L’érosion du compartiment médial du coude chez le chien est caractérisée par une perte totale du cartilage avec exposition de l’os sous-chondral de la partie médiale du condyle huméral et de la zone ulnaire en regard. Les signes cliniques peuvent varier mais une boiterie avec une douleur à la manipulation sont toujours présents. Cette érosion peut être concomitante d’une atteinte du processus coronoïde médial ou d’une ostéochondrose. Elle est également observée de façon isolée. Avec l’essor de l’arthroscopie, cette maladie est plus souvent diagnostiquée. Hormis la prise en charge médicamenteuse habituelle de l’arthrose, le traitement est chirurgical. La mise en place d’une prothèse unicompartimentale « CUE » est une des techniques disponibles. Elle permet de suppléer partiellement les surfaces articulaires érodées du compartiment médial du coude. Les résultats à 6 mois postopératoires sont bons avec un faible taux de complications.The erosion of the medial compartment of the elbow in dogs is characterized by a total loss of cartilage with exposure of the subchondral bone of the medial part of the humeral condyle and the opposite ulnar zone. Clinical signs may vary but lameness with handling pain is always present. This erosion can be concomitant with a medial coronoid disease or an osteochondrosis. It is likewise observed in isolation. With the development of arthroscopy, this disease is more often diagnosed. Apart from the usual drug management of osteoarthrosis, surgery should be considered. One of the techniques available is the placement of a unicompartimental prosthesis “CUE”. This technique allows a partial replacement of the eroded joint surfaces of the medial compartment of the elbow. The clinical results 6 months after surgery are good with a low rate of complications.

Background : Radiotherapy (RT) is currently considered the treatment of choice for presumed canine intracranial gliomas. However, variable therapeutic responses are described, due to heterogeneous populations and different radiation methods or protocols. Only one study dedicated to intracranial suspected glioma highlighted prognostic criteria. Determination or confirmation of specific clinical and imaging prognostic factors may guide the therapeutic management of these tumours. The objectives were to provide data on long-term clinical outcome (including quality of life, QoL) and to determine specific prognostic factors associated with survival time. We report a single-institution retrospective study, including all dogs with suspected symptomatic primary solitary intracranial glioma, treated with a complete uniform fractionated megavoltage radiation protocol of 15x3Gy over 5 weeks, between January 2013 and February 2019. Thirty-eight client-owned dogs were included. Medical records were retrospectively evaluated for median overall survival time (MST), clinical and imaging responses. Prognostic factors on survival were researched in terms of signalment, clinical presentation, tumour imaging characteristics and response following RT. Finally, the RT’s impact on the dogs’ clinical signs and Qol were evaluated by the owners. Results: The disease-specific MST was 698 days (95% CI: 598-1135). Survival at 1 and 2 years were respectively 74.2±7.4% and 49.0±9.8%. Initial clinical signs were related to survival, as well as tumour characteristics such as cystic-pattern, mass effect and Tumour/Brain volume ratio. No significant adverse effect or radiotoxicity was observed. Conclusions: RT appears as a safe and effective treatment for canine intracranial gliomas, allowing long-term tumour control, improvement of life’s quality and management of associated clinical signs. The initial clinical signs and MRI characteristics (Tumour/Brain volume ratio, cyst-like lesion and mass effect) may help predict the prognosis.

This review has been published by the Société centrale canine (SCC) and the Fédération cynologique internationale (FCI) on the occasion of the 3rd International Dog Health Workshop in Paris (April 2017), as a chapter of the book: “Standards, health and genetics in dogs” (Guintard and Leroy, 2017), as a tribute and dedicated to Raymond Triquet and Renée Sporre-Willes, who were the two last presidents of the FCI standard commission and worked for many years for recognition and health of dog breeds. Its reprint was made possible with permission of editors (SCC, FCI) and authors. The authors thought it important to demonstrate the need for collaboration between disciplines: between veterinarians, researchers, doctors, breeders and dog fanciers, in the interest of dogs to ensure better health and better genetic management of breeds in a context in which the emerging genetic tests may prove very useful, but must be used wisely. Working in close collaboration for many years between the CNRS genetic research team in Rennes and Doctors Gilles Chaudieu, Eric Guaguère, Jean-Pierre Genevois and Patrick Devauchelle permit to propose a focus on the state of knowledge and on certain projects led by the Rennes lab in ophthalmology, dermatology, orthopedics and oncology. In dogs, the quest for conformation with the breed standard has resulted in the selection of specific alleles to meet the desired criteria (different aptitudes, morphological and physiological traits). Indeed, dogs, with more than 400 breeds, represent genetic isolates within which individuals belonging to the same breed share the same phenotype and almost the same genotype in order to meet the desired criteria. Unfortunately, this selection has also resulted in the concentration of deleterious alleles, causing genetic diseases in many dog breeds. We will therefore stress the importance of exchange, collaboration, comparison and complementary expertise, in order to use the resources and the genetic methods now available to us, with mutual understanding between actors in veterinary medicine, dog breeding and research. Moreover, we will use selected examples to demonstrate the importance of comparative pathology and genetics in dogs for veterinary and human medicine in order to identify the genetic causes of homologous diseases between humans and dogs, and to eventually improve the screening and treatment of these diseases in the dogs and their owners.

The objective of this randomised, controlled, parallel-group monocentric clinical trial was to assess the efficacy (at low and high dose) and the safety (at high dose) of a recombinant canarypox virus (ALVAC®) expressing feline interleukin 2 (IL-2). ALVAC IL-2 was administered to cats as an adjunct treatment of feline fibrosarcoma in complement to surgery and brachytherapy (reference treatment). Seventy-one cats with a first occurrence of feline fibrosarcoma were referred to the Veterinary Oncology Centre for post-surgical radiotherapy. They were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: reference treatment group (23 cats), ALVAC IL-2 low dose group (25 cats) and ALVAC IL-2 high dose group (23 cats). Two dosages of ALVAC IL-2 were used to assess both safety (high dose) and efficacy (high and low doses). The treatment consisted of six consecutive doses of ALVAC IL-2 administered subcutaneously at the tumour site on Day 0 (one day before brachytherapy treatment), Day 7, Day 14, Day 21, Day 35 and Day 49. All cats were evaluated for relapse (i.e. local tumour recurrence and/or metastasis) every three months for at least one year (ALVAC IL-2 high dose group) or two years (reference treatment and ALVAC IL-2 low dose groups) by complete physical examination and regular CT scans. ALVAC IL-2 treatment was well tolerated and adverse effects were limited to mild local reactions. ALVAC IL-2 treatment resulted in a significant longer median time to relapse (>730days in the ALVAC IL-2 low dose group) than in the reference treatment group (287days), and a significant reduction of the risk of relapse by 56% at one year (ALVAC IL-2 treatment groups versus reference treatment group) and 65% at two years (ALVAC IL-2 low dose treatment group versus reference treatment group).

Liens [1] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20412 [2] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20413 [3] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20414 [4] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20340 [5] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20416 [6] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20417 [7] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20418 [8] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20419 [9] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20420 [10] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20421 [11] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20422 [12] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/anne.clavreul/publications [13] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/a.rou/publications [14] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20406 [15] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/ph.menei/publications [16] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications?f%5Bauthor%5D=20423 [17] http://okina.univ-angers.fr/publications/ua11536

Le traitement des tumeurs cérébrales des carnivores domestiques s’articule autour de deux axes : le traitement symptomatique et le traitement étiologique. Le premier, non spécifique de la cause sous-jacente, vise à lutter contre les crises convulsives et l’hypertension intracrânienne. Le second doit être cytoréducteur ou au minimum ralentir la croissance tumorale. Peu de tumeurs cérébrales peuvent faire l’objet d’exérèse chirurgicale. La chirurgie est ainsi presque exclusivement réservée aux méningiomes, dans un but curatif dans l’espèce féline et dans un but cytoréducteur uniquement dans l’espèce canine. Chez le chien, une radiothérapie adjuvante améliore notablement le pronostic. La radiothérapie apparaît à ce jour comme le traitement palliatif de choix des autres tumeurs intracrâniennes (ou de tout méningiome non opérable). Les données disponibles à ce jour en médecine vétérinaire sont toutefois encore limitées, en l’absence d’étude comparative et souvent sans confirmation histologique de la nature de la lésion traitée. Elles portent principalement sur les méningiomes, les tumeurs identifiées comme tumeurs gliales en imagerie et les tumeurs hypophysaires. De longues médianes de survie sont rapportées après radiothérapie seule sur ces deux derniers types tumoraux (près de deux ans dans certaines publications). Les données concernant la chimiothérapie sont encore plus restreintes, limitées à quelques descriptions isolées d’utilisation de molécules passant la barrière hémato-encéphalique (nitroso-urées, cytosine arabinoside).

Les proliférations histiocytaires canines comptent à l’heure actuelle plusieurs entités distinctes sur le plan épidémiologique, clinique et pathologique. Cet article est consacré au sarcome histiocytaire disséminé, précédemment appelé histiocytose maligne, pour lequel une étude sur la recherche de ses bases génétiques est en cours au CNRS de Rennes. Nous présenterons les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, cliniques et pathologiques de cette affection, obtenues grâce à l’analyse de 100 cas de sarcomes histiocytaires chez le Bouvier Bernois. L’âge moyen des chiens, au moment du diagnostic, est de six ans et demi, mâles et femelles étant également atteints et la moyenne de leur durée de vie après le diagnostic n’est que de 49 jours. Nous exposerons les données obtenues consécutives à l’analyse d’un arbre généalogique de plus de 300 Bouviers bernois dont nous avons extrait les ADN pour les études génétiques en cours. Nous proposons un mode de transmission oligogénique et montrons que dans les familles de Bouviers bernois présentant un ou des chiens atteints de sarcome histiocytaire, les risques de développer d’autres cancers sont accrus.

Le terme d'histiocytose regroupe un ensemble d'affections qui se caracterisent par une accumulation et/ou une proliferation d'histiocytes: categorie cellulaire complexe comprenant a la fois la population monocytes/ macrophages et la population de cellules dendritiques (dont les cellules de Langerhans). Ces proliferations histiocytaires ne sont pas toutes tumorales. La forme la plus frequente est le sarcome histiocytaire qui se developpe soit a partir d'un site d'ou peut s'operer une dissemination metastatique, soit de facon multicentrique (histiocytose maligne au sens strict). La forme multicentrique predomine chez le bouvier bernois, alors que la forme localisee est plus frequente chez les retrievers. Le diagnostic est avant tout cytopathologique ou histopathologique. Pour les formes localisees, le traitement chirurgical doit etre precoce et drastique. Pour les formes multicentriques, differents protocoles de chimiotherapie sont decrits mais sans reelle efficacite.

BACKGROUND Activation of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is associated with the development of canine mast cell tumors (MCT). HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of masitinib, a potent and selective inhibitor of KIT, in the treatment of canine MCT. ANIMALS Two hundred and two client-owned dogs with nonmetastatic recurrent or nonresectable grade II or III MCT. METHODS Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial. Dogs were administered masitinib (12.5 mg/kg/d PO) or a placebo. Time-to-tumor progression (TTP), overall survival, objective response at 6 months, and toxicity were assessed. RESULTS Masitinib increased overall TTP compared with placebo from 75 to 118 days (P = .038). This effect was more pronounced when masitinib was used as first-line therapy, with an increase in the median TTP from 75 to 253 days (P = .001) and regardless of whether the tumors expressed mutant (83 versus not reached [P = .009]) or wild-type KIT (66 versus 253 [P = .008]). Masitinib was generally well tolerated, with mild (grade I) or moderate (grade II) diarrhea or vomiting as the most common adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Masitinib is safe and effective at delaying tumor progression in dogs presenting with recurrent or nonresectable grade II or III nonmetastatic MCT.