Es gibt kein einheitliches, in sich geschlossenes Weiterbildungsrecht, das die Weiterbildung in Deutschland bzw. alle weiterbildungsrelevanten Aspekte wie Organisation, Institutionen, Finanzierung, Angebot und Teilnahme, Curriculum, Personal, Qualität und Zertifizierung durch ein einzelnes Gesetz oder wenige Gesetze umfassend und zusammenhängend regelt (vgl. Richter 1993; Füssel 2002). Vielmehr sind die zahlreichen Gesetze, Verordnungen und Satzungen, die Weiterbildungsaktivitäten regeln, stark zersplittert (die Gesetze werden je aktuell im Wortlaut auf CD ROM im Handbuch Weiterbildungsrecht von Krug/Nuissl vorgelegt). Dies liegt sowohl im Trägerpluralismus als auch darin begründet, dass Weiterbildung nicht nur Sache des Bildungsrechts ist, sondern auch in den Zusammenhängen des Arbeits-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialrechts mitgeregelt wird. Außerdem ist das Weiterbildungsrecht aufgrund der bundesstaatlichen Ordnung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Föderalismus) und der im Grundgesetz geregelten Kompetenzverteilung bei der Gesetzgebung und Verwaltung zwischen Bund und Ländern sowohl auf Landes- als auch auf Bundesrecht verteilt. Schließlich wird internationales und vor allem europäisches Recht für die Gestaltung der Weiterbildung in Deutschland immer bedeutsamer, wodurch der Gegenstand noch komplexer und unübersichtlicher wird.

Spray forming with co-injection of a solid particulate phase to form a homogeneous distribution within the final spray formed billet has been studied as a new route to manufacturing metal-metal composites at large scale with negligible oxide. 12wt% Ti particles were co-injected into an atomised Al alloy droplet spray and co-deposited to form a 300kg billet at Peak Werkstoff GmbH, Germany. The microstructure comprised refined equiaxed α-Al grains (~5m), spherical Si particles (~1m) and uniformly distributed Ti particles (~80m). Sections of the billet were extruded under a range of conditions into long strips 20mm wide and 6mm, 2.5mm and 1mm thickness. At high strains, the Ti particles were deformed into continuous fibres of a few microns in thickness. The large interfacial area between the fcc α-Al and hcp Ti inhibited dislocation motion and enhanced tensile properties. Accumulative roll bonding was then performed to higher total strains, while maintaining a constant cross-section, reducing the Ti fibres to sub-micron thickness. The fibres were studied by extraction after selective dissolution of the α-Al matrix. There was no interfacial reaction between α-Al and Ti or any measurable oxide formation.

In the modern description of the fatigue behaviour of materials the stress–strain curve, described with Ramberg–Osgood equation, and the strain–life curve, described with Manson–Coffin–Basquin equation, are typically used. It is known that the assumption of equality of the plastic and elastic components in both equations leads to the so-called compatibility condition and connect the equations theoretically. The conventional method for evaluation of the fatigue parameters use one set of experimental data from strain-controlled uni-axial fatigue tests but they not ensure the compatibility conditions.The presented new method for determining the stress–strain and strain–life curves retains the mathematical and physical relationships between the considered curves. The method involves fitting the curve to experimental data points in a three-dimensional strain–stress–life space. With the plastic part of strain, stress and fatigue life as coordinates, a straight line is used for fitting the experimental data points. The material parameters are calculated directly from projections of the three-dimensional straight line on suitable planes. The results obtained from this new method using high-strength aluminium alloys subjected to different manufacturing conditions and different test temperatures are presented. These results are then compared to results obtained with a conventional method for determining the fatigue parameters.

Most recently several new types of aluminum alloys were developed at the R&D Centre of PEAK Werkstoff GmbH, located in Velbert, near Düsseldorf. In any case, these new alloys make use of the high solidification velocity during spray forming. This leads to interesting microstructure with a high volume content of primary phases. These primary phases which can be pure Si-crystals or intermetallic phases like Mg2Si, Al3Fe are responsible for the good strength also at elevated temperatures. In the case of Mg2Si volume fraction of up to 25% could be reached. Due to the low density of the magnesium silicide, the overall density of this alloy has been reduced down to 2,5 g/ccm, but with comparable strength to normal 2xxx series alloys. After spray forming a subsequent extrusion is mandatory to close residual porosity resulting from the atomising process. In some cases a additional heat treatment is applied to optimise properties according to the application. This presentation will show you the “making of” such alloys, their properties as well as present and potential applications.

Maintaining plant at regular intervals, rather than according to requirements, does not yield maximum availability and economic performance. Component parts are frequently replaced either too soon or unnecessarily. The SUDIS diagnosis system, which underwent proving trials at the super power station in Mannheim, Germany, can overcome these shortcomings.