AIM:This study aims to estimate skeletal age of craniofacial shape obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-defined facial and basicranial landmarks using geometric morphometrics method in a random sample of growing patients, and explore the correlation between craniofacial shape and skeletal age as determined from hand and wrist radiograph.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA) of craniofacial shape with estimation of centroid size was performed on CBCTs of 48 growing patients (mean age 11.7 ± 1.5 years). Greulich and Pyle method for skeletal age assessment were used for correlation with centroid size. Correlation among the variables relied on Pearson's coefficient and its 95% confidence interval was estimated. The model's R2 was calculated, (Cook's distances, Mahalanobis distances, leverage values, and studentized residuals) and multiple regression analysis performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.RESULTS:Mean skeletal age was 11.9 ± 2.4 years. Centroid size (151.5 ± 7.2) was significantly correlated with chronological age (R = 0.616, 95% CI 0.355-0.789, p < 0.01) and skeletal age (R = 0.605, 95 % CI 0.331-0.794, p < 0.01).CONCLUSION:A new equation for determining craniofacial skeletal age was developed, using the centroid size of the craniofacial frame, gender, and the known chronological age.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:A CBCT may be used for skeletal age assessment without additional hand wrist radiograph.

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this article is to re-evaluate anchorage coefficient values in orthodontics and their influence in the treatment decision through the usage of three-dimensional (3D) scanner. Materials and Methods: A sample of 80 patients was analyzed with the 3D scanner using the C2000 and Cepha 3DT softwares (CIRAD Montpellier, France). Tooth anatomy parameters (linear measurements, root, and crown volumes) were then calculated to determine new anchorage coefficients based on root volume. Data were collected and statistically evaluated with the StatView software (version 5.0). Results: The anchorage coefficient values found in this study are compared to those established in previous studies. These new values affect and modify our approach in orthodontic treatment from the standpoint of anchorage. Conclusion: The use of new anchorage coefficient values has significant clinical implications in conventional and in microimplants-assisted orthodontic mechanics through the selection and delivery of the optimal force system (magnitude and moment) for an adequate biological response.

The CMS ECAL barrel electronics will be upgraded for the HL-LHC to meet the latency and bandwidth requirements of the Phase-II Level-1 trigger system. The new front-end electronics will mitigate the increasing noise from the avalanche photodiodes (APDs), discriminate against anomalous APD signals and provide improved timing information. The foreseen solution is to replace the current Charge-Sensitive-Amplifier with a Trans-Impedance Amplifier, which should provide the extra bandwidth needed to maintain the integrity of the detector signal shape. The first ASIC prototype, called CATIA, has been successfully designed in TSMC 130 nm CMOS technology and its test results will be presented.

Aims and Objectives: Assessing dental and bone ages is frequently required in a wide range of fields such as odontology, forensic science, as well as orthopedics. The aim of this study was to evaluate applicability of two methods of bone age assessment and two methods of dental age (DA) assessment for Lebanese children. Materials and Methods: Skeletal age (SA) of 260 orthodontic patients (124 males, 136 females divided into four groups each) was consecutively assessed using Greulich and Pyle and Fishman's SMI methods. DA was evaluated using both Demirjian's and Willem's methods. Mean age was 11.89 ± 1.38 years for males and 11.75 ± 1.58 years for females. Data were collected and statistically analyzed using the SPSS software (IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21, USA). The differences between estimated DA, estimated SA, and chronological age (CA) were compared by gender and age group. Results: Greulich and Pyle method showed nonsignificant difference with CA in male sample, while in both assessment methods, the difference between skeletal and CAs is significant in female sample. Results of Willem's method in the whole sample suggested a statistically nonsignificant difference, when compared to CA. Demirjian's method delivered higher mean value than Willem's assessment in both genders. Conclusions: Greulich and Pyle method is accurate for SA assessment in males and only in one group of females, while it significantly overestimates age in all other female groups. Willem's method is more suitable to assess DA in both genders. A strong correlation exists between both dental and skeletal assessment methods and CA.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:The objective of this article is to focus on the dental anatomy, its influence on therapeutic choices, and decision in orthodontics. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A sample of 80 subjects was selected and analyzed. Through the usage of the three-dimensional scanner with the C2000-Cepha and Cepha3DT software, it is now possible to calculate the volume and the dimensions of both crown and root of each tooth and compare them to the literature. Data were collected and statistically evaluated with the StatView software (version 5.0). RESULTS:These references values were compared with those known in the literature redefining our approaches to treatment in orthodontics. CONCLUSION:The individual anatomical data either unique or in a group of teeth give new insights on the orthodontic therapeutic options.

INTRODUCTION:This cases report confirms the hypothesis that embryonic and maxillofacial growth are influenced by the peripheral nervous system, including the trigeminal nerve (V). So, it's interesting to use the stigma of the trigeminal nerve as landmarks to analyze the maxillofacial volume and understand its growth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of the three-dimensional cephalometric analysis of Treil based on trigeminal landmarks.CASE PRESENTATION:The first case is a caucasian female child with Goldenhar syndrome. The second case is a caucasian male adult affected by the same syndrome. In both cases, brain MRI showed an unilateral trigeminal nerve lesion, ipsilateral to the facial dysmorphia.CONCLUSION:The results of this radiological study tend to prove the primary role of the trigeminal nerve in craniofacial growth. These cases demonstrate the validity of the theory of Moss. They are one of anatomo-functional justifications of the three-dimensional cephalometric biometry of Treil based on trigeminal nerve landmarks.

Introduction : Le présent rapport de cas confirme l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’embryogenèse et la croissance maxillo-faciale sont sous l’influence du système nerveux périphérique et notamment du nerf trijumeau (V). Il devient intéressant d’utiliser les stigmates du nerf trijumeau comme référentiel pour analyser tridimensionnellement le volume maxillo-facial et comprendre sa croissance. L’objectif est d’évaluer la validité de l’analyse céphalométrique tridimensionnelle d’essence trigéminale de Treil. Présentation des cas : Le premier cas est un enfant caucasien de sexe féminin atteint du syndrome de Goldenhar. Le deuxième cas est un adulte caucasien de sexe masculin atteint du même syndrome. Dans les deux cas, l’IRM cérébrale montre une atteinte trigéminale unilatérale, homolatérale à l’atteinte faciale. Conclusion : Les résultats de l’étude radiologique de ces cas de syndrome de Goldenhar tendent à prouver le rôle matriciel du nerf trijumeau dans la croissance cranio-faciale. Ces cas mettent en évidence la validité de la conception de la croissance neuro-matricielle de Moss. Ils sont une des justifications anatomo-fonctionnelles de la biométrie tridimensionnelle de Treil d’essence trigéminale.

La demande des patients en appareil esthétique non visible est en permanente augmentation. Deux types d’orthodontie permettent d’obtenir un taux d’acceptabilité convenable auprès des patients. La technique linguale a évolué constamment en proposant des attaches pré-fabriquées ou des attaches sur mesure. Les possibilités techniques et les résultats ont été améliorés avec le temps. Les gouttières thermoplastiques sont une alternative aux dispositifs linguaux et sont en plein essor. Leurs propriétés spécifiques permettent de mieux apprécier leurs indications et leurs limites. Une revue de la littérature, l’évolution des systèmes et la présentation de quelques exemples cliniques de cas traités nous permettent de donner des éléments de compréhension de chacun de ces deux types d’appareil et de mettre en évidence les avantages et les inconvénients de chacun d’eux.

Over the past decade, the interest for miniscrews is continuously growing as confirmed by the amount of recent published studies. In particular, their use allows to make corrections in a single phase and avoids extractions of premolars, while keeping usual goals of treatment. Main results of pilot studies and some clinical examples are presented here to illustrate our therapeutic approach for the treatment of tooth discrepancy in Class I, Class II and Class III situations.

Patient demand for invisible esthetic orthodontic appliances is steadily increasing. Two types of orthodontic appliances have a high rate of patient acceptance. The lingual technique has continually evolved by offering both prefabricated brackets or custom-made brackets. The various techniques have been improved over time, and the results are better than ever. Thermoplastic aligners are an alternative to lingual devices and their use is rapidly growing. Their specific properties make it easier to assess their indications and limitations. A review of the literature, the development of these systems and a presentation of some clinical examples of treated cases will help us to provide some of the basics for understanding each of these two types of appliances and to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each system.

The causes of dental crowding are not fully understood, but it may result from an evolutionary trend towards reduced facial volume, without a proportional reduction in tooth sizes. Most previous studies conducted among modern humans have revealed a very low or non-existent correlation between tooth size and jaw size. Cross-comparison between dental age and facial skeletal age could help to provide better knowledge of the dynamic process of dental crowding. The primary objective of this research was to study the synchronism of dental maturation and skeletal facial growth in a sample of modern children living in France. The secondary objective was to assess the link between dentofacial asynchronism and dental crowding.

Actinides co-precipitation is currently investigated in order to synthesize solid solutions of actinides mixed oxalates. This paper deals with the thermodynamic and kinetic study of the precipitation of uranium-neodymium oxalate system. Based on an analysis of the theories developed in the literature, a new expression for the determination of the supersaturation ratio for the solid solutions is presented. An experimental study of the nucleation kinetics was performed on the mixed uranium-neodymium oxalates. Homogeneous and heterogeneous primary nucleation laws are obtained using a specific stopped flow apparatus. The experimental results are consistent with the classical behaviour of nucleation phenomena. The values of the kinetic parameters for the solid solution point out that the formation of the uraniumneodymium mixed oxalates is kinetically favoured compared with the simple uranium and neodymium oxalates.

This paper deals with the modelling of the precipitation of decahydrated neodymium oxalate from experimental data. The model takes into account the kinetic laws of primary nucleation, crystal growth and agglomeration and is based on two population balances, one for the crystallites and one for the particles. The population of particles is solved using a quadrature moment approach and then reconstructed by splines using an algorithm proposed by Chebyshev. The particle sizes predicted, at steady state for different experimental conditions, are in very good agreement with the experimental measurements.