International Journal of Gynecology & ObstetricsVolume 13, Issue 1 p. 1-5 Article Suppression of Established Puerperal Lactation with 2-Br-alpha-Ergocryptine Methane Sulphonate (CB 154) M. Seppälä, M. Seppälä Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki 29Search for more papers by this authorO. Ylinen, O. Ylinen Midwifery Institute, Helsinki 61, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorV. Sternthal, V. Sternthal Medical-Biological Research Department, Sandoz, Ltd., Basle, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorK. Soiva, K. Soiva Midwifery Institute, Helsinki 61, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Vara, P. Vara Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki 29Search for more papers by this author M. Seppälä, M. Seppälä Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki 29Search for more papers by this authorO. Ylinen, O. Ylinen Midwifery Institute, Helsinki 61, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorV. Sternthal, V. Sternthal Medical-Biological Research Department, Sandoz, Ltd., Basle, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorK. Soiva, K. Soiva Midwifery Institute, Helsinki 61, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Vara, P. Vara Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki 29Search for more papers by this author First published: January 1975 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1879-3479.1975.tb00324.xCitations: 4 Address for reprints: M. Seppälä Dept. II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Central Hospital SF-00290 Helsinki 61 Finland AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat ABSTRACT Seppälä, M., Ylinen, O., Sternthal, V., Soiva, K. and Vara, P. (Dept. II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Midwifery Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Medical-Biological Research Department, Sandoz, Ltd., Basle, Switzerland). References 1Besser, G. M., Parke, L., Edwards, C. R. W., Forsyth, I. A. & McNeilly, A. S.: Galactorrhoea: Successful treatment with reduction of plasma prolactin levels by brom-ergocryptine. Br Med J 3: 669, 1972. 10.1136/bmj.3.5828.669 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2Billeter, E. & Flückiger, E.: Evidence for a luteolytic function of prolactin in the intact cyclic rat using 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (CB 154). Experientia 27: 464, 1971. 10.1007/BF02137315 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3Brun del Re, R., del Pozo, E., de Grandi, P., Friesen, H., Hinselmann, M. & Wyss, H.: Prolactin inhibition and suppression of puerperal lactation by a Br-ergocryptine (CB 154): A comparison with estrogen. Obstet Gynecol 41: 884, 1973. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4Copinschi, G., L'Hermite, M., Pasteels, J. L. & Robyn, C.: 2-Bromo-α-ergocryptine (CB 154) inhibition of prolactin secretion and galactorrhoea in a case of pituitary tumour. Gynecol Invest 2: 128, 1971/1972. 10.1159/000301857 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5Daniel, D. G., Cambell, H. & Turnbull, A. C.: Puerperal thromboembolism and suppression of lactation. Lancet 2: 287, 1967. 10.1016/S0140-6736(67)90117-1 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6del Pozo, E., Brun del Re, R., Varga, L. & Friesen, H.: The inhibition of prolactin secretion in man by CB-154 (2-Br-α-ergocryptine). J Clin Endocrinol 35: 768, 1972. 10.1210/jcem-35-5-768 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7del Pozo, E., Friesen, H. & Burmeister, P.: Endocrine profile of a specific prolactin inhibitor: Br-Ergocryptine (CB 154). Schweiz Med Wochenschr 103: 847, 1973. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8Flückiger, E. & Wagner, H. R.: 2-Br-α-Ergokryptin: Beeinflussung von Fertilität und Laktation bei der Ratte. Experientia 24: 1130, 1968. 10.1007/BF02147804 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9Flückiger, E., Lutterbeck, P. M., Wagner, H. R. & Billeter, E.: Antagonism of 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine-methansulphonate (CB 154) to certain endocrine actions of centrally active drugs. Experientia 28: 924, 1972. 10.1007/BF01924949 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10Foukas, M. D.: An antigalactogenic effect of pyridoxine. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 80: 718, 1973. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1973.tb16057.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 11Hodge, C.: Suppression of lactation by stilboestrol. Lancet 2: 286, 1967. 10.1016/S0140-6736(67)90116-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12Jaszmann, L. & Sternthal, V.: Fortschritt in der Behandlung des Galaktorrhoe-Amenorrhoe-Syndroms: Ovulationsauslösung und Hemmung der Milchsekretion mit 2-Br-alpha-Ergokryptin. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd (in press). Google Scholar 13Jeffcoate, T. N. A., Miller, J., Roos, R. F. & Tindall, V. R.: Puerperal thrombolism in relation to the inhibition of lactation by oestrogen therapy. Br Med J 4: 19, 1968. 10.1136/bmj.4.5622.19 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14lo Presto, B. & Caypinar, E. J.: Prevention of postpartum lactation by administration of Deladumone during labor. JAMA 169: 250, 1959. 10.1001/jama.1959.03000200048010 CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 15Lutterbeck, P. M., Pryor, J. S., Varga, L. & Wenner, R.: Treatment of non-puerperal galactorrhoea with an ergot alkaloid. Br Med J 3: 228, 1971. 10.1136/bmj.3.5768.228 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16Morris, J. A., Creasy, R. K. & Hohe, P. T.: Inhibition of puerperal lactation. Obstet Gynecol 56: 107, 1970. Google Scholar 17Pasteels, J. L., Danguy, A., Frérotte, M. & Ectors, F.: Inhibition de la sécrétion de prolactine par l'ergocornine et la 2-Br-α-ergocryptine: action directe sur l'hypophyse en culture. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 32: 188, 1971. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 18Rolland, R. & Schellekens, L. A.: Induction of ovulation by a new ergotalkaloid in patients with amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. Reinier de Graff Tercentenary Symposium, Noordwijkwehout, The Netherlands, August 1973. Google Scholar 19Rolland, R. & Schellekens, L. A.: A new approach to the inhibition of puerperal lactation. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 80: 945, 1973. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1973.tb02954.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20Rolland, R. & Schellekens, L. A.: Successful treatment of galactorrhoea and amenorrhoea and subsequent restoration of ovarian function by a new ergotalkaloid 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB 154). J Clin Endocrinol (in press). Google Scholar 21Rolland, R., Lequin, R. M., Schellekens, L. A. & de Jong, F. H.: The role of prolactin in the restoration of ovarian function in the early post partum period in the human female. Clin Endocrinol (in press). Google Scholar 22Schams, D., Reinhardt, V. & Karg, H.: Effects of a synthetic ergot alkaloid on the peripheral blood level of prolactin in cows. Acta endocr (Kbh.), Suppl. 159: 39, 1972. Web of Science®Google Scholar 23Tashjian, A. H., Jr & Hoyt, R. F., Jr: Transient control of organ-specific functions in eucaryotic cells in culture. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Molecular Genetics and Developmental Biology, Woods-Hole, Sept. 1971 (ed. Sussman), pp. 353–387. Prentice Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, N.J., 1972. Google Scholar 24Turkington, R. W.: Inhibition of prolactin secretion and successful therapy of the Forbes-Albright syndrome with l-Dopa. J Clin Endocrinol 34: 306, 1972. 10.1210/jcem-34-2-306 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25Tyson, J. E., P.Hwang, H. Guyda & Friesen, H. G.: Studies of prolactin secretion in human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 113: 14, 1972. 10.1016/0002-9378(72)90446-2 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 26Varga, L., Lutterbeck, P.M., Pryor, J. S., Wenner, R. & Erb, H.: Suppression of puerperal lactation with an ergot alkaloid: A double-blind study. Br Med J 2: 743, 1972. 10.1136/bmj.2.5816.743 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 27Varga, L., Wenner, R. & del Pozo, E.: Treatment of galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome with Br-ergocryptine (CB 154): Restoration of ovulatory function and fertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 117: 75, 1973. 10.1016/0002-9378(73)90731-X CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 28Zuckerman, H. & Carmel, S.: The inhibition of lactation by clomiphene. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 80: 822, 1973. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1973.tb11225.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume13, Issue1January 1975Pages 1-5 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Four different regimens for the termination of mid-trimester pregnancies with prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were studied in 126 women. The best results were achieved using intra-amniotic PGF2α in combination with a high dose of intravenous oxytocin. The abortifacient effect of extra-amniotic PGF2α was slightly but not significantly improved by the concomitant use of either extra-amniotic or intravenous oxytocin. Signs of infection were more common in the patients treated with the extra-amniotic catheter than in those whose medication was given by puncture through the abdominal wall.

A clinical trial on the induction of midtrimester abortions was carried out on 57 women treated by intraamniotic administration of prostaglandin (PG) F2α, either alone or in combination with intravenous oxytocin. The mean induction-abortion interval was significantly shorter in the 36 women who received both PGF2α and oxytocin (17.3 hrs) than in the 21 women treated with PGF2α alone (26.6 hrs). Eighty-one per cent of the women in the PG-oxytocin group, and 43 % of the controls aborted within 24 hours, and abortion was achieved in 97 % and 86 % of the cases respectively, within 48 hours. Multigravid women aborted more quickly than primigravidae. The mean abortifacient dose of PGF2α was significantly reduced (from 36.6 to 26.4 mg, p < 0.001) by the simultaneous use of intravenous oxytocin. Our results suggest that oxytocin improves the clinical management of PGF2α-induced abortions.

Dr. Arnold Gillespie (January 15, p.150) indicates that uterine contractions can be enhanced if oxytocin is given after previous exposure to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Brummer showed by in vitro experiments that after exposure to the PGE2, but not to the PGF2alpha, human myometrial strips exhibited an enhanced response to oxytocin. We report here preliminary results on the abortifacient effect of a combined treatment with PGF2alpha and oxytocin. The combined treatment, administered extraamniotically by means of a Foley catheter introduced between the fetal membranes and the uterine wall through the cervical canal, was given to 32 women admitted to the hospital for termination of midtrimester pregnancies. A dose of 0.5 mg PGF2alpha (Astra) was given hourly to 20 women. Higher doses (0.75-2.0 mg) were used if the uterine contractions were weak or lacking. 9 women received a mixture containing 0.5 mg of PGF2alpha and 1 I.U. of oxytocin, and 3 women received 3 I.U. of oxytocin alone. In the PGF2 alpha group of 20 patients, abortion was complete in 7 and incomplete in 10 cases. 3 failures were encountered. The trial was considered a failure if uterine contractions stopped in spite of continuous and increased dosage. In the group of 9 women who received a mixture of PGF2alpha and oxytocin, there was no failure. Abortion was complete in 5 and incomplete in 4 cases. Of the 3 women who received oxytocin only, 1 aborted and 2 failed. Uterine contractions were present in all 3 cases. The mean dose of PGF2alpha required for an abortion was 26.1 mg in the PG group, while that in the combined PGF2alpha and oxytocin group was 15.2 mg. 2 of 3 failures in the PG group were successfully treated with an intravenous oxytocin infusion (5 I.U./hour), which caused uterine contractions when PG had no further effect. Hysterotomy was needed in 1 case, where a bicornuate uterus was found at the operation. Extraamniotic oxytocin alone caused uterine contractions in all 3 cases included in the trial, although abortion was achieved in only 1 case. The 2 failures in the oxytocin group were treated with extraamniotic PG. In the total series of 32 cases, hysterotomy was not required in 31 (97%) if both PG and oxytocin were used. PGF2alpha and oxytocin have a contractile effect on the uterus in vivo during midtrimester. Whether the effects of these 2 drugs are additive or potentiative is now being studied.

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica ScandinavicaVolume 49, Issue S1 p. 43-55 The Climacterium from the Gynaecologist's Point of View Paavo Vara, Paavo Vara Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author Paavo Vara, Paavo Vara Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1970 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016347009155056Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES Andreoni F.. Acta vitamin. (Milano) 1952; 6: 76. Google Scholar Backmann G.. Acta anat. (Basel) 194748; 4: 421. 10.1159/000140313 Google Scholar Bartelheimer L.. Med. Klin. 1954; 245: 49. Google Scholar Béclère C.. Gynéc prat. 1952; 3: 267. Google Scholar Borell U., Fernström J., Westman A.. Acta obstet. gynec scand. 1953; 32: 271. 10.3109/00016345309157581 PubMedGoogle Scholar Brown J. B.. Mem. Soc. Endocr. 1955; 3: 1. Google Scholar Brown J. B.. Estrogen Assays in Clinical Medicine, Basis and Methodology, C. Alvin Paulsen. University of Washington Press, Seattle 1965, Discussion remark on page 186 in. Google Scholar Elert R.. Arch. Gynäk. 1953; 183: 35. 10.1007/BF01004842 Google Scholar Freedman N.. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1951; 62: 1273. 10.1016/0002-9378(51)90053-1 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Furuhjelm M.. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1966; 45: 352. 10.3109/00016346609158456 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Furuhjelm M., Waller R.. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 1958; 27: 482. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Goecke H.. Zbl. Gynäk. 1959; 81: 389. Google Scholar Harris G. W.. Arch. Gynäk. 1953; 183: 35. 10.1007/BF01004841 PubMedGoogle Scholar Hauser G. A., Wenner R.. Das Klimakterium der Frau. Ergebnisse der inneren Medizin und Kinderheilkunde, L. Heilmeyer, R. Schoen, B. de Rudder. Springer, Berlin 1965; Bd. XVI. Google Scholar Hess W. R.. Zwischenhirn, Syndrome, Funktionen. Schwabe, Basel 1949. Google Scholar Kauppinen M. A.. Ann Chir Gynaec Fenn 1949; 38(Suppl. 3) 224. Google Scholar Klemm P., Meglin S., Winter K.. Dtsch. Gesundh. Wes. 1963; 18: 192. Google Scholar McBride J. M.. J. Obstet. Gynaec. Brit. Emp. 1954; 61: 691. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1954.tb07711.x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Malmio H. R.. Acta Doc. Med. Fenn. Duodecim 1919; 1. Google Scholar Mathes A.. Biologie und Pathologie des Weibes, J. Halban, L. Seitz. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin 1924; Bd. III/1. Google Scholar Paulsen C. A.. Estrogen Assays in Clinical Medicine, Basis and Methodology, C. Alvin Paulsen. University of Washington Press, Seattle 1965; 190. Google Scholar Pincus G.. Hormones and the Ageing Process. Academic Press, New York 1956; 1. 10.1016/B978-1-4832-2862-4.50005-4 Google Scholar Preibsch Anton W., Roderberg H.. Über das Klimakterium. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge der Martin-Luther Universität. Halle (Saale) 1967; 15: 59. Google Scholar Prill H. J.. Klinik der Freuenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe; ein Handbuch für die Praxis. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München 1970; Bd. 8: 398, (in press). Google Scholar Procopé B. -J., Adlercreutz H.. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 1969; 62: 461. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Puck A.. Münch, med. Wschr. 1957; 99: 1505. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar Rössle R., Roulet F.. Mass und Zahl in der Pathologie. Springer, Berlin 1941. Google Scholar Sauramo H.. Ann. Chir. Gynaec. Fenn. 1952, Suppl. 42. Google Scholar Schellong F.. Vorträge Med. Gesellsch, Münster 1947. Google Scholar Selye H.. First annual report on stress. Montreal 1951, Acta. Google Scholar Timonen S., Krokfors E.. Acta endocr. (Kbh.) 1959; 32: 545. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Wagner H.. Z. Geburtsh. Gynäk. 1955; 142, Beilageheft. Google Scholar Warén E.. Mittheilungen aus der Gynaekologischen Klinik des Prof Dr. Otto Engström in Helsingfors. 1897; 191. Google Scholar Wenner R.. Grundriss der gynäkologischen Endokrinologie. Schwabe Basel 1952. Google Scholar Wenner R., Hauser G. A.. Gynaecologia (Basel) 1957; 144: 299. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Wiesel J.. Biologie und Pathologie des Weibes, J. Halban, L. Seitz. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin 1924; Bd. III/1 025. Google Scholar Wilson R. A.. Feminine Forever. W. H. Allen, London 1966. Google Scholar Wilson R. A., Brevetti R. E., Wilson T.. West. J. Surg. June, 1963; 110. Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume49, IssueS1January 1970Pages 43-55 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Between 1959 and 1968 a cervical cerclage operation was performed 163 times in 159 women because of assumed cervical incompetence. The operation was carried out during pregnancy 156 times, and 3 times in a nonpregnant patient. 4 women had two operations during the same pregnancy. The operations represent 1 in 404 deliveries at the hospital during the study period. The diagnosis of cervical incompetence was based on the history of previous pregnancies in 99 cases (79%). The finding of a short and open cervix was made 85 times (68%), and the diagnosis was supported by the hystero‐graphic findings in 11 cases (9%). The average duration of gestation at the time of operation was 14 weeks, and the average total duration of the pregnancies was 35 weeks. The previous foetal salvage rate was 30.8%, and the final success rate 83.2%. The comparable rates for normal deliveries without cervical cerclage at the same clinic were 74.7% and 97.1%, respectively. The abortion rate in the series after treatment was 13.6%. Premature deliveries with loss of the child occurred 4 times, leading to a perinatal mortality rate of 3.2%. Breech presentation was found 10 times (6.3%). Caesarean section was undertaken 23 times (18%) in 21 patients. The ratio of the final success rate and the previous foetal salvage rate (foetal salvage ratio) in the whole series was 2.7, and in the randomly selected cases 1.3. This ratio was the highest (3.8) between 26 and 30 years, and when the operation was performed between the 16th and the 19th weeks of pregnancy (3.3). The minimum benefit rate of the operation was 30% [80.2–30.8 – (97.1–74.7)]%. This rate is little affected by unnecessary operations, while difference between the foetal salvage ratios in the operation and the control materials is greatly affected by them. This difference was 1.4 (2.7–1.3) in this material. The differences in abortion rates, laws and standards of obstetric care lead to differences in the materials. Therefore the following criteria are suggested to be included in the reports concerning cervical cerclage operations: Number of operations per number of deliveries in the study period Final success rate of the series Previous foetal salvage rate Foetal salvage ratio (the ratio of no. 2 and no. 3) Final success rate and previous foetal salvage rate among the mothers without a cervical suture in the same hospital at the same study period Foetal salvage ratio from no. 5 Difference between foetal salvage ratios in the operation and the control groups Minimum benefit rate in the operation material

Department II of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica ScandinavicaVolume 44, Issue S3 p. 1-45 Toxaemia of Late Pregnancy A Statistical Study Professor Paavo Vara M.D., Professor Paavo Vara M.D. Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaacology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSearch for more papers by this authorSakari Timonen, Sakari Timonen Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaacology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSearch for more papers by this authorOlli Lokki, Olli Lokki Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaacology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSearch for more papers by this author Professor Paavo Vara M.D., Professor Paavo Vara M.D. Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaacology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSearch for more papers by this authorSakari Timonen, Sakari Timonen Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaacology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSearch for more papers by this authorOlli Lokki, Olli Lokki Department II of Obstetrics and Gynaacology, Helsinki University Central HospitalSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1965 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016346509158478Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Baillie A., Niemi M., Ikonen M. Acta endocr. (Kbh), in print.. Bastiaanse M.A., van Maslboom J.L. Ned. T. Verlosk 1949; 49: 132. Bieniarz J. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1958; 75: 444. Browne F.J. Brit. med. J. 1947; 2: 293. Butler N., Bonham D.G. Perinatal mortality. The first report of the 1958 British perinatal mortality survey. E. & S. Livingstone LTD., Edinburg and London 1963; 91. Chesley L.C., Annitto J.E. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1947; 53: 372. Hallman N., Kunnas M., Vara P. Ann. Paediat. Fenn. 1954; 1: 148–55. Hamlin R.H.J. Clin. Obstet. Gynec. 1958; 1: 369. Matthews H.B., Du Brucke M.G. J. Amer. med. Ass. 1938; 110: 554. Meller-Christensen E. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1938; 18: 222. Naujoks H., Seitz L. Grundlageforschung der normalen und toxischen Schwangerschaft. Seitz-Amreich: Biologie und Pathologie des Weibes, Bd. VIII: 601. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin 1951; 608, 2. Aufl. Nieminen U., Järvinen P.A. Ann. Chir. Gynaec. Fenn. 1964; 53: 424. Pankamaa P. Ann. Chir. Gynaec. Fenn. 1955; 44, Suppl. 3. Parviainen S. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1945; 25: 128, Suppl. 2. Parviainen S. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1946; 26: 174. Pelkonen E. Acta Soc. Med. »Duodecim», Ser. B 1941; 29(11). Pelkonen E. Acta Soc. Med. »Duodecim», Ser. B. 1943; 29(7). Räihä C.-E., Johanson C.-E., Lind J., Vara P. Ann. Paediat. Fenn. 1957; 3: 65. Renkonen K.O., Lehtovaara R. Ann. Med. exp. Fenn. 1962; 40: 352. Sauramo H. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1949; 29: 361. Schroderus (Rauramo) M. Om klimatets och akuta infektionssjukdomars betydelse för frekvensen av graviditätstoxikoser, spesiellt eklampsin. Forhandlinger ved Nordisk Kirurgisk Forenings 17de Mete Oslo 27de-29de Juni 1929. Oslo 1929; 127. Soiva K. Ann. Chir. Gynaec. Fenn. 1954; 43, Suppl. 1. Steffensen T.E., Iversen J. Ugeskr. Læg. 1964; 26: 480. Timonen S., Vara P., Lokki P. Ann. Chir. Gynaec. Fenn. 1963; 52: 329. Turpeinen K. Acta obstet. gynaec. scand. 1945; 25: 347, Suppl. 2. Unnérus C.-.E. Toxemiernaskorrelation till hjärtvolymen. In: Förhandlingar vid Nordisk Förenings för Obstetrik och Gynekologi 11. kongress i Helsingfors 18-20 augusti 1960. Helsingfors 1961; 120. Vara P., Unnérus C.-E., Timonen S., to be published.. Vara P., Vehniäinen K. Acta obstet. gynec. scand. 1951; 31, Suppl. 4. Citing Literature Volume44, IssueS3January 1965Pages 1-45 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica ScandinavicaVolume 44, Issue 1 p. 170-179 Estimation of the Probable Duration of Pregnancy on the Basis of the Maturity of the Child A preliminary report S. Timonen, S. Timonen Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorU. Uotila, U. Uotila Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorO. Lokki, O. Lokki Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Kuusisto, P. Kuusisto Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Vara, P. Vara Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author S. Timonen, S. Timonen Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorU. Uotila, U. Uotila Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorO. Lokki, O. Lokki Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Kuusisto, P. Kuusisto Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this authorP. Vara, P. Vara Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynœcology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1965 https://doi.org/10.3109/00016346509153989AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume44, Issue1January 1965Pages 170-179 RelatedInformation