With the imperative to combat climate change and achieve net-zero targets by 2050, the construction industry faces growing pressure to adopt sustainable practices and reduce carbon emissions. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which constitute the majority of the industry, often lack the resources and expertise to make this transition effectively. This paper investigates how off-site construction SMEs can implement actions to achieve net-zero carbon emissions, focusing on the integration of sustainable practices through Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Lean principles within a small off-site construction company. Using an action research approach, the study employed iterative cycles of planning, action, and reflection. Data collection included carbon footprint assessments, process mapping, stakeholder interviews, and workshops. The analysis identified inefficiencies that informed targeted interventions, such as enhancing in-house capabilities and digitalising processes to streamline operations and improve monitoring. Collaborative engagement ensured that solutions were both technically feasible and economically viable. The findings highlight the potential of Lean principles and BIM in advancing net-zero goals. The research offers valuable insights for SMEs, highlighting the critical role of collaborative and innovative approaches in driving net-zero transformation.

Social housing projects (SHPs) have major social and economic importance in many developing countries, including Brazil. For this reason, it is important to assess the benefits of housing projects in terms of achieving housing programme goals. However, most postoccupancy evaluations (POE) have focused on product attributes without consideration of value generation from the perspective of the users. Indeed, previous studies in Brazil have highlighted numerous cases of SHPs failing to meet the population’s needs. The aim of this research was to develop a POE method for assessing the effectiveness of housing programmes in generating value, examining both the quality of the built environment and the achievement of project goals. This method was based on the means-end value chain conceptual model, which has been widely applied in the field of marketing. Design science research, the methodological approach adopted in this investigation, divided this study approach into five phases: (1) understanding the context of SHPs in Brazil, (2) development of data collection instruments, (3) evaluation of three SHPs, (4) comparison of the results and discussion and (5) assessment of the proposed method and reflection. The main contribution of this research is the development of a POE method that provides a comprehensive assessment that is not limited to product attributes. The method also introduces several innovations compared to traditional POE processes, namely: (1) adaptation of the means-end value chain to the context of social housing, (2) involvement of different stakeholders in the evaluation process (e.g., social workers and technical staff from funding bodies), in addition to end users, (3) flexibility for assessing projects from different housing programmes and (4) the definition of a set of constructs that are relevant for evaluating SHPs in the Brazilian context.

BackgroundExisting literature highlights the crucial role of Healthcare Built Environments (HBEs) in generating value and shaping service experiences. HBEs must fulfil their intended purpose during the operational phase of construction projects to generate value. Additionally, many design requirements for facilities are shaped by the needs of clinical and support services, as well as those of users. Therefore, understanding value generation requires considering the dynamic interdependence between physical space and service needs. However, previous studies have not thoroughly explored these relationships, leaving a critical research gap.ObjectiveIt aims to propose a method to understand value generation in HBEs by examining the relationships between built environment attributes and healthcare service delivery, from the perspectives of multiple user groups.MethodDesign Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation. Two empirical studies were undertaken in different hospitals.ResultsThe primary output is the i3 method, a novel approach for understanding value generation in HBEs. It integrates the laddering technique, which is based on the means-end chain conceptual model, with additional sources of data, such as design documents, interviews with stakeholders, and direct observations of the HBEs.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of analyzing the interactions between the HBE and services, revealing opportunities to enhance value generation. The hierarchical value maps generated through the i3 method offer a structured approach to support design decision-making. The i3 method helps identify overlooked constructs and relationships, such as the need for HBE adaptability to address service changes or respond to unforeseen service demands.

Achieving net-zero requires an integrated approach to energy efficiency throughout a building’s life cycle. Energy consumption can be optimised and carbon emissions can be reduced when utilising smart technologies. This paper explores the role of smart home technology in achieving net-zero home goals, by synthesising existing literature on smart energy, user behaviour, and sustainable building strategies. A rapid evidence review is conducted to identify technologies that support net-zero through smart home systems. Key findings indicate that while smart homes can significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption and carbon footprints, challenges such as limited public awareness, data privacy concerns and policy barriers hinder their widespread adoption. The research demonstrates the need for further empirical studies on user engagement, cost-benefit models and policy frameworks to facilitate the integration of smart home technologies into decarbonising homes, therefore accelerating the transition to net-zero.

More than 30 years ago, early researchers examining gender representation in the American workforce called the construction industry a “non-traditional field” for working women. Despite the plethora of research and practice efforts over the intervening decades, the industry is still defined as a “non-traditional field” by contemporary measures. Researchers have proposed various tools for achieving the required social change to fix gender segregation in construction, including include patching hypothesised leaks in the education-to-work pipeline. This paper calls for a systematic inspection of the whole pipeline to investigate leaks in the education and career segments through root-cause analysis. International education and industry data from Australia, the USA, the UK and Brazil were comparatively analysed through a gendered lens. The findings shed light on the cross-sectorial approaches needed for systemic social change in the construction industry, which has historically been called “non-inclusive,” “unsafe for women,” a “white boys club,” “masculine” and “homogenous.”

This paper discusses knowledge sharing through scenario development as applied in the interdisciplinary and international research project uVITAL. It focused on user-oriented upgrading of the social housing stock. The aim was to gain deeper insights into the specificities and commonalities of the four country case studies involved. Two online workshops, which included various steps for scenario development, were particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic when face-to-face exchanges were not possible. A Miro whiteboard was very useful as a technical communication and collaboration tool. This paper outlines the benefits and challenges of scenario development to facilitate communication and collaboration between researchers from different disciplines and national and cultural backgrounds, particularly in online and hybrid settings. The well-structured process of scenario development was an important step in the project, moving from passive to active knowledge sharing. This included issues of content, geographical and cultural diversity and methodological openness.

Globally, the construction industry is a key contributor to the gross domestic product. However, compared to the gender diversity performance of the workforce in the world economy, historically, construction has been performing significantly poorly. Literature argued that these consistently poor performances in diversity, equity and inclusion were causing leaks in the education and career pipeline. However, a systematic investigation with evidence base was lacking. In this vacuum, the proposed study aims to explore the evolution of gender dynamics within the construction sector in Australia, United States, United Kingdom, and Brazil through quantitative evidence. This study collected industry gender representation data, gender pay gaps and tertiary degrees conferred from government agencies in four countries: Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and Brazil. Quantitative data analysis was conducted with an exploration of factual figures, significant trajectories and fluctuations. Results were explored to understand local jurisdictions' possible causal relationships and interventions. Delving into findings from the education pipeline revealed declining trends and alarming opportunities for the education institutions to take a lead role in moving from a "challenge leaky pipeline" towards a "shared solution space" through international cross-sectorial collaborations with the paradigm shift in the construction industry with the emerging fifth industrial revolution.

In the modular construction, the range of customization options is limited compared to traditional construction, which can be seen as a negative aspect. Different customization strategies can be adopted by companies, but the choice of the appropriate strategy is related to the technologies used in the operational process, with emphasis on the design and production stages. This study aims to compare the technologies used in the design, production and exchange of information in the development of customized housing in modular construction companies in Brazil and England. To achieve that, three case studies were conducted in English modular construction companies operating in the residential sector. The results of the case studies were compared with the literature on technologies used by Brazilian companies. It was noted that English companies, regardless of their size and type of customization offered, use Revit software to develop the design, and communication between different designers is done via cloud computing. However, communication between designers and production is often done on paper, which leads to errors. The machinery used on the shop floor varies between companies. The results found are similar to the Brazilian reality. It was noted that companies do not make use of all available potential; however, larger companies that are able to perform mass customization invest more in technologies for control and integration between operations. To ensure greater productivity and efficient use of technologies, companies should adopt mass customization.

Investigating the implications of integrating building information modeling (BIM) with claims management and the consequent effect on quantity surveying practices is essential for advancing digitalization and for avoidance of disputes in construction. Based on primary semistructured interviews with eight construction professionals in the UK and 48 peer-reviewed articles (secondary data), BIM's potential to enhance collaboration, improve cost estimation, and streamline claims management processes using text mining was studied. Text mining collocation analysis was applied using RStudio to elicit BIM and claims management concepts. The findings suggested that although BIM integration offers considerable benefits, challenges—such as resistance to change, lack of standardization, and the need for continuous upskilling—may hinder its full implementation. These findings contribute to the emerging need for as-built intelligent BIM with claims management operations in the construction industry from a theoretical perspective. BIM's potential to redefine the role of construction professionals such as quantity surveyors may engender a collaborative construction sector because of the efficiency it brings to the construction industry.

Upgrading existing social housing (SH) requires user-centred participatory processes to promote values. Comparative case studies in Brazil, Germany, the Netherlands, and the UK are presented. Living Labs (LLs) were conducted for the delivery of user values and to promote an informed decision-making process. Tools and LL activities were tested to engage stakeholders in the upgrading process, support the co-creation of solutions and address social and societal challenges. The main research aims were to facilitate SH upgrading processes focusing on the delivery of value for users, achieving end-user empowerment, as well as assessing participatory decision-making through LLs. Research goals were achieved in each case study setting. The evaluation of specific cases informed a conceptual framework and guidelines to facilitate upgrading through LLs in varied SH landscapes.

Chapter 6 Building Information Modeling and Lean Construction Lauri KOSKELA, Lauri KOSKELA School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorSaeed TALEBI, Saeed TALEBI School of Engineering and Built Environment, Birmingham City University, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorAlgan TEZEL, Algan TEZEL College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorPatricia TZORTZOPOULOS, Patricia TZORTZOPOULOS School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author Lauri KOSKELA, Lauri KOSKELA School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorSaeed TALEBI, Saeed TALEBI School of Engineering and Built Environment, Birmingham City University, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorAlgan TEZEL, Algan TEZEL College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorPatricia TZORTZOPOULOS, Patricia TZORTZOPOULOS School of Arts and Humanities, University of Huddersfield, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author Régine Teulier, Régine TeulierSearch for more papers by this authorMarie Bagieu, Marie BagieuSearch for more papers by this author Book Author(s):Régine Teulier, Régine TeulierSearch for more papers by this authorMarie Bagieu, Marie BagieuSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 December 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394264933.ch6 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary The recognition of the connection between building information modeling (BIM) and Lean Construction is relatively recent. This chapter provides an overview and analysis on the connection between BIM and Lean. It discusses the contributions of BIM to Lean, respectively, in design, construction and facilities maintenance. Immersive technologies such as virtual reality/mixed reality are more frequently used with BIM in client and stakeholder engagement for the communication of design intent, requirement capture as well as coordination and verification through advanced visualization. The use of BIM for Lean Construction efforts has been widening in the construction phase of the project lifecycle. One of the prominent Lean techniques where the interaction with BIM is apparent is the Last Planner System for construction planning and control. The visualization capacity of BIM offers new avenues for maintaining the information flow and creating transparency in construction processes across different disciplines and organizational levels. References Abanda , F.H. , Tah , J.H.M. , Cheung , F.K.T. ( 2017 ). 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Objectives, Purpose, or Aim: The aim of this article is to contribute to the better design of wayfinding systems by explicating the indexical properties of directional arrows and their consequences for wayfinding behavior. Background: The challenges associated with designing for the wayfinding needs of the different groups of users continue to be documented with the poor design of built environments being largely to blame for the wayfinders' inability to navigate complex settings. Directional arrows have been found to be especially problematic in such settings. Methods: Ethnographic data were collected and analyzed over a period of 3 years in three overlapping phases. The unique adequacy requirement of methods, which stipulates that the methods used to produce a description of a situation should originate from the situation they describe, was adopted. Results: Directional arrows derive their meaning from the position they occupy within the physical environment and from three sources: the spatial configuration of the setting, the positioning of the sign within the setting, and the directional arrow itself. The affordance closest to the sign will be taken as the one which the sign refers to. Wayfinders treat that affordance as being indicated by the arrow until such time as it becomes apparent that it is not. Conclusions: In response to the need to find lasting solutions to the enduring problems of wayfinding, this article demonstrates how better design of wayfinding systems can be achieved by explicating the indexical properties of directional arrows and their consequences for wayfinding behavior.

Visual Management (VM) is a communication strategy in which a visual workplace for closerange communication is created by using easy-to-understand sensory devices. It is adopted to increase process transparency and self-management capacity. VM discussions have been mostly device-centred to date, being concerned with the development of new devices, or understanding the impact of different VM attributes for different purposes. Explorations of VM as a strategy have been limited. This paper outlines the key elements of one part of an overall VM strategy, namely the implementation strategy (i.e., planning, introducing, executing, monitoring, and controlling, maintaining, and improving, and removing). It is based on an empirical study on the use of a specific type of VM device (i.e., digital whiteboards) at an infrastructure engineering design and consultancy company in the UK. The main sources of evidence were surveys with key representatives of the company and participant observation in the development and implementation of the device. Findings indicate that adopting VM through a systematic implementation strategy with coherent plans and actions is important to enable its successful application. Moreover, some future research opportunities are pointed out, such as to expand and evaluate the definitions proposed, and to test them in different contexts and device types.