This study presents a facile, clean route of fabrication of an eco-friendly, hydrophobic, and high solid (75.5 %) Cardanol-derived nano-dispersed waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) coatings to mitigate mild steel corrosion. The absence of additional crosslinkers and the use of green chemistry principles to develop WBPU nano-dispersions make the process feasible and environmentally benign. The impact of the variation in the amine content (10-25 %) was observed on the physical, chemical, and corrosive properties of the nano-dispersed WBPU coatings. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical structure and curing of WBPU, while the crosslinking density indicated the formation of a protective coating surface. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the presence of uniform spherical nano-dispersions of size 7 +/- 3 nm. A strong correlation was observed between Dynamic light scattering and TEM analysis, confirming uniform nano-dispersion with long-term stability. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated an amorphous surface with dense and rough morphology, with spherical nanostructures. Atomic force microscopy studies reveal a surface with moderate nano-roughness with a balanced distribution of peaks and valleys. Physico-mechanical testing showed excellent performance across all compositions, with high scratch hardness (2 kg), impact resistance (passes 150 lb./in.), bending flexibility (passes 1/8 in.), 100 % crosshatch adhesion, gloss, and wear resistance. Chemical resistance (3.5 % HCl, NaCl, NaOH, ethyl methyl ketone, and water) showed no significant changes, confirming durability. Overall, the composition with 20 % amine exhibited superior performance, featuring high hydrophobicity and thermal stability up to 230 degrees C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5 % NaCl for 24 days demonstrated exceptional corrosion inhibition efficiency (98.98 %), corrosion protection, low corrosion rates, and excellent barrier properties. Cardanol-based WBPU nano-dispersion coatings and their formulation offer a sustainable, high-performance alternative protective polymeric material for various applications.

This project stresses the current problems in the industrial revolution and the increasing demand for new products due to the population explosion. In the race for industrialization, the production unlimited byproducts and discharge of harmful gases in the atmosphere, discharging harmful sewage into fresh wa-ter resources and dumping of harmful waste in the soil. Polymer nanocomposites enable an eco-friendly environment that is dignified to be far for efficient than the current strategies, and likewise, anti-bacterial, and water treatment holds the future.Here, the design and development of polymer nanocomposite based on polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked with melamine-formaldehyde doped with Cu nanoparticles. The electrostatic interaction between poly-mer matrixes increases the chemical stability after doping Cu nanoparticles. The chemical stability order of polymer nanocomposites was confirmed by contact angle (58-90 o ) in water > NaOH> HCl. The poly-mer nanocomposite films were analyzed for the Congo red (CR) dye adsorption using Batch adsorption methods. Three parameters were used to determine dye adsorption by contact time, pH, and the dye concentration of CR dye. The dye adsorption analysis reveals that CR dye adsorption increases in polymer nanocomposite films from (C1-C5). CR dye adsorption increase with respect to contact upto 80% mg L -1, but the adsorption percentage decreases (68-13%) as the pH (4-10) increases values. The anti-bacterial results reveal that the inhibition against B. subtilis 736 and S. aureus is 40 mm and 35 mm, respectively, after the encapsulation of Cu nanoparticles. The present study launched a positive effort to design and de-velop an eco-friendly, very efficient, and safe synthesis of nanomaterials with unparalleled properties like waste water treatment discharge from textile industries for cleaner production, bactericidal, and packing industries.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Herein, a metal-organic framework (Cu-β-CD-MOF) was prepared that incorporates copper (Cu) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) via vapor diffusion. Cu-β-CD-MOF was employed as a catalyst for the reduction of various nitroaromatics (NACs) compounds viz. 4-Nitrophenol(4-NP), Nitrobenzene (NB), 2-Nitrophenol(2-NP) and 4-Nitroaniline(4-NA). Cu-β-CD-MOF was analyzed using diverse techniques, which disclosed a narrow band gap (2.23 eV), enhanced thermal stability, and rod-like crystal morphology. Cu-β-CD-MOF exhibited high catalytic activity, reducing all NACs in 4 min. As a result of its high photocatalytic efficiency, low cost, non-toxic, and adherence to green chemistry principles, Cu-β-CD-MOF could be considered for wastewater treatment applications.

Functional polymers have a wide range of applications, that is, biomedical applications, self-healing polymers, OLED devices, optical applications, etc. due to improved plasticity, ductility, heat resistance, etc. The present study contributed to reinforcing the concept of functionalization to design facile and cost-effective material with desired properties or tweak the existing properties of polymers. The advancement of this research study provided insight into the effect of different amino functional groups on the optical properties such as UV shielding, morphology, fluorescence, and crystallinity of PMMA. Results indicated that PHNG3 exhibited very strong UV absorption in comparison with other fun-PMMAs. The chemical shift (delta) at similar to 3.5 ppm for beta-NH/NH2 and the existence of aromatic protons at similar to 7.138 to 9.134 ppm confirmed the functionalization of PMMA.

Biomediated ecofriendly method for the synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using plants extracts (Toona ciliata, Ficus carica and Pinus roxburghii) has been reported. The nanoparticles so obtained were characterized by various techniques such as ultraviolet–visible, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Formation of nickel oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction where the former technique ascertains the formation of bond between nickel and oxygen. The nickel oxide nanoparticles were found to be crystalline cubic face centered and show intense photoluminescence emission at 416, 414 and 413 nm, respectively. The antibacterial activity was studied against gram positive and gram negative bacterial species by agar well diffusion method. The nickel oxide nanoparticles show better activity against some bacterial strains with reference to the standard drugs Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. The anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma of nanomaterials obtained from Pinus roxburghii was found to be greater than that derived from Toona ciliata and Ficus carica using the standard drug Albendazole. This method takes the advantage of the sustainable and economic approach for the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles.

The present work reports Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) functionalized with different amino compounds i.e. 2-amino pyridine and 2-nitro aniline. The functionalized polymer (FP1 and FP2) of PMMA doped with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (1 wt% and 3 wt%) with a simple solution mixing method to develop polymer nanocomposite. The functionalized PMMA were characterized by FT-IR and NMR. The surface morphology and crystalline nature of polymer nanocomposite was determined by SEM and XRD. The thermal behavior of polymer nanocomposite were analyzed by thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of polymer nanocomposites was improved by incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles. In case of sample (PS2) polymer nanocomposite shows degradation temperature (Td) increases 13 degrees C and the glass tran-sition temperature (Tg) increases 12 degrees C. TiO2 nanoparticles were embedded into the polymer array which makes the surface of polymer nanocomposite porous, which improves Congo red (CR) dye adsorption. The CR dye adsorption from PMMA to FP1 and PC2 samples were inversely proportional to the pH scale 4-10. The CR dye adsorption increases 50% to 54% from PMMA to PC2 by an effect of contact time. By increasing the concen-tration of CR dye, the adsorption decreases and the maximum value of adsorption was found 86.57% at 10 ppm for PC2 sample. FP1 sample showed good antioxidant activity i.e. 67.13%. These results showed that the synthesized polymer nanocomposites were low-cost material for water treatment, industrial effluents and pre-servatives for food beverages.

AbstractThe present work reports the functionalization of PMMA and its nanocomposites were synthesized via simple solution mixing method. Functionalization of PMMA with different amino containing groups, that is, ethylene diamine (ED) and 4‐amino benzoic acid (PA) and used with low dosage (1 wt% and 3 wt%) of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to form nanocomposites. The morphology was determined by SEM, average particle size (50 nm) of TiO2 NPs was measured by TEM. The pore radius (14.47 A°) and specific surface area (157.89 m2/g) of TiO2 NPs were measured by BET analysis. FT‐IR and NMR analysis confirms the functionalization of PMMA. The antioxidant activity of functionalized PMMA and its nanocomposites have been analyzed by using 2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of functionalized polymer nanocomposites were investigated. The result revealed that functionalized PMMA (PMPA) shows maximum antioxidant activity. The increase in concentration of TiO2 NPs efficiently augments the bacterial inhibition against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) was recorded against E. coli ATCC 25922 (30 mm) and S. aureus ATCC 29213 (31 mm) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) over E. coli (64 μg/ml) and S. aureus (32 μg/ml) by PMPA2. The synthesized functionalized PMMA nanocomposites can be considered as promising material for biological applications.

The main object of this study is to analyse the effects of different functional groups on the thermal and microbial properties of nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). For this, amino functionalized PMMA were synthesized by using post polymer functionalization method. In this method, PMMA was treated with four different amino compounds to obtain functionalized PMMA. To determine the structural features, functionalized PMMA was characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. These functionalized PMMA were used to prepare functionalized polymer nanocomposites with addition of nanoclay and Ag nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. These nanocomposites were further studied against thermal and antibacterial properties. Sophisticated analytical techniques i.e., thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and derivative thermogravimetric curve (DTG) were used to characterize the thermal properties of nanocomposites. Antibacterial study was performed by using disc diffusion method against bacteria E. coli. The thermal results showed that, the maximum degradation temperature (T d) increases up to 85.5°C in air atmosphere in case of sample HM2. Antibacterial study showed that, the bacteria have least effect on the silver containing functionalized polymer nanocomposites.

Water-borne ink, an industrially important ink based on the polyacrylates, in that polyacrylamides imparts specific properties to the inks. Some properties of inks such as glossy or hardness is also adjust by varying the polymers, so in the present studies, nanocomposites of Polyacrylamide /Nanoclay/copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized. The Nanoclay and Nanoparticles were varied to 0.5, 1 and 2% with respect to monomer of acrylamide and the effect on physical properties of ink such as, density, viscosity, surface tension, drying and smudging were observed to see the performance of it on polymer nanocomposites mixed in ink. The final product were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy to see the presence of individual component of nanocomposites. It was found that the solution with polymer nanocomposites shows, improved in the physical properties with variation of 2% with respect to ink solution. Finally the biological activities were performed to see the effect of it on the ink solution.

The study was designed to predict the ground water qualities of different locations of central Agra city, Uttar Pradesh, India. Physico-chemical parameters were investigated pH, TDS (Total Dissolve Solids), TH (Total Hardness), levels of Ca ++ (Calcium) and Mg ++ (Magnesium), Two Carbonate, Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 (Sodium Carbonate and Sodium bi Carbonate), Six Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, As) analyses by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), fluoride investigation by Spectrophotometer and removal of NOM (Natural Organic Matter) by Fenton’s Process. This paper deals with evaluation of pH, TDS, TH, levels of Ca ++ and Mg ++ , Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 , Heavy Metals, fluoride value and NOM removal from ground water by Fenton’s Process. Correlation matrix shows significant relation between heavy metals and NOM. The high values of these parameters might have health complications and so they need attention. The above studies are helpful to understand the ground water quality and their subsequent fitness or unfitness of ground water for drinking and domestic purpose at various sites under taken. The obtained data was compared by standards.