The nervous system (NS) in its complexity still has some surprises in store for us. The developmental disorder of the NS during the embryonic period is at the origin of malformations of cortical development (CDM) which represent a major cause of mental and motor handicaps as well as severe epilepsy. Many anomalies of the latter (SN) are not yet described and will continue to be described over time given the significant advances in science observed in recent years. We describe here a syndrome called Kiza-Ntenga syndrome which would be strongly of embryonic origin and which is made of right cerebral hemiatrophy, facial asymmetry with prominence of the face ipsilaterally to the cerebral hemiatrophy, right hemierythroderma, secondarily generalized focal seizures, slight regression in speech and walking. And so, Kiza designates the name of the patient and Ntenga which designates the name of the author who described him.

BACKGROUND:Predatory journals (PJs) publish research with little to no rigorous peer review in exchange for money. It is unclear what proportion of researchers is vulnerable to PJs and which factors are associated with vulnerability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of African neurosurgery researchers to PJs and identify their correlates.METHODS:A 3-part electronic survey in English and French versions was distributed via social media to African consultants and trainees from November 1 to December 1, 2021. Bivariable relationships were evaluated with χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman ρ correlation, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS:There were 101 respondents to the survey (response rate 56.1%). Respondents had mean age of 34.9 years, 82.2% were male (n = 83), 38.6% were consultant neurosurgeons (n = 39), and 33.7% were from Central Africa (n = 34). Of respondents, 66 had published ≥ 1 articles in the past, and 13 had published at least 1 article in a PJ. A PJ had contacted 34 respondents via e-mail, and 8 respondents had reviewed articles for a PJ. The Think. Check. Submit initiative and Beall's list were familiar to 19 and 13 respondents, respectively. Publication in PJs was correlated with the respondent's age (R = 0.23, P = 0.02) and total scholarly output (R = 0.38, P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONS:Young African neurosurgery researchers are vulnerable to PJs primarily because they are not familiar with the concept of PJs or how to identify them.

background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) imposes an enormous burden on health systems and it is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in children. This study aimed at describing the causes, presentation, management, and outcome of children with TBI admitted at a tertiary referral hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. Methods. This prospective cohort study was conducted with a convenience sample of children aged ≤ 12 years and admitted with TBI at the study site from June 2018 to May 2019. The children were followed from their admission to one-month post-discharge. Sociodemographic, clinical, and neuroimaging data were collected. The median length of stay was calculated and the Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. results. 84 children with TBI were recruited. Most were males (66.7%) and (56.0%) had sustained TBI following a motor vehicle accident. An initial period of loss of consciousness that lasted a median of 6.5 (IQR = 4.8) hours was noted in 60.7% of patients. The most common symptom at presentation was headache (61.9%), and mild TBI was the most common type of TBI. Skeletal injuries were the most encountered associated injuries (13.1%) and the majority of patients were managed non-operatively – 79 (94.0%). Most patients (56.0%) experienced upper good recovery at one-month follow-up. conclusions. Motor vehicle accidents are the main cause of pediatric TBI in Zimbabwe. Most patients do not require surgical treatment and have a good recovery.

Ntenga syndrome, is one of the highly epileptogenic, non-metabolic craniopathy whose aetiology is not yet known. This syndrome makes a differential diagnosis with that of Morgagni-Stewart-Morel which is rare and / or rarely mentioned in current clinical practice (entity made of frontal hyperostosis, neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders). We report here a 58 years old female patient from Lubumbashi/ Democratic republic of Congo, followed for several years for multiform seizures, in whom the explorations of a status epilepticus, made possible to set up a new syndromic entity, called Ntenga syndrome made of a symptomatic triad (persistent multiform epileptic seizures, absence of endocrine disorder, hyperostosis frontalis interna). To date, a therapeutic protocol made of valproic acid and levetiracetam has significantly reduced to one seizure per month or even every 2 months. I think it is not without interest to report a very rare and / or new entity in the clinic

L’épilepsie est une pathologie qui traverse les âges, qui reste cependant sujette à des plusieurs interrogations et ombres malgré le progrès de la science. La particularité de survenir sur un cerveau en développement est à l’origine des plusieurs conséquences dont celles cognitivo-comportementales, pouvant impacter la scolarisation de l’enfant qui en souffre. Il s’agit d’une étude transversale prospective, analytique sur 4 mois (septembre 2017–décembre 2017) incluant les cas des enfants vivant avec épilepsie qui s’étaient présentés à la consultation pendant la période d’étude. Cette étude a été réalisée au centre neuropsychiatrique Docteur Joseph Ghislain Frères de la charité de Lubumbashi. RDC avec comme objectif d’analyser l’impact de l’épilepsie sur la scolarisation des enfants suivis pour épilepsie au CNPJG, de décrire les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, cliniques, paracliniques et thérapeutiques chez les enfants vivant avec épilepsie afin d’en dégager les déterminants de la scolarisation ainsi que le taux de scolarisation chez ces derniers. Nous avons colligé 25 patients avec un taux de scolarisation de 48,0 % des enfants vivant avec épilepsie à Lubumbashi. En dehors des troubles cognitifs bien connus dans les littératures, les crises répétées étaient les déterminants de la non scolarisation des enfants vivant avec épilepsie (92,3 % de cas ; p-value = 0,00). L’arrivée à la consultation après le début de la maladie était tardive, 66,7 % des enfants scolarisés et 46,2 % de ceux non scolarisés avaient consulté au moins une année après le début de la maladie. Les antécédents d’épilepsie en famille, le type de crise épileptique et le sexe n’avaient pas impacté la scolarisation des enfants vivant avec épilepsie. L’âge moyen des enfants vivant avec épilepsie était de 9,6 ± 3,9 ans et un âge moyen de début de crise qui était de 5,8 ± 3,0 ans chez les enfants scolarisés, et de 3,3 ± 3,6 ans chez les non scolarisés. Le taux de scolarisation des enfants vivant avec l’épilepsie est encore inférieur à la moyenne à Lubumbashi, RD Congo suite aux crises répétées. Il faut alors mettre en place un plan stratégique pour renverser la situation.

Motor impairment of cerebral origin is a syndrome that induces a reduction in activity, the origin of which is brain injury or a non-progressive and definitive abnormality occurring in a developing immature brain. Motor disability, spastic, dyskinetic or ataxic, is often associated with sensory, cognitive, sensory and behavioral disorders with or without epileptic disease. View of accidental discoveries of corpus callosum abnormalities, most often asymptomatic or associated with psychomotor retardation, epilepsy, neurological disorders or cardiomyopathy, a high technical platform must be available for its diagnosis. We report in this article the case of a 7-year-old boy followed at the neuropsychiatric center Joseph Guislain of the Brothers of Charity of Lubumbashi in Congo (DRC) since 2016 for generalized tonic-clonic seizures, in whom the diagnosis of cerebral palsy on cyst of corpus callosum and in the right parietal lobe, as well as cardiopathy was posed during its consultation in September 2017. This case was published with parental consent.

The annual rate of stroke is eloquent and is responsible for some 60,000 deaths with 130,000 to 150,000 new cases per year, or a stroke every four minutes. This pathology is a public health priority that is underestimated in terms of morbidity and mortality as well as in terms of medico-economic costs and burden for the health system. Recidivism is a predictive factor of lethality for the victim. We report in this article the case of a 58-year-old patient who had been admitted in the Neurology department at the Fann National University Hospital and who had an ischemic stroke 14 days after hospitalization for a hemorrhagic stroke. Its evolution was unfavorable marked by the death on day 33 of his hospitalization.

Cysticercosis is an endemic disease in many developing countries. This diagnosis is based on the cystic aspect of the lesions, particularly in case of stay in endemic areas and serology. The clinical manifestations are of very variable expression and go from the completely asymptomatic form to very severe tables putting at stake the vital prognosis of the patient. We report in this article the case of a 43-year-old woman who was admitted to the neuropsychiatric center Dr. Joseph Guislain of ‘’Brothers of Charity’’ in Lubumbashi/DRC for a neurocysticercosis revealed by a behavioral disorder and generalized tonic clonic seizures. She was treated with albendazole 15 mg/kg/day/15 days, phenobarbital 100 mg/day at 20 h, haldol 5 mg/day/10 days and prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day/15 days. Its evolution was marked by a clear improvement of its clinical condition under treatment.

Nerve locations of schistosomiasis are exceptional.However, Schistosomiasis is a public health probem in more countries.We're doing here a literature review of epidemiology and the diagnostic difficulty of complications due to schistosomiasis in particular those of the nervous system and this in the context of sub Saharan Africa and some endemic areas.Schistosomiasis is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Asia, the Middle East, and the Caribbean Islands.The majority of infections with Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma intercalatum are found in sub-Saharan Africa.The typical clinical diagnosis, acute schistosomiasis (Katayama fever) typically includes fever, urticarial swellings, myalgias, eosinophilia, and bloody diarrhea.Symptoms may last for weeks but are uncommon in populations with endemic infection.However, diagnostic techniques are not developed in this area of Africa.Also the low level of life of patients does not always allow the already available techniques in Africa.It is necessary that the scientific societies of tropical countries may develop diagnostic criteria for these parasitic myelopathies to harmonize clinical research results and ensure continuous training of clinicians in the diagnosis and management of this disease entity.

Tuberculosis is one of the septic cause of cerebral venous thrombosis specially in tropical areas. We report a left thrombose cavernous sinus case associated with a multifocal tuberculosis observed in a young lady aged of 24 y.o. She attended during 6 months a trabitherapic treatment for headaches which disturbed her sleep. A palpebral ptosis occurred and persisted during 10 days. An "esthetic reason motivates a consultation in the department of neurology. A pulmonary tuberculosis associated to a vascular encephalic were diagnosed. In spite of difficult medical adhesion, a complete clinical remission was obtained after 6 months of treatment.

La tuberculose est l’une des causes septiques de la thrombose veineuse cerebrale surtout en milieu tropical. Nous rapportons le cas d’une Thrombose du Sinus Caverneux (TSC) gauche associee a une tuberculose multifocale chez une dame de 24 ans. Elle avait consulte 6 mois durant les traditherapeutes pour traiter des cephalees d’installation et d’intensite progressives qui perturbaient son sommeil. La survenue et la persistance d’une ptose palpebrale pendant 10 jours et une “preoccupation esthetique“ motiva une consultation medicale specialisee. L’enquete etiologique avait conduit a la decouverte des lesions pulmonaires liees a une tuberculose et vasculaires encephaliques associees. Malgre son adhesion difficile au traitement medical, une remission clinique complete a ete obtenue au bout de 6 mois. Mots cles: Thrombose, Sinus caverneux, Tuberculose multifocale English Title: Thrombosis of cavernous sinus: a clinical case revealing multifocal tuberculosis and literature review English Abstract Tuberculosis is one of the septic cause of cerebral venous thrombosis specially in tropical areas. We report a left thrombose cavernous sinus case associated with a multifocal tuberculosis observed in a young lady aged of 24 y.o. She attended during 6 months a trabitherapic treatment for headaches which disturbed her sleep. A palpebral ptosis occurred and persisted during 10 days. An “esthetic reason motivates a consultation in the department of neurology. A pulmonary tuberculosis associated to a vascular encephalic were diagnosed. In spite of difficult medical adhesion, a complete clinical remission was obtained after 6 months of treatment. Keywords: Thrombosis, cavernous sinus, multifocal tuberculosis

The migraine is a chronic neurological disease that affects 10 to 12% of the population, with a clear preponderance females and this from puberty. The women report a longer attack duration. Presence and severity of associated symptoms, such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, vomiting, and cutaneous allodynia are more prevalent in women. Some clinical forms are well described as catamenial migraine. Several comorbidities have been described in migraine women. Among these diseases associated with migraine: vascular diseases, asthma, allergies, epilepsy, restless legs syndrome, and various chronic pain syndromes and psychiatric disorders. Treatment of migraine in women raises the difficulty of managing seizures and during pregnancy and the period of menstruation. The therapeutic difference mainly concerns menstrual migraine. In women with migraine, it is therefore recommended to be particularly attentive to comorbidities, the presence of which significantly increases the risk of arterial vascular events. Migraine is very common with a particular impact on the quality of life of women. These various specificities and their evolution over time must lead to continuous training of general practitioners, other specialists in women's health including gynecologists in order to reduce the morbidity of the disease by better prevention of crises through the harmonization of research by scientific societies from different continents.

Neuromyelitisoptica is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects astrocytes in the optic nerve and the spinal cord. It is characterized by outbreaks of transverse myelitis and retro bulbar optic neuropathy with a pejorative aspect in terms of prognosis and prognosis in the short and medium term. We report the case of A S, 32 years old, male, Senegalese living in Dakar, hospitalized in June 2016 at the neurological clinic of the CHU of FANN, Dakar-Senegal for aneuromyelitisoptica. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cervical myelitis extended to the thoracic cord. The search for antibodies to aquaporin 4 was positive, the visual evoked potential showed P100 latency. Lumbar puncture performed, showed a protein content to 0.73 g/l and 10 elements (cells). The patient was placed under corticosteroid therapy. His clinical picture was stationary in the short term, with a recovery of the walk at 5 months of the appointment.

The auto immune myasthenia comorbidity and Biermer disease is less documented and rarely brought in the literature. We bring back the observation of a Senegalese patient hospitalized in our department of Neurology at Fann hospital (Dakar). It concerned a patient aged 58 years followed up for auto-immune myasthenia to antibodies anti-receptors of acetylcholine Ac RACH since 8 years and having a benefit of recurrent blood transfusion with a blood group A rhesus positive. He was received on neurologic consultation for a tiredness associated to an effort dyspnea and a gastro esophageal reflux accompanied by vomiting. The interrogatory found palpitations which necessitated a hospitalization two month before. Physical examination had objective a myasthenia syndrome, an anemic syndrome on the other hand, sub icteric mucosa’s were noted but no melanodermia no glossite. The rest of the physical examination was without particularity. The diagnoses of the Biermer illness was carried out in front of the anemic syndrome, the chronicity of the symptomatology without notion of fluctuation and the complementary exams having as objective a low rate of hemoglobin and a deficit in vitamin B12. The origin auto-immune of this anemia was confirmed by the immunologic test which had put in evidence a high rate of anti-bodies anti- intrinsic factor. The patient benefited from a blood transfusion then a treatment from cobalamin (for life) was also installed associated to a symptomatic management of the patient. The evolution after 6 weeks of the treatment was favorable with a complete regression of the dyspnea, vomiting and the attenuation of the effort tiredness. Myasthenia gravis and Biermer disease comorbidity has to be discussed in front of every myasthenia patient presenting clinical signs of effort dyspnea to a chronic anemia because early diagnoses of this association of Biermer illness and myasthenia gravis favors a better prognosis and not to progress to the combined degeneration of the spinal cord. The autoimmune substratum of the mechanism of this comorbidity remains to be elucidated but in all cases multidisciplinary management is necessary.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or drug hypersensitivity syndrome, or even drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare and often unknown reactions. It has been used for the first time in 1996 by Bocquet and characterised by demonstrations at type of generalized rash of hyperthermia, polyadenopathy, breach united or it’s including a hepatic cytolysis, of hypereosinophilia, of acute renal failure. Here, we report two cases of DRESS syndrome after a traitmeent by Phenobarbital. They are a man aged 26 and a woman of 32 years who are patients known epileptics whose man presented a DRESS Syndrome three weeks after the beginning of Phenobarbital taken while the woman developed her symptomatology after two weeks of taking the treatment. The 26-year-old patient had a hepatocellular insufficiency associated with lung damage. The 32-year-old patient had not other complications but was in an array of severe dehydration. We had carried the biological tests and medical imaging for the assessment of extension. HIV status was negative in our two patients. Two patients after a stop of Phenobarbital benefited each symptomatic treatment and a prescription of sodium valproate. Evolution was marked in the two patients by a sharp decline of the hypereosinophilia and other biological markers. However, a few episodes of generalized seizures were noted following the change of Phenobarbital. Dress syndrome must be discussed in any patient taking phenobarbital and presents cutaneous signs because early treatment is necessary to avoid complications and improves the prognosis.

Only 1% to 5% of HIV patients who develop a direct complications following. HIV infection can result in stroke via several mechanisms, including opportunistic infection, vasculopathy, cardioembolism, and coagulopathy. It is a rare association, here we report the case of a woman of 69 years immunocompromised who Stroke diagnosed without another etiology found despite an etiologic assessment of the most common causes in our context. The patient had received treatment with an overall favorable evolution. Before a stroke recurrent of unknown etiology should think of HIV as this will allow appropriate treatment. The mechanism can be related with syphilis (Vasculitis) or by direct action of the virus on the central nervous system.

Hemorrhagic stroke is a public health priority that is underestimated both in terms of morbidity and mortality and in terms of medico-economic costs and the burden of care for the health system.It remains unrecognized by both the public and health professionals.The presence of several possible causes in a patient puts the clinician in a perplexed state.We discuss in this article the etiologies of a hemorrhagic stroke in a patient with a history of hemorrhagic ulcerative colitis, hepatitis C virus.Hospitalized in the Neurological clinic of Fann National Teaching Hospital in Dakar-Senegal for hemorrhagic stroke in a context of high blood pressure and bleeding disorder made of a hemorrhagic syndrome.The patient was treated symptomatically with antihypertensive drugs, physiotherapy; its vital prognosis was good and he is still followed in the service.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disease of unknown cause, characterized biologically by producing multiple autoantibodies, the most characteristics are directed against some kernel components such as deoxyribonucleic acid and native nucleosomes. Neurological manifestations are frequent and polymorphous. They are dominated by central attacks, while peripheral attacks are rarer. We report the case of LS, 34 years old, female, Senegalese, divorced, and followed for years for a SLE, living in Dakar, hospitalized in October 2016 at the Neurological Clinic of FANN National Teaching Hospital, Dakar-Senegal for a demyelinating polyneuropathy complicating Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). An electro neuro myogram showed elongation of distal latencies in the lower limbs, lengthening of F waves in the lower limbs, and decreased conduction velocity in the lower limbs. The search for native anti-DNA antibodies was positive. The outcome was fatal with one death on day 41 of his hospitalization.