Bovine tropical theileriosis is one of the potentially fatal disease of dairy cattle, which is caused by hemoparasite Theleria annulata. About seven years old cross-bred cow was presented with complaint of pyrexia, inappetance, lacrimation and ocular swelling since last 5 days. The clinical examination showed elevated rectal temperature (39.4 0C), mild enlarged pre-scapular lymph nodes, bilateral bulging of temporal fossa, protruded pale and icteric conjunctivae of the eyes with lacrimation and presence of ticks on body. The case was suspected for haemoprotozoan disease. Blood and serum sample were collected for hematological, blood smear examination and molecular examination (PCR), and biochemical analysis respectively. Microscopic examination of blood smear revealed intra-erythrocytic signet ring shaped periplasm of Theileria annulata. Hemato-biochemical examination revealed anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and jaundice. Further, PCR assay was done using T. annulata-specific primer pair, Cyto b1 gene targeting the amplicon of 312 bp showed specific band on Gel-electrophoresis. Therapeutic regimen was started with Buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight IM single dose followed by Oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg body weight IV in 500 ml of NS for 5 days and Prednisolone @ 0.25 mg/kg body weight IM for 3 days along with supportive therapy. The cattle well responded to the therapy and complete regression of ocular signs was observed within one week of treatment.

A 5-year-old HF crossbred cattle was examined with history of anorexia, fever, nasal discharge and inability to stand.On clinical examination, the cattle revealed pyrexia (rectal temperature 104.2 °F), papery white conjunctival and vaginal mucous membranes, swollen lymph nodes and mild tick infestation.The cow was unable to stand due to severe weakness.History and clinical signs suggested for haemoprotozoan infection.The blood was collected from jugular vein for haemato-biochemical analysis and preparation of blood smear.The blood smear examination revealed the presence of intra-erythrocytic stages of Theileria annulata and Anaplasma marginale in blood smear.Haemato-biochemical analysis showed marked anemia (Hb 7.2 gm/dl; PCV 21% and TEC 3.8 X10 6 /µl), hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and hyperbilirubinemia.The cattle was treated with single IM injection of buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg /Kg BW followed by IV administration of oxytetracycline @10mg/Kg BW in normal saline for 5 days along with supportive therapy as B-Complex injection @ 10ml IM daily for 5 days and hematinic orally for ten days.The IV administration of hydroxyethyl starch (Vetplasma R ) @ 10 ml/Kg as blood volume expander was also given in divided dose for two days.The affected cattle showed gradual clinical improvement from second day of treatment and onwards, and almost complete clinical recovery was observed after two week post treatment.

Backyard poultry has been recognized as an effective tool for poverty alleviation especially in the rural areas. Since time immemorial backyard poultry farming has played an important role to meet the domestic as well as socio-cultural needs of the rural people. The present study was conducted in three purposively selected districts. Two blocks were selected out of which 50 respondents were randomly selected. Total 300 respondents were selected for the research study. Various socio-personal (age, family type, educational qualification) were the important factors which have contributed to the rearing of the backyard poultry by the poultry farmers. It was found that majority (52.33%) of the respondents were from middle age group followed by (33.00) young age group. So far family type is concerned it was found that majority (61.67%) of the respondents were from joint family. Further about (37.33%) of the respondents were educated up to high school level followed by (21.67%) up to primary school level, (19.67%) up to middle school level. These study help us to explore the rearing and societal adoption pattern of the backyard poultry farming which will help us to find the area and how we could put more emphasis for the successful practicing of backyard poultry farming.

The present study was conducted in two selected districts of South Bihar, one from each Agro-climatic zone, namely, Bhagalpur and Nalanda. Training programmes conducted by two selected district ATMAs were analyzed for period of five years. The data was collected by the researcher itself by direct interview method with help of semi-structured interview schedule. Analysis of result obtained by interview of ATMA trainers depicts that majority of ATMA trainers were of middle age group. ATMA trainers were dominated by male members. As per educational qualification is concerned majority of ATMA trainers were educated up to master’s level. The major discipline of the trainers was found to be Agricultural science with slight a smaller number of Animal Science. Majority of respondents were having designation of Assistant Professor or equivalent post. There was lack of highly experienced trainers as majority of trainers were having training experience of less than five years.

Radon gas is the prime contributor to natural radiation and poses a significant human health risk. Radon is the second leading cause of cancer after smoking. The estimation of the level of naturally occurring gases become important for determining radiation risk and has been the subject of interest of researchers worldwide. In the present study, the survey of radon, thoron, and their daughter’s product concentration has been carried out in the dwelling situated nearby selected sugar mills of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand state of India by using a pin-hole dosimeter and direct radon/thoron progeny sensor with LR-115 Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTDs). The results show that the average value of radon and thoron concentration varied from 28.37 Bqm-3 to 43.02 Bqm-3, and 17.67 Bqm-3 to 25.04 Bqm-3 respectively. The average value of radon and thoron progeny concentration varied from 6.71 Bqm-3 to 14.16 Bqm-3, and 0.70 Bqm-3 to 1.41 Bqm-3 respectively.

The frequent use of modern medicines for animal husbandry practices has reduced the usage of Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) but still, they are often used first to treat various animal diseases. The objective of this research work was to level awareness and adoption level of selected Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) among Tharu tribes in terms of reducing the production cost vis-à-vis increasing the overall production of their livestock. The investigation was carried out in the Tharuhat area of the West Champaran district, to explore the therapeutic uses of plants by local inhabitants. Information was gathered from traditional healers and livestock owners of Tharu Tribes, by using participant observation, open-ended conversations, and semi-structured questionnaires. Plants used as ethnoveterinary medicines were collected and identified by farmers of the study area (i.e., Tharuhat area) who had well knowledge about the use of indigenous practices in different areas of livestock rearing i.e., Breeding, Feeding, and Health care and its awareness. Documentation of traditional knowledge-related ethnoveterinary information and identification of potential species for prioritization of conservation through sustainable animal health care management is essential for the benefit of future generations. The present study contributed to the documentation of an inventory of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants, which might provide a better informative database for future scientific validation studies for the sake of animal health.

The seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in small ruminants in Bihar and Odisha states in the Eastern region of India was carried out. A total of 1836 serum samples were collected from sheep (n = 648) and goats (n = 1188) from various epidemiological units (n = 112) in these states by a two-stage sampling plan during April 2017–March 2018. These samples were tested for the detection of virus antibodies by PPR competitive ELISA kit. The results revealed that the seroprevalence of PPR in sheep and goats in Bihar and Odisha states was 30.91% and 54.20%, respectively. Further, the chi-square analysis showed that the association exists between the presence of PPR virus antibodies in the goats (χ 2 = 93.28, p < 0.01) and between the states (χ 2 = 82.61, p < 0.01). This cross-sectional serosurvey also infers that the sheep and goats in most of the epi-units (n = 87) had < 70% of PPR virus antibodies prevalence. This warrants the intensive continuous mass vaccination program for a few more years to achieve the desired level of population immunity (epidemiological units protection level) and active surveillance to make these states free from PPR in the Eastern region of India.