This paper gives a review of the processing of carbon nano-composites for improved mechanical properties. Carbon Nanotubes are recognized as potential fillers for reinforcement of bulk materials. Three types of nanotubes – single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon nano-fibers (CNF) are being tried. The mechanical properties of the SWCNT are best, followed by MWCNT, and then the CNF. Epoxy resin is a matrix material that has wide application in industry. A perfect integration of nanotubes and epoxy would thus have many structural applications. Carbon nanotubes after synthesis occur in clumps and do not disperse easily. Also, they do not have any ‘chemical handles’ on their surface through which they can readily react with the matrix. The effect of both of the above mentioned factors is that nanotubes cannot be directly used with the matrix to get improved properties. Hence, there is a need to modify the surface properties of nanotubes for improved dispersion and better bonding with the matrix.

Building artificial nerves for smart structures and for structural health monitoring is discussed. Structural Health Monitoring refers to using in-situ sensors to monitor the strains and strain waves and from these interpret the health of a structure in real-time. This will allow a structure to be operated at its maximum performance and efficiency while minimizing fatigue and other damage. To achieve this capability on a large structure, artificial nerves are used to mimic the biological nervous system. Two design concepts for nerve fibers are considered; piezoceramic active fibers and carbon nanotube conductive fibers. The piezoceramic fibers are self-powered and can sense acoustic emissions and dynamic strains due to damage. The carbon nanotube fibers change conductance when strained and can sense high strain due to damage. The processes being developed to fabricate the two types of nerves are discussed and some initial experimental results are presented.