Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as initial therapy for isolated lower pole kidney stones smaller than 20 mm. Patients and Methods: During a 24-month period 116 patients with previously untreated single stones under 20 mm in diameter were treated with a Dornier lithotripter S. They were analyzed with regard to stone site and size, number of ESWL sessions, auxiliary measures, retreatment rates, complications and the time taken for stone clearance. Results: 76 patients (65.5%) became stone free, 50 of them (43.1%) within 3 months after ESWL. Depending on stone size the stone-free rates were 67.1% for patients with a stone diameter of <10 mm (59 of 88 patients), and 60.7% for stone diameters between 10 and 20 mm (17 of 28 patients). Complications during and after treatment were rare, i.e. the necessity of ureteral stent insertion due to colic (n = 10), endoscopic stone removal (n = 2), acute pyelonephritis (n = 1), stonestreet (n = 1) and 1 case of hematoma not requiring intervention. The recurrence rate during follow-up (13.2–36.9, mean 25.0 months) was low: 16 patients (13.8%) had recurrent or persistent stones, and 74 patients (63.8%) had no evidence of urolithiasis. Conclusions: ESWL is a safe and efficient first-line therapy for treatment of isolated small lower pole kidney stones with acceptable stone-free rates, low morbidity, few complications and a low stone recurrence rate.

A total of 339 patients (m=235, f=104) suffering from distal ureteral calculi were evaluated. Ninety-eight patients (group 1) had spontaneous stone passage, 186 patients (group 11) had ESWL (Lithotriptor DoLi S, ultrasound localisation) and 55 patients (group 111) URS treatment.All patients in group I became stone free within 4 weeks. A double J catheter was inserted in 21% and alcalinisation therapy was performed in 22%. In group 11 success rate was 90,6%, mean number of ESWL sessions 1,2. In group M the success rate was 92,8%. A JJ catheter was inserted after each URS. No major complications in either group were observed.Within a distance of 4cm from the ostium the localisation by ultrasound is feasible and ESWL success rate high. Ureteral calculi located more than 4cm from the ureteral orifice should be treated by primary URS.

BACKGROUND:The aim of the study was to compare preoperative transrectal ultrasound findings with final histopathological stage after radical prostatectomy to determine the value of TRUS in preoperative staging of prostate cancer.METHODS:The evaluation was performed as a retrospective study. In 114 radical prostatectomy specimens the histopathological, ultrasound and rectal digital findings were correlated. Mean age of patients was 63 years and in all patients a radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed.RESULTS:Organ confined PC was found correctly with TRUS in 68% and capsular penetration in 32%. Corresponding findings with digital rectal examination (DRE) were 68% and 17% respectively. Sensitivity of TRUS in organ confined PC (T1-2) was 66.1% (DRE 68.5%), specificity 32.6% (DRE 20%) and positive predictive value 55.7% (DRE 49.3%). Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of TRUS for stage T3 (a,b,c) were 32.6%, 68.4% and 45.5% respectively. A separate evaluation of stage T3c revealed for TRUS: sensitivity 41.2%, specificity 81.8% and positive predictive value 36.8%.CONCLUSION:On the basis of this retrospective analysis, and due to the low sensitivity and specificity, TRUS is not suitable for adequate preoperative staging of prostatic cancer.

Three cases of lymphosarcoma in industrially-bred pigs are described, in which two of the pigs had a live weight of 60 kg, and the third, a reproductive female, had a live weight of 280 kg. The animals did not present any signs, nor specific clinical symptoms attributable to the disease. During the necropsy, an enlargement in the size of the lymphatic nodes, spleen, liver, and Peyer's Plate was observed, as was the presence of white spots or nodules of various sizes on the liver and kidney. The histopathology carried out on the tissue revealed the presence of cells of lymphoid origin, and of a histological aspect of lymphosarcoma.

Se describen tres casos de linfosarcoma en cerdos de planteles de crianza industrial, dos de los cuales tenian un peso vivo de 60 kg y el tercer caso correspondio a una hembra reproductora de 280 kg de peso vivo. Los animales no presentaban signos ni sintomas clinicos especificos atribuibles a la enfermedad. A la necropsia se observo: aumento de tamano de los ganglios linfaticos, bazo, higado y placas de Peyer; presencia de un puntillado o nodulaciones blancas de tamano variable en higado y rinon. Histopatologicamente estos tejidos tenian infiltraciones de celulas de origen linfoide, y de aspecto de linfosarcoma.