Pre-clerkship medical students benefit from practice questions that provide rationales for answer choices. Creating these rationales is a time-intensive endeavor. Therefore, not all practice multiple choice questions (MCQ) have corresponding explanations to aid learning. The authors examined artificial intelligence's (AI) potential to create high-quality answer rationales for clinical vignette-style MCQs. The authors conducted a single-center pre-post intervention survey study in August 2023 assessing 8 pre-clerkship course director (CD) attitudes towards GPT-4 generated answer rationales to clinical vignette style MCQs. Ten MCQs from each course's question bank were selected and input into GPT-4 with instructions to select the best answer and generate rationales for each answer choice. CDs were provided their unmodified GPT-4 interactions to assess the accuracy, clarity, appropriateness, and likelihood of implementation of the rationales. CDs were asked about time spent reviewing and making necessary modifications, satisfaction, and receptiveness in using GPT-4 for this purpose. GPT-4 correctly answered 75/80 (93.8%) questions on the first attempt. CDs were receptive to using GPT-4 for rationale generation and all were satisfied with the generated rationales. CDs determined that the majority of rationales were very accurate (77.5%), very clear (83.8%) and very appropriate (93.8%). Most rationales could be implemented with little or no modification (88.3%). All CDs would implement AI-generated answer rationales with CD editorial insights. Most CDs (75%) took ≤ 4 min to review a set of generated rationales for a question. GPT-4 is an acceptable and feasible tool for generating accurate, clear and appropriate answer rationales for MCQs in medical education. Future studies should examine students' feedback to generated rationales and further explore generating rationales for question with media. The authors plan to explore the implementation of this technological application at their medical school, including logistics and training to create a streamlined process that benefits both learners and educators. Not applicable; not a clinical trial.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition that presents with painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Injectable triamcinolone acetonide is widely used to manage acute HS flares; however, there is no consensus on optimal dosing or administration techniques. This systematic review aims to review the literature, evaluate the effectiveness of triamcinolone injections for HS, and propose treatment guidelines based on existing evidence. We conducted a systematic review of studies that evaluated triamcinolone therapy for HS using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. A total of 13 studies with 549 participants were included. Data were extracted on dosing, administration techniques (with and without ultrasound guidance), efficacy outcomes, and adverse events. The review included 4 retrospective cohort studies, 4 prospective cohort studies, 2 case series, 1 case report, 1 randomized controlled trial, and 1 case–control study. Intralesional triamcinolone (ILTAC) was found to be effective in reducing HS lesion size, inflammation, and patient-reported pain across multiple studies. Ultrasound-assisted injections improved precision in needle placement and lesion targeting, leading to better clinical outcomes, particularly for fistulas and abscesses. Common adverse events included localized skin atrophy and pigmentary changes, which were dose-dependent. Glycemic decompensation was noted in some patients with diabetes. While ILTAC is an effective option for treating acute HS flares, significant variability exists in dosing and administration techniques. Ultrasound guidance enhances the accuracy of injections and improves outcomes, particularly in more severe or complex cases. However, limitations such as inconsistent study methodologies, small sample sizes, and lack of standardization in treatment protocols hinder definitive conclusions about optimal dosing strategies. Triamcinolone injections are an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for managing HS flares. Based on the evidence, we provide treatment guidelines to standardize dosing and administration techniques, including the use of ultrasound guidance where applicable. Further research is necessary to establish more precise recommendations for dosage based on lesion size and HS severity.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair loss disease driven by cytokine dysregulation. While its associated inflammation has traditionally been thought of as limited to hair follicles, recent data suggests inflammation may be occurring at a systemic level. Venous thromboembolisms (VTE) potentially share a similar pathophysiology with AA involving immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Treatment of AA beyond topical glucocorticoids can include systemic steroids and most recently JAK inhibitors (baricitinib), both of which have been associated with increased risk of VTE. Recent reports have suggested an association of VTE and AA. Therefore, it is of importance to further investigate this potential relationship as these treatments become more widespread. We conducted a retrospective case-control study using the All of Us database. We found 926 alopecia areata patients, who were then nearest-neighbor propensity score matched without replacement to 3704 controls (patients without AA) at a 4:1 ratio selecting for sex, race, ethnicity, and age. Student's t-tests were used to assess differences between alopecia patients and matched controls. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of alopecia on VTE. There were significantly more VTEs in AA patients compared to controls [1.8% (n=17), 0.4% (n=14), p<0.001]. Multivariable regression revealed increased odds of 4.93 (95% CI 2.41, 10.08) of VTE in patients with AA. Our study builds on the literature that AA is associated with increased odds of VTE while controlling for sex, race, ethnicity, and age. Notwithstanding the retrospective study design, further investigation of this association and its pathophysiology is warranted.

Alopecia areata (AA), depression, anxiety, and decreased quality of life are highly associated in the literature. It has been noted that there is an increased risk of substance use in those with AA to help cope with the psychological burdens and perceived stigmatization. This study aims to explore the relationship between substance use disorder (SUD) and scarring/non-scarring alopecia using the All of Us database. Of the 9,385 patients with alopecia, 8.4% had SUD of any kind. Multivariable regression revealed that alopecia is a potential protective factor against SUD when controlling for other covariates of significance, with a decreased odds of 0.73. Substance use disorder prevalence was not different between scarring and non-scarring alopecia. This may be the result of patients fearing exacerbation of hair loss, or due to increased mental health and community support in patients with alopecia. Dermatologists and primary care providers should continue to promote psychotherapy and community support to patients whose diagnosis of alopecia has a negative psychosocial impact.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory disorder of follicular biology; androgens are believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is similarly characterized by hyperandrogenism. Previous studies have found a lasting association of HS and PCOS. Socioeconomic status (SES) has been described as a comorbidity for both HS and PCOS that has not been accounted for in prior studies; we sought to investigate this association while adjusting for this. We also analyzed the prevalence of PCOS among HS patients. Using the All of Us database, female HS patients were stratified by PCOS diagnosis and compared by age, race, and ethnicity. Female HS patients were also nearest-neighbor propensity-score matched to controls at a 4:1 ratio, selecting for race, ethnicity, age, ever smoker, alcohol use disorder, obesity, type II diabetes, Medicaid status, and community deprivation index. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to estimate the effect of HS on the presence of PCOS. The distribution of race among HS patients with PCOS was significantly different than HS patients without PCOS. A total of 1,022 female HS patients and 4,088 matched female controls were included. Significantly more patients carried a diagnosis of PCOS compared to controls (8.8

Objective: Approximately 40% of adults living with HIV experience cognitive deficits. Little is known about the risk factors for cognitive impairment and its association with myelin content in young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV (YApHIV), which is assessed in our cross-sectional study. Design: A prospective, observational cohort study. Methods: All participants underwent an 11-test cognitive battery and completed medical and social history surveys. Cognitive impairment was defined as Z scores falling at least 1.5 SD below the mean in at least two domains. Twelve participants underwent myelin water imaging. Neuroimaging data were compared to age and sex-matched HIV-uninfected controls. Regression analyses were used to evaluate for risk factors of lower cognitive domain scores and association between myelin content and cognition in YApHIV. Results: We enrolled 21 virally suppressed YApHIV across two sites in the United States. Ten participants (48%) met criteria for cognitive impairment. Participants with any non-HIV related medical comorbidity scored lower across multiple cognitive domains compared to participants without comorbidities. Myelin content did not differ between YApHIV and controls after adjusting for years of education. Lower cognitive scores were associated with lower myelin content in the cingulum and corticospinal tract in YApHIV participants after correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: Poor cognition in YApHIV may be exacerbated by non-HIV related comorbidities as noted in older adults with horizontally acquired HIV. The corticospinal tract and cingulum may be vulnerable to the legacy effect of untreated HIV in infancy. Myelin content may be a marker of cognitive reserve in YApHIV.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease driven by cytokine dysregulation resulting in hair loss, and recent data suggests inflammation may be occurring systemically. This systemic increase in inflammatory cytokines may increase the incidence of thrombotic events, including deep vein thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism. As the use of JAK inhibitors for AA becomes more common, it is important to further investigate this potential relationship to prevent exacerbation of such events. The purpose of this case-control study was to determine if there is an increased association between thrombotic events and alopecia areata using the All of Us database. We matched 926 patients with AA 4:1 to controls without any alopecia, and we found that there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with AA (p = 0.009). Multivariable conditional logistic regression was then used to estimate the odds of AA in relation to VTE, controlling for common hypercoagulable factors (atrial fibrillation, estrogen replacement, obesity, malignancy, pregnancy, and smoking history). We found that after controlling for these risk factors, there was no significant difference in the incidence in VTE between those with and without AA (OR: 1.549, CR 95

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is strongly associated with depression. Tetracyclines are commonly prescribed for mild-to-moderate HS. However, the prevalence of depressive disorders among HS patients has not previously been stratified by tetracycline use. We sought to investigate the association between tetracycline therapy and the prevalence of depressive disorders among HS patients. Using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) AllofUs research database, variables such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, and obesity were examined in HS patients. Cross-sectional analysis compared HS patients not treated with tetracyclines (n=1139) to HS patients treated with tetracyclines (n=732). Multivariable logistic regression compared the prevalences of depressive disorders amongst cohorts. The mean age of the tetracycline cohort versus non-tetracycline cohort was 49.10±14.95 and 47.45±15.42 (p=0.029), respectively. Sex, race, and ethnicity in each cohort were comparable. Our adjusted model showed an increased prevalence of depressive disorders in obese HS patients on tetracyclines [OR 1.90 (95% CI 1.70-2.12) (p=5.13E-09)]. HS patients treated with tetracyclines were more likely to have a depressive disorder compared to those not treated with tetracyclines (46.7% vs 35.8%) [OR 1.45 (95% CI 1.31-1.61) (p=3.55E-04)]. Our results indicate that HS patients on tetracyclines are more likely to suffer from depressive disorders. This is likely due to concomitant increased disease severity in HS patients on antibiotic therapy. Limitations of our study include sample size, variation in treatment algorithms, and no data on disease severity. However, our findings support more rigorous depression screening for both HS patients receiving treatments and obese HS patients.

Topical corticosteroids (TCSs) are the most widely used treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), but they can have adverse effects such as skin atrophy, telangiectasias, and hypopigmentation, especially with prolonged use of higher potency steroids. Many patients also have a fear of using TCSs, known as "corticophobia." With the development of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors, a nonsteroidal approach to the treatment of AD may be possible and may be preferred by certain patients. Given what is known about these nonsteroidal therapies, we propose a structured treatment ladder and action plan that can guide clinicians and patients on the use of these therapies for the treatment of AD. The ladder divides nonsteroidal medication classes into treatments for exacerbation versus maintenance therapies in an escalating order of increasing potential for adverse effects, both real and perceived. This treatment algorithm proposal paves the way for a potential nonsteroidal approach to managing AD.

Alopecia areata (AA), depression, anxiety, and decreased quality of life are highly associated in the literature. It has been noted that there is an increased risk of alcohol/cannabis use to cope with the psychological burdens.(1,2,3) This study aims to explore the relationship between substance abuse and scarring/non-scarring alopecia using the All of Us database. Our search revealed 9,385 patients with alopecia. Half struggled with depression and/or anxiety, and 8.4% had substance abuse of any kind (4.4% alcohol, 1.8% cannabis, and 2.2% illicit drugs (cocaine, methamphetamines, opioids)). People with alopecia and substance abuse had increased depression (83.4% vs 45.1%) and anxiety (77.9% vs 48.1%) (p<0.001). Substance abuse prevalence was not different in scarring versus non-scarring alopecia. Patients with alopecia were then nearest-neighbor propensity-score matched without replacement to controls at a 4:1 ratio, selecting for sex, race, ethnicity, and age. Multivariable regression revealed that alopecia is a potential protective factor against substance abuse when controlling for other covariates of significance, with a decreased odds of 0.73 (95% CI=0.59, 0.90). Despite anxiety and depression being significantly higher in alopecia patients, there is a trend toward lower rates of substance abuse. This may be the result of patients fearing exacerbation of hair loss, or due to increased mental health support in patients with alopecia, as psychotherapy is often a suggested adjuvant therapy for these patients.(1) Dermatologists should continue to promote psychotherapy and community support to patients with alopecia.

Background and ObjectivesThe prevalence of Alzheimer dementia in the US Latino population in 2060 is projected to increase 7-fold, the highest among any other major ethnic/racial group. One vital question is how clinicians can tailor their care for Latinos. Given this rapidly growing prevalence, we sought to characterize the experiences and perspectives of Latino caregivers by analyzing interview data from both caregivers and experienced providers that specifically work with Latino populations. In this study, we present 6 themes that emerged along with tailored solutions and recommendations to implement in clinical practice to improve patient care and outcomes.MethodsThis qualitative analysis uses coded interview transcripts from 2 studies, one in Southern California and another in Washington State. The combined dataset included interview transcripts with 51 caregivers and 20 providers. A thematic analysis was performed on the coded interview transcripts to identify themes related to tailoring care for Latino populations.ResultsSix themes emerged from the analysis: (1) multiple caregivers involved within a family-oriented Latino household; (2) need for encouragement in advocating for loved ones in the clinician's office; (3) challenges in reaching and communicating with the Latino population; (4) increasing use of technology by patients and caregivers despite some challenges; (5) stigma associated with mental health issues within the Latino culture; and (6) limited understating of dementia leading to a delay in care in the Latino population.DiscussionMany Latino households have a strong sense of familism, thus care coordination with multiple caregivers is essential to high-quality care. Improved shared decision-making strategies tailored to a population that may be culturally deferential to authoritative figures can aid caregiver understanding and engagement with the provider. These interactions can often be more authentic when communicating with a member of the care team in Spanish. A cultural stigma of mental illness was also identified; clinicians can work toward normalizing discussion of mental illness and its treatment by openly discussing mental health during annual visits. Through these themes, we demonstrate some of the strengths and weaknesses of the current care delivery model within a sociocultural context to improve patient care and outcomes for Latino families caring for individuals living with dementia.

Importance Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating follicular skin disorder in which bacterial colonization is typical. Oral antibiotic efficacy can be unreliable; however, selective intravenous antibiotics, specifically ertapenem, may provide favorable clinical outcomes. Objective To explore optimal course duration, efficacy, and patient satisfaction associated with intravenous ertapenem for HS. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective review of the medical records of 98 patients with HS between 2018 and 2022 measured and evaluated patient outcomes before and after treatment with intravenous ertapenem. Participants were followed up in a telephone survey assessing patient perspectives and satisfaction. All of those included in this study received medical care from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine's Montefiore HS Center. Exposures Patients were treated with 1 g of ertapenem that was self-administered at home through a peripheral intravenous central catheter using an elastomeric pump for 12 to 16 weeks. Antiandrogens and immunomodulatory biologic therapies initiated prior to ertapenem were maintained throughout the treatment course. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes, encompassing clinical severity (evaluated through the HS Physician Global Assessment score [a 6-point scale ranging from clear to very severe] and a numerical rating scale for pain [an 11-point scale in which a score of 0 indicates no pain and a score of 10 indicates the worst possible pain]) and markers of inflammation (such as leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6), were measured at baseline, the midcourse of intravenous ertapenem treatment, at the end of the course, and posttherapy. Bacterial abundance was also examined at these 4 points, and patient satisfaction was assessed during follow-up. Results A total of 98 patients (mean [SD] age, 35.8 [13.0] years; 61 [62.2%] female) with HS were treated with intravenous ertapenem. The self-reported racial distribution included 3 individuals identifying as Asian (3.1%), 59 as Black/African American (60.2%), 13 as White (13.3%), and 23 as either other or unknown (23.5%). Additionally, 24 participants (24.5%) reported Spanish/Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. The mean (SD) treatment duration spanned 13.1 (4.0) weeks, with posttherapy follow-up occurring after 7.8 (3.6) weeks. From baseline to posttherapy follow-up, significant reductions were found in the mean (SD) HS Physician Global Assessment scores (3.9 [1.0] vs 2.7 [1.2]; P < .001) and the numerical rating scale for pain (4.2 [3.3] vs 1.8 [2.7]; P < .001), C-reactive protein (5.4 [11.4] vs 2.4 [2.0] mg/dL; P < .001), interleukin-6 (25.2 [21.1] vs 13.7 [13.9]; P < .001), and leukocytes (11.34 [3.9] vs 10.0 [3.4]; P < .001). At follow-up, 76 patients (78.0%) participated in the telephone survey, where 63 (80.3%) reported medium to high satisfaction; further, 69 (90.8%) would recommend ertapenem to other patients. Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective review of medical records and telephone survey, treating HS with intravenous ertapenem, administered for a mean of 13 weeks, was associated with improvement in clinical and inflammatory markers, as well as heightened patient satisfaction. Nonetheless, this approach should be monitored for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance given a longer than standard treatment course.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT:Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the skin that affects approximately 3% of the US adult population. Patients with psoriasis may be predisposed to spine surgical site infections (SSI) related to the condition and/or related medications following surgeries such as lumbar laminotomy/discectomy. PURPOSE:To assess the potential correlation of psoriasis and its related treatment medications on the risk of infection-related complications after lumbar laminotomy/discectomy. STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective case control, national administrative database study. PATIENT SAMPLE:Adult patients who underwent isolated single-level lumbar discectomy between 2010 and Q1 of 2021 were identified in the PearlDiver Mariner Ortho151 national administrative database (excluding those with concurrent diagnoses of fractures, neoplasms, or infections). OUTCOME MEASURES:Ninety-day postoperative rates of surgical site infection and sepsis. METHODS:Lumbar laminotomy/discectomy patients with versus without psoriasis were matched 1:4 based on age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. The risk of SSI and sepsis in the 90-day postoperative window between the cohorts were compared with multivariable analyses. Five-year reoperation rates were also compared with log rank test. The matched psoriasis cohort was further subdivided by psoriasis treatment regimens - no medication treatment (NT), topical therapies only (TT), topical therapies with oral systemic treatments (TT/OS), and topical therapies with biologics (TT/B). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk of SSI and sepsis within 90 days after lumbar laminotomy/discectomy for each treatment subgroup compared to patients without psoriasis. RESULTS:In total, 2,262 patients with psoriasis who underwent single-level lumbar laminotomy/discectomy were identified and matched by age, sex, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index to 9,044 patients without psoriasis. Multivariable logistic regression showed that, compared to the patients without psoriasis, patients with psoriasis had a 1.795 times higher chance of developing SSI (odds ratio [OR]) (p<.001) and sepsis (OR: 1.743, p=.027) within 90 days of surgery. Having psoriasis did not significantly correlate with 5-year reoperation rates. Of those with psoriasis, NT subcohort had 1,038 patients, TT subcohort 571 patients, TT/OS subcohort 226 patients, and TT/B subcohort 140 patients. Based on multivariable analysis and compared to nonpsoriasis patients, those in the NT, TT, TT/OS were not at greater odds of postoperative SSI or sepsis. Conversely, those in the TT/B subcohort were at significantly greater odds of SSI (OR: 3.102, p=.019) and sepsis (OR: 6.367, p=.027). CONCLUSIONS:Of single-level lumbar laminotomy/discectomy patients with psoriasis, only those on topical therapies and biologics were at greater risk of postoperative SSI and sepsis. This subcohort warrants specific attention when undergoing lumbar laminotomy/discectomy and possibly holding such medications for a period prior to surgery may be warranted if possible.

International Journal of DermatologyEarly View Correspondence Race and ethnicity may not be associated with differences in hidradenitis suppurativa disease severity: a retrospective cohort analysis Michelle Toker BS, Michelle Toker BS Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA †Shared first authorship.Search for more papers by this authorKara Turner BA, Kara Turner BA Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA †Shared first authorship.Search for more papers by this authorPeter Y. Ch'en BS, Peter Y. Ch'en BS orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-0279 Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA †Shared first authorship.Search for more papers by this authorKristina L. Campton MD, Kristina L. Campton MD Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorSteven R. Cohen MD, MPH, Corresponding Author Steven R. Cohen MD, MPH [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-1825 Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USASearch for more papers by this author Michelle Toker BS, Michelle Toker BS Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA †Shared first authorship.Search for more papers by this authorKara Turner BA, Kara Turner BA Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA †Shared first authorship.Search for more papers by this authorPeter Y. Ch'en BS, Peter Y. Ch'en BS orcid.org/0000-0003-0802-0279 Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA †Shared first authorship.Search for more papers by this authorKristina L. Campton MD, Kristina L. Campton MD Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USASearch for more papers by this authorSteven R. Cohen MD, MPH, Corresponding Author Steven R. Cohen MD, MPH [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-1825 Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 07 August 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.16796 Conflict of interest: None declared. Funding source: None. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1Garg A, Kirby JS, Lavian J, Lin G, Strunk A. Sex- and age-adjusted population analysis of prevalence estimates for hidradenitis suppurativa in the United States. JAMA Dermatol. 2017; 153(8): 760–764. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.0201 2Kilgour JM, Li S, Sarin KY. Hidradenitis suppurativa in patients of color is associated with increased disease severity and healthcare utilization: a retrospective analysis of 2 U.S. cohorts. JAAD Int. 2021; 3: 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2021.01.007 3Ulschmid C, Serrano L, Wu R, Roth GM, Sokumbi O. African American race is a risk factor for severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Int J Dermatol. 2023; 62(5): 657–663. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.16428 4Wertenteil S, Strunk A, Garg A. Association of low socioeconomic status with hidradenitis suppurativa in the United States. JAMA Dermatol. 2018; 154(9): 1086–1088. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.2117 5Kimball AB, Kerdel F, Adams D, Mrowietz U, Gelfand JM, Gniadecki R, et al. Adalimumab for the treatment of moderate to severe Hidradenitis suppurativa: a parallel randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012; 157(12): 846–855. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-12-201212180-00004 Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation