We compared results of different methods of multicomponent receiver orientation analysis using data from the Big Sky 9C-3D survey, including polarization analysis, polarity flip mapping, and sensor null mapping. Polarization analysis and polarity flip mapping provided inconclusive or non-physical results. We found the most consistent results by mapping nulls in the H1 and H2 sensitivity patterns using trial rotations to radial/transverse coordinates and computing semblance over a window containing the first arrivals. We use the ratio of maximum to minimum semblance energy of all trials to quantify the null depth as a quality control factor. For receiver gathers with a large null depth, the computed orientation angles better fit data than nominal field orientations. By comparing semblance calculations over different offset ranges, we can determine the optimal offset range for orientation analyses through spatial maps of the null depths after analysis rather than attempting to pre-select the optimal range. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 19, 2016 Start Time: 1:30:00 PM Location: 166 Presentation Type: ORAL

Multicomponent seismic data allow geologic sequences to be defined with both P-waves and S-waves. These two distinct types of body waves provide different options for defining stratigraphy and facies within stratigraphic intervals. Either wave (P or S) can propagate as fast and slow modes in

PreviousNext No AccessMulticomponent Seismic Technology5. Depth Registration of P and S DataAuthors: Bob A. HardageMichael V. DeAngeloPaul E. MurrayDiana SavaBob A. HardageSearch for more papers by this author, Michael V. DeAngeloSearch for more papers by this author, Paul E. MurraySearch for more papers by this author, and Diana SavaSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch5 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introduction Two critical assumptions are involved in elastic wavefield stratigraphy: (1) Across some stratigraphic intervals, one mode of an elastic wavefield might show different seismic sequences and facies than its companion modes do, and (2) S-wave seismic sequences and facies are just as important in geologic interpretation as P-wave seismic sequences and facies are. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch5FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Multicomponent Seismic TechnologyISBN (print):978-1-56080-282-2ISBN (online):978-1-56080-289-1Copyright: 2011 Pages: 335 publication data© 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2011 CITATION INFORMATION Bob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Sava, (2011), "5. Depth Registration of P and S Data," Geophysical References Series : 161-178. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch5 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

PreviousNext No AccessMulticomponent Seismic Technology6. Multicomponent Data InterpretationAuthors: Bob A. HardageMichael V. DeAngeloPaul E. MurrayDiana SavaBob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Savahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch6 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introduction The principles of seismic stratigraphy form the basis of modern seismic data interpretation. Seismic stratigraphy was formalized as a science by researchers at Exxon and was made available to the public through AAPG Memoir 26, published in 1977 by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (Payton, 1977). After the publication of Memoir 26, an intense period of industry education focused on the concepts and applications of seismic stratigraphy in the late 1970s and into the 1980s. Several books were published to promote the science (Sheriff, 1980; Berg and Woolverton, 1985; Hardage, 1987), articles too numerous to cite were published to provide case histories, and short courses were held in many oil companies and among professional societies to implement seismic-stratigraphy practice. As a result, the interpretational principles of seismic stratigraphy became the accepted methodology for interpreting seismic images of subsurface geology in the early 1980s, and the science of seismic stratigraphy now is practiced widely and consistently. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch6FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Multicomponent Seismic TechnologyISBN (print):978-1-56080-282-2ISBN (online):978-1-56080-289-1Copyright: 2011 Pages: 335 publication data© 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2011 CITATION INFORMATION Bob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Sava, (2011), "6. Multicomponent Data Interpretation," Geophysical References Series : 179-198. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch6 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

PreviousNext No AccessMulticomponent Seismic Technology4. Rock PhysicsAuthors: Bob A. HardageMichael V. DeAngeloPaul E. MurrayDiana SavaBob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Savahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch4 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introduction Rock physics is an essential part of multicomponent seismic technology. Knowledge of rock-physics principles is required to understand the behavior of P and S reflections at targeted interfaces and to explain why a P-wave image across a stratigraphic interval might look different from an S-wave image although both are correct descriptions of geologic properties that affect P- and S-wave propagation. This chapter considers two sources of rock-physics information — principles found by doing physical measurements on rock samples in a laboratory and principles developed by analyzing theoretical models of rock and fluid systems. The objective is to understand how rock and fluid properties affect P- and S-wave propagation in real rocks. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch4FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Multicomponent Seismic TechnologyISBN (print):978-1-56080-282-2ISBN (online):978-1-56080-289-1Copyright: 2011 Pages: 335 publication data© 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2011 CITATION INFORMATION Bob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Sava, (2011), "4. Rock Physics," Geophysical References Series : 125-160. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch4 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

A series of mono- and di-substituted analogues of isocryptolepine have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and resistant (W2mef) Plasmodium falciparum and for cytotoxicity (3T3 cells). Di-halogenated compounds were the most potent derivatives and 8-bromo-2-chloroisocryptolepine displayed the highest selectivity index (106; the ratio of cytotoxicity (IC(50)=9005 nM) to antimalarial activity (IC(50)=85 nM)). Our evaluation of novel isocryptolepine compounds has demonstrated that di-halogenated derivatives are promising antimalarial lead compounds.

PreviousNext No AccessMulticomponent Seismic Technology7. Marine Examples and ApplicationsAuthors: Bob A. HardageMichael V. DeAngeloPaul E. MurrayDiana SavaBob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Savahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch7 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introduction Because there is no viable S-wave source that can be deployed on the seafloor, multicomponent seismic data acquired in marine environments are constrained to data recorded by seafloor sensors (typically four-component [4C] sensors) and generated by air-gun arrays towed at the sea surface. Thus, SH-SH data are not available for marine applications. An SV-SV mode can be used in rare instances in which the seafloor is sufficiently hard for a downgoing P-wave to generate a robust P-to-SV mode conversion directly at the water-seafloor interface (Tatham and Goolsbee, 1984). The seafloor then becomes a secondary source from which a downgoing SV mode illuminates subseafloor strata. For those reasons, only two wave modes are emphasized in marine multicomponent seismic data — the P-P mode and the P-SV mode. The applications that are illustrated in this chapter apply equally well to onshore prospects. Those examples are collected into this chapter only because the data were acquired in a marine environment, not because there is some uniqueness to marine geology or to marine seismic data. One exception to this generalization is the use of 4C data to image near-seafloor strata in deep water. This application is unique to the marine environment because there is a large elevation difference between the surface source and the seafloor receiver that allows P-P and P-SV data to be processed like walkaway vertical-seismic-profile (VSP) data. This extension of VSP data-processing principles to marine 4C data allows near-seafloor strata immediately below a receiver station to be imaged with high resolution. No equivalent source-receiver geometry in which there is a large difference between the elevations of source and receiver can be used onshore except a walkaway VSP, which requires access to a deep well. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch7FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Multicomponent Seismic TechnologyISBN (print):978-1-56080-282-2ISBN (online):978-1-56080-289-1Copyright: 2011 Pages: 335 publication data© 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2011 CITATION INFORMATION Bob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Sava, (2011), "7. Marine Examples and Applications," Geophysical References Series : 199-242. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch7 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

PreviousNext No AccessMulticomponent Seismic Technology3. Multicomponent Data ProcessingAuthors: Bob A. HardageMichael V. DeAngeloPaul E. MurrayDiana SavaBob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Savahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch3 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Introduction Multicomponent seismic data processing is a complex subject that would require a separate book to cover all aspects of the topic in a thorough manner. This chapter summarizes only basic principles and is not intended to be a complete treatise on multicomponent data-processing concepts and strategies. When nine-component (9C) data are acquired, processing S-wave data propagating in isotropic media is in concept no different than processing conventional single-component P-wave data because SH-SH and SV-SV modes satisfy the constraints of common-mid-point (CMP) data processing just as P data do. The fundamental requirement for CMP processing is that the velocity of the downgoing mode must be the same as the velocity of the upgoing mode. That assumption is valid for SH-SH and SV-SV data just as it is for P-P data. Because CMP data-processing software and expertise are widespread, processing 9C data to make SH-SH and SV-SV images is not a great challenge to a data processor skilled in processing conventional P-P data. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch3FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byIncorporating 3C seismic data quantitatively for enhanced geologic detail in an oil sands reservoirLaurie Weston Bellman8 September 2014 | Interpretation, Vol. 2, No. 4 Multicomponent Seismic TechnologyISBN (print):978-1-56080-282-2ISBN (online):978-1-56080-289-1Copyright: 2011 Pages: 335 publication data© 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2011 CITATION INFORMATION Bob A. Hardage, Michael V. DeAngelo, Paul E. Murray, and Diana Sava, (2011), "3. Multicomponent Data Processing," Geophysical References Series : 77-124. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802891.ch3 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

A 2D four-component ocean-bottom-cable seismic survey, originally acquired for the exploration of deeper hydrocarbon targets, was used to estimate near-seafloor hydrate concentrations in the Genesis Field, Green Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico. The high-resolution properties of the P-P and P-SV processed as common-receiver gathers were utilized to image subtle features of near-seafloor geology. Interpretation of depth equivalent events on P-P and P-SV near-offset images constrained V(P)/V(S) ratios and zero-offset reflection times. These events were used as inputs to create near-seafloor (<600 m below seafloor) compressional-wave and shear-wave interval velocity models. These interval velocities were used with local resistivity logs to estimate hydrate concentration using a statistical joint inversion procedure. This joint inversion method is especially critical for estimating hydrate concentration in deep-water near-seafloor strata because of the lack of sonic log measurements across the hydrate stability zone.

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010Estimating Pore Pressure Using Compressional and Shear Wave Data from Multicomponent Seismic Nodes in Atlantis Field, Deepwater Gulf of MexicoAuthors: Jeff C. KaoRobert H. TathamPaul E. MurrayJeff C. KaoDept of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin; Presently Nexen Inc.Search for more papers by this author, Robert H. TathamDept of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at AustinSearch for more papers by this author, and Paul E. MurrayBureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at AustinSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.3513156 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Abstract Pore pressures for the shallow sub‐seafloor sediments at the Atlantis field are estimated by analysis of P and S wave velocities observed seismic data recorded by a patch of ocean‐bottom multicomponent nodes. A modified Eaton's algorithm for pressure prediction is applied, and estimated overpressure locations are compared to known hazardous shallow water flow zones evaluated from a batch‐set drilling project.Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3513156FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byQuantitative Analysis of Geopressure for Geoscientists and Engineers10 February 2021 | , Vol. 74Applications of shear waves in modern seismic technology: overview and examplesEstimation of upper limit of pore pressure by fault stability analysis20 April 2016 | Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 3A review on multicomponent seismology: A potential seismic application for reservoir characterizationJournal of Advanced Research, Vol. 7, No. 3 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2010 ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645 Copyright: 2010 Pages: 4453 publication data© 2010 Copyright © 2010 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 21 Oct 2010 CITATION INFORMATION Jeff C. Kao, Robert H. Tatham, and Paul E. Murray, (2010), "Estimating Pore Pressure Using Compressional and Shear Wave Data from Multicomponent Seismic Nodes in Atlantis Field, Deepwater Gulf of Mexico," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1641-1645. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3513156 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...

Four-component ocean-bottom-cable (4-C OBC) seismic data acquired in deep water across the Gulf of Mexico were used to study near-sea-floor geologic characteristics of fluid-gas expulsion systems. Although these 4-C OBC data were acquired to evaluate oil and gas prospects far below the sea floor, the data have great value for studying near-sea-floor geology. The research results summarized here stress the importance of the converted-shear-wave (P-SV) mode extracted from 4-C OBC data. In deep water, the P-SV mode creates an image of near-sea-floor strata that has a spatial resolution an order of magnitude better than the resolution of compressional wave (P-P) data regardless of whether the P-P data are acquired with OBC technology or with conventional towed-cable seismic technology. This increased resolution allows the P-SV mode to define seismic sequences, seismic facies, small-throw faults, and small-scale structures that cannot be detected with P-P seismic data.

We have evaluated hydrate concentrations across deep-water areas of Green Canyon, Gulf of Mexico, using well log data and four-component (4C) seismic data acquired by companies interested in deep oil and gas targets, not in near-seafloor hydrates. Even though the data are not acquired for purposes of studying nearseafloor geology, we have found these off-the-shelf industry data to be invaluable for evaluating hydrate systems positioned close to the sea floor. We summarize our data analyses and initial research findings in this publication as a two-paper sequence.

most accolades from professional peers. Our study found that hydrate is pervasive across the two study areas that were analyzed but exists at low concentrations. Although our joint inversion technique showed that in some limited areas, and in some geologic units across those small areas, hydrates occupied up to 40-percent of the sediment pore space, we found that when hydrate was present, hydrate concentration tended to occupy only 10-percent to 20-percent of the pore volume. We also found that hydrate concentration tended to be greater near the base of the hydrate stability zone than it was within the central part of the stability zone.

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008Simultaneous P‐ and S‐wave interval velocity model building of near‐seafloor geology using OBC dataAuthors: Paul E. MurrayMichael V. DeAngeloPaul E. MurrayBureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at AustinSearch for more papers by this author and Michael V. DeAngeloBureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at AustinSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.3059104 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Using 2D OBC data processed in common‐receiver gathers (CRG), we created P‐ and S‐wave interval velocity models of the near‐seafloor (<600 m below seafloor). Interpretation of depth‐equivalent events on P‐P and P‐S near‐offset images constrained Vp/Vs ratios and zero‐offset reflection times. These were then used as inputs to an interactive ray‐ tracing velocity analysis which derived 1D models of layer thickness and interval Vp and Vs from P‐P and P‐S reflection events on CRGs. We found iteration of depth registration with velocity analysis to be critical to creating physically consistent velocity models over large areas. Flattening provided a higher degree of accuracy in velocity model building than the use of stretch‐inducing moveout. In some instances, analysis of P‐S events provided additional constraint on the Vp velocity model not possible using the P‐P data alone.Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3059104FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByDeep-water subsurface imaging using OBS interferometryOlivier Carrière and Peter Gerstoft4 February 2013 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 78, No. 2 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2008ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2008 Pages: 3713 publication data© 2008 Copyright © 2008 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 15 Dec 2008 CITATION INFORMATION Paul E. Murray and Michael V. DeAngelo, (2008), "Simultaneous P‐ and S‐wave interval velocity model building of near‐seafloor geology using OBC data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1038-1042. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3059104 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...