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were employed to collect data from the participants. The melatonin levels of COVID-19 positive patients at 23:00 h were lower than the control group. In addition, and the melatonin levels of COVID-19 positive patients at 02:00 h and at 06:00 h were lower than both the COVID-19 negative patient group and the control group. It was observed that the peak melatonin concentration of COVID-19 positive patients occurred at 06:00 h. BDI, TDAS and ISI scores of COVID-19 positive patients were higher than other groups. There was a negative correlation between BDI, TDAS, ISI scores of COVID-19 positive patients and their melatonin levels. The correlation between all scale scores and melatonin levels was higher at 02:00 h. Adding melatonin to the treatment of COVID-19 positive patients may be beneficial for these patients experiencing high levels of depression, anxiety and insomnia.

Abstract Objectives Believing that a neurodevelopmental pathology may cause bipolar affective disorder (BAD), we aimed to measure the concentrations of α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGAL), a lysosomal enzyme. Methods The study included 32 patients with BAD and 32 healthy controls. The Young Mania Rating Scale was used to measure the severity of the disease. Serum α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase concentrations were measured in all blood samples using the human α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase ELISA Kit. Results A statistically significant difference was found in the α-NAGAL values between the groups. The mean α-NAGAL values of BAD patients are lower than the mean α-NAGAL values of the control group. A strong negative and statistically significant relationship was found between the α-NAGAL values of patients with BAD and their Young Mania Rating Scale scores. And a positive strong correlation was found between the age of onset of the disease and α-NAGAL levels. Conclusions Low α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase concentrations may cause the accumulation of some glycoproteins in the lysosomes in the brain during the gestational period, producing the clinical symptoms of BAD. α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency may not be the only cause of BAD, but it may be an important factor in the aetiology of this disease.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, pandemi öncesi (PÖ) (1 Mart 2019- 29 Şubat 2020) yoğun bakım ünitelerinde ve servislerde tedavi olan hastalar ile pandemi döneminde (PD) (1 Mart 2020-1 Mart 2021) COVID-19 yoğun bakım ünitelerinde ve servislerinde tedavi olan hastaların klinik örneklerinden izole edilen kandida izolatları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. PD’deki kandida türlerinin ve antifungal duyarlılıklarının PÖ’ne göre değişimini irdelemek ve ülkemizdeki epidemiyolojik verilere katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: Kandida türlerinin identifikasyonu ve tür tanımlanması, konvansiyonel yöntemler ve otomatize VITEK 2 (Biomerieux, Fransa) sistemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Albicans dışı kandida izolatlarının tür tanımları MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Almanya) otomatize sistemi ile doğrulanmıştır. Antifungal duyarlılıklar gradient test stripleri (BioMérieux E test, Fransa) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Pandemi öncesi dönemde laboratuvarımıza gelen klinik örneklerin 147’sinde (%4.7), PD’de ise 162’sinde (%6.5) kandida üremesi tespit edilmiştir. PD’de PÖ’ne göre, C. glabrata ve C. tropicalis türlerinde artış, C. kefyr ve C. parapsilosis türlerinde düşüş gözlenmiştir. C. ciferrii, C. dubliniensis, C. sphaerica ve C. zeylanoides sadece PD’de izole edilmiştir. PD’de C. albicans’ın, amfoterisin B, anidulafungin ve vorikonazol duyarlılıklarının azaldığı, flukonazol, flusitozin ve mikafungin duyarlılıklarının arttığı gözlenmiştir. C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis izolatlarında, PÖ’e göre PD’de amfoterisin B, anidilafungin ve kapsofungin duyarlılıklarında azalma gözlenmiştir. Sonuç: COVID-19 hastalarında özellikle hastanede yatış süresinin uzaması ve tedavisi süresince yüksek düzey steroid kullanımına bağlı olarak gelişen sekonder kandida enfeksiyonlarında pandemi öncesi döneme göre artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Verilerimiz, bildirilen diğer benzer çalışmalarla uyumlu olarak albicans dışı kandidalarda, özellikle C. glabrata ve C. tropicalis türlerindeki artışı ortaya koymuştur. Kandida türlerindeki ekinokandin ve amfoterisin B duyarlılığındaki azalma akılcı antifungal kullanımının gerekliliğini düşündürmektedir. Kandida türleri ve antifungal duyarlılıklarının değişiminin belirli aralıklarla güncellenip sunulması klinisyenlerin ampirik antifungal tedavi yaklaşımı açısından önem arzetmektedir.

In this study, the purpose was to investigate the demographic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) cases that were treated in our hospital during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It was also investigated whether the patients hospitalized with a provisional diagnosis of CCHF who tested negative for CCHF PCR were infected with COVID-19. In our study, data (epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, prognosis) from 38 patients diagnosed with CCHF through reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral-RNA and/or Immunoglobulin M antibodies using ELISA between May 2020 and November 2022 were investigated retrospectively. Of all the patients, 23 were CCHF PCR (+) and 15 were CCHF PCR (-).15 (65.2%) of PCR (+) patients and 9 (60%) of PCR (-) patients were engaged in farming. 65.2% of PCR (+) and 26.7% of PCR (-) patients presented with a history of tick bites. 21 (91.3%) of PCR (+) and 12 (80%) of PCR (-) patients had a history of rural living. Among the PCR (+) patients, 65.2%, 17.4%, and 17.4% received treatment for CCHF in 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively. 87% of PCR (+) and 60% of PCR (-) patients were discharged after full recovery. The most common symptoms were fever, diffuse body ache, weakness, and headache. Significant differences were found between PCR (+) and PCR (-) patients in terms of leukocytes, LDH, INR, NEU, PLT, fibrinogen, and NLR values. 3 patients hospitalized with a provisional diagnosis of CCHF tested negative for CCHF PCR and positive for COVID-19 PCR. Thoracic CT, clinical, and laboratory findings of these patients showed no differences from the other patients. The possibility of misdiagnosis should be considered in CCHF and COVID-19 infections due to their similar symptoms and indications. Extensive multicentric studies need to be conducted to investigate the causes of the increased number of CCHF cases during the pandemic.

Amaç: Hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonlar arasında yer alan yara enfeksiyonları az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için büyük bir sağlık sorunudur. Çalışmamızda yara enfeksiyonuna neden olan etkenler ve bu etkenlerin antibakteriyel duyarlılığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak 1290 yara sürüntü örneği değerlendirildi. Etken olarak düşündüğümüz mikroorganizmaların tür düzeyinde tanımlanmaları, antibakteriyel duyarlılıkları konvansiyonel ve VITEK-2 otomatize sistem ile çalışıldı. Bulgular: Örneklerin 505’inde bakteriler, 16’sında mantarlar etken olarak izole edildi. İzole edilen bakteriyel etkenlerin; %60’ını Gram negatif bakteriler, %40’ını Gram pozitif bakteriler oluşturuyordu. Bakteriyel etkenler içinde en sık izole edilen bakteri 143 (%28.31) örnekle Staphylococcus aureus bunu 121 (%24) örnekle Escherichia coli, 47 (%9.30) örnekle Acinetobacter baumannii, 46 (%9.10) örnekle Pseudomonas aeruginosa takip etti. Bu mikroorganizmaların en sık izole edildikleri servislere göre dağılımı ise; Staphylococcus aureus polikliniklerden, Escherichia coli ve Pseudomonas aeruginosa yatan hasta servislerinden, Acinetobacter baumanii yoğun bakım ünitelerinden saptandı. Staphylococcus aureus’ların 61 (%42.65)’i metisiline dirençli bulunurken tigesiklin, vankomisin ve linezolid’e direnç saptanmadı. Escherichia coli’de en fazla direnç 111 (%91.73) hasta ile ampisiline karşı görüldü, 118 (%97.52) hasta ile imipenem ve meropenem en duyarlı oldukları antibakteriyeller olarak saptandı. Acinetobacter baumanii’ye karşı antibakteriyellerin hepsinde yüksek direnç saptanırken kolistine karşı direnç saptanmadı. Pseudomonas aeruginosa’da en fazla direnç sefepim ve imipeneme karşı 14 (%29.78) hastada saptanırken, kolistine karşı direnç saptanmadı. Sonuç: İzole edilen mikroorganizmaların ve antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi, ampirik tedavilere yön verebilmek, hekimlerin kontrollü ve akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı konusunda bilinçlenmesini sağlayacaktır.

Objectives: Although the broth microdilution method (BMD) is recommended in determining colistin resistance, the search for alternative methods continues. We aimed to determine the effectiveness in detecting colistin sensitivity by comparing the liquid microdilution method, which is the gold standard method for colistin susceptibility testing, and the Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan WalkAway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA) automated systems, which are the commercial BMD methods. Methods: For this purpose, 100 multidrug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumanii were tested for colistin susceptibility. Antibiotic susceptibility results were compared with broth microdilution, Sensititre™ microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), Phoenix™ 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan Walkaway™ (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results: According to the criteria set by International Organization of Standardization (ISO), categorical agreement, major error, and very large error rates were not found in acceptable performance when the Phoenix and Sensitizer microdilution methods were compared with the gold standard method BMD. In addition, we determined that the categorical agreement (97%), major error (1%), and very large error (2%) rates of the MicroScan Walkaway method were acceptable. Conclusion: Since BMD is not a practical method, its use is not preferred. Simple and accurate phenotypic detection methods to determine colistin resistance in routine microbiology laboratories have not yet been defined. Although different results were obtained in different studies, MicroScan Walkaway provided the necessary criteria for the method acceptance in our study. Keywords: colistin, Acinetobacter baumannii, broth microdilution, sensititre, automated systems

Amaç: Çalışmamızda, 1 Mart 2019 -29 Şubat 2020 tarihleri pandemi öncesi (PÖ) ve 1 Mart 2020-1 Mart 2021 pandemi döneminde (PD) Elâzığ Fethi Sekin Şehir Hastanesi, Yoğun Bakım Üniteleri (YBÜ)'nden laboratuvarımıza gönderilen kan

Objectives: Although the broth microdilution method (BMD) is recommended in determining colistin resistance, the search for alternative methods continues. We aimed to determine the effectiveness in detecting colistin sensitivity by comparing the liquid microdilution method, which is the gold standard method for colistin susceptibility testing, and the SensititreTM microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), PhoenixTM 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan WalkAwayTM (Beckman Coulter, USA) automated systems, which are the commercial BMD methods.Methods: For this purpose, 100 multidrug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumanii were tested for colistin susceptibil-ity. Antibiotic susceptibility results were compared with broth microdilution, SensititreTM microdilution (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), PhoenixTM 100 (Becton Dickinson, USA), and MicroScan WalkawayTM (Beckman Coulter, USA).Results: According to the criteria set by International Organization of Standardization (ISO), categorical agreement, major error, and very large error rates were not found in acceptable performance when the Phoenix and Sensitizer microdilution methods were compared with the gold standard method BMD. In addition, we determined that the categorical agreement (97%), major error (1%), and very large error (2%) rates of the MicroScan Walkaway method were acceptable. Conclusion: Since BMD is not a practical method, its use is not preferred. Simple and accurate phenotypic detection methods to determine colistin resistance in routine microbiology laboratories have not yet been defined. Although different results were obtained in different studies, MicroScan Walkaway provided the necessary criteria for the method acceptance in our study.