Reconstructive surgery of thoracic defects presents a challenge for the surgeon. With defects of different aetiology and the need for precise localisation of the area to be treated, a broad range of experience is required. We present our interdisciplinary experience in dealing with full thickness thoracic wall defects and intrathoracic cavities. The latissimus dorsi muscle as well as the pectoralis major muscle and their covering skin are the most commonly used flaps in covering an intrathoracic or extrathoracic defect. They have the advantage of being easily and safely dissected. Other flaps such as the greater omentum, serratus anterior, the transverse rectus abodominal muscle (TRAM), and the filet of the arm are less frequently used. Indications and applications of these flaps are reviewed. Our interdisciplinary surgical treatment of thoracic wall defects allows optimal operative excision and reconstruction as well as giving best functional and aesthetic results for the patients.