States increasingly are using premiums for near-poor children in their public insurance programs (Medicaid/SCHIP) to limit private insurance crowd-out and constrain program costs. Using national data from four rounds of the Community Tracking Study Household Surveys spanning the seven years from 1996 to 2003, this study estimates a multinomial logistic regression model examining how public and private insurance premiums affect insurance coverage outcomes (Medicaid/SCHIP coverage, private coverage, and no coverage). Higher public premiums are significantly associated with a lower probability of public coverage and higher probabilities of private coverage and uninsurance; higher private premiums are significantly related to a lower probability of private coverage and higher probabilities of public coverage and uninsurance. The results imply that uninsurance rates will rise if both public and private premiums increase, and suggest that states that impose or increase public insurance premiums for near-poor children will succeed in discouraging crowd-out of private insurance, but at the expense of higher rates of uninsurance. Sustained increases in private insurance premiums will continue to create enrollment pressures on state insurance programs for children.

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Summary. The whole-soil inoculation method was used to assess the symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobia populations in soils collected from 18 randomly-selected pastures in south-western Victoria. This was part of a larger study which described the condition of pasture within this region. Based on the shoot weights of test subterranean clover plants, cv. Mount Barker, effectiveness varied from 36 to 94% depending on the site of rhizobia collection. This range was wider than that found in an earlier survey of rhizobia effectiveness conducted nearby. WU95, the commercial inoculant for subterranean clover, was significantly more effective than 9 of the rhizobia samples. Rhizobia from 2 sites were especially poor and their effectiveness (37%) was not significantly different from the nil inoculum control (28%). Symbiotic effectiveness was not related to soil pH, available sulfur, available phosphorus, total nitrogen or mean annual rainfall for each site where rhizobia were collected. After pooling data for all sites, the shoot weights were significantly related to the proportions of plants with nodules assigned high nodulation scores. In contrast, low scores, within 1 of 6 categories, did not significantly affect shoot weight. The technique of using mean nodulation score was less capable of discriminating differences in symbiotic effectiveness, compared with assessment based on test plant weight.

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was detected in perennial ryegrass cultivars examined from three sites in south‐western Victoria (Balmoral, Mininera and Hamilton); the frequency of BYDV infection varied with cultivar. PAV‐related isolates were prevalent at all sites, but the incidence of MAV‐ and RPV‐related isolates varied with the site and cultivar. The PAV‐related isolate was less frequent in cv. Ellett than in cv. Victorian at all sites. The implications for the epidemiology of the disease and its agronomic importance in Victoria are discussed.

Seven generations of direct selection for ovulation rate were evaluated to determine the magnitude of the correlated response in age and weight at puberty, daily gain and probe backfat thickness. A total of 1,074 Select line, and 1,087 Control line gilts were included in the seven generations. Realized heritability of ovulation rate was 40 ± 7% based on the regression of response on weighted cumulative selection differential. Regression of line difference (Select-Control) on generation number was —.13 ± .78 days, —.16 ± .47 kg, —.001 ± .003 kg/day and .01 ± .01 cm for age at puberty, weight at puberty, daily gain and probe backfat thickness, respectively. No significant correlated response was evident for any of the four traits. Estimates of genetic correlation were obtained using the regression of direct and correlated response on weighted cummulative selection differential, realized heritability for ovulation rate, daughter-dam regression estimates of heritability, and pooled within line and generation standard deviations. Estimates obtained were —.04, —.06, —.13 and .09 between ovulation rate and age at puberty, weight at puberty, daily gain and probe backfat thickness, respectively. None of these estimates approached statistical significance.

Carcass data were collected for four traits on 179 Select and 187 Control line barrows in generations 3 through 8 to evaluate correlated responses to selection for increased ovulation rate in swine. Traits involved were carcass length, carcass backfat thickness, loin eye area and percent ham and loin. Two barrows were randomly selected for slaughter from each sire group with the restriction that barrows selected from a sire be from different litters (half-sibs). Paternal half-sib estimates of heritability obtained were 1.12 ± .29, .94 ± .30, .76 ± .30 and .52 ± .31 for length, backfat, loin eye area and percent ham and loin, respectively. Estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlation among the traits were length with backfat −.48, −.38; length with loin eye area .00, −.05; length with percent ham and loin .47, .22; backfat with loin eye area −.73, −.23; backfat with percent ham and loin −.76, −.34; and loin eye area with percent ham and loin .58, .27. Selection for ovulation rate was effective, resulting in a realized heritability of .40 ± .06 based on the regression of response on cumulative selection differential. Regressions of line difference on generation number for the four carcass traits were nonsignificant. Estimates obtained were .10 ± .07 cm for length, .06 ± .03 cm for backfat, −.28 ± .27 cm2 for loin eye area and −.21 ± .13 for percent ham and loin. Estimates of realized genetic correlation obtained between ovulation rate and length, backfat, loin eye area and percent ham and loin were −.16, .52, −.23 and −.52, respectively. Selection for ovulation rate did not result in statistically significant correlated response in any carcass traits, although there was a slight tendency for a reduction in overall carcass merit over time.

Australian Dental JournalVolume 17, Issue 5 p. 353-354 An evaluation of Schilder's endodontic technique A. Langford B.D.Sc(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.D.S.R.C.S.(Eng. & Edin.), F.A.C.D.S., Corresponding Author A. Langford B.D.Sc(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.D.S.R.C.S.(Eng. & Edin.), F.A.C.D.S.147 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vie. 3000Search for more papers by this authorP. J. Cunningham M.D.Sc.(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.A.C.D.S., Corresponding Author P. J. Cunningham M.D.Sc.(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.A.C.D.S.147 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vie. 3000Search for more papers by this author A. Langford B.D.Sc(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.D.S.R.C.S.(Eng. & Edin.), F.A.C.D.S., Corresponding Author A. Langford B.D.Sc(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.D.S.R.C.S.(Eng. & Edin.), F.A.C.D.S.147 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vie. 3000Search for more papers by this authorP. J. Cunningham M.D.Sc.(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.A.C.D.S., Corresponding Author P. J. Cunningham M.D.Sc.(Melb.), D.D.S.(Tor.), F.A.C.D.S.147 Collins Street, Melbourne, Vie. 3000Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1972 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.1972.tb04953.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume17, Issue5October 1972Pages 353-354 RelatedInformation

Fritschen, R. D.; Moser, B.D.; Watts, Gayle; Cleveland, Erik R.; Cunningham, P.J.; Johnson, R. K.; Lewis, Austin J.; Ahlschwede, William; Hogg, Alex; Bodman, Gerald; Zimmerman, Dwane R.; Geisert, R.D.; Peo, E.R. Jr.; Carlson, Roy; Danielson, D.M.; Pollmann, D.S.; Crenshaw, M.A.; O'Connell, D.K.; Mandigo, Roger W.; Olson, D.G.; Dickey, Elbert C.; and Seman, B.L., "EC79-219 1979 Nebraska Swine Report" (1979). Historical Materials from University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension. 2038. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/extensionhist/2038

The Sahelian region of West Africa is among the poorest and least food secure regions of the world. Certain Australian Acacia species have been shown to have useful potential as multi-purpose tree species in Sahelian agro-forestry farming systems. These Acacia species produce nutritious seed for human and animal food. They thrive in adverse conditions, coppice after pruning, produce large volumes of biomass used for mulch, organic matter and firewood and can protect crops from strong winds. First introduced into the Maradi Region of the Republic of Niger in the early 1980s, Acacia colei var ileocarpa was the most promising species. Limitations, including shortlife span and competition with crops have hindered adoption. Provenance trials aimed at overcoming these limitations with A. torulosa from 2002-2007 have identified two types, a multi-branching wood and seed producer and a tall growing timber type which are now undergoing with provenance selection. Further trials from 2004-2007 with A. tumida have identified the var. Kulparn with promise for specialist seed production and the larger var. Tumida for multi-purpose use. The multiple benefits of these acacia trees are now being realized through their pivotal role in the recently developed Farmer Managed Agroforestry Farming System (FMAFS) which aims to improve food security and enhance environmental sustainability. The FMAFS builds on the biodiversity from Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) of local trees and introduces a range of agro-forestry trees including edible-seeded Australia Acacia species and a range of annual and perennial crops. The multiple benefits of FMAFS and recent results are described. Research is refining the FMAFS components and demonstration trials are assisting with the promotion and adoption in villages in the Maradi region as an alternative to traditional farming practices. Adoption of Acacias for human food has been slow up until 2006 when the Maradi Integrated Development Project (MIDP) and later, MIDP in collaboration with World Vision Niger, began promoting the trees in a more concerted manner. Acceptance of acacias in local diets is growing steadily. Attempts to facilitate market demand for the seeds have also heightened