We present similar to 100 pc resolution Hubble Space Telescope H alpha images of 10 galaxies from the DYnamics of Newly-Assembled Massive Objects (DYNAMO) survey of low-z turbulent disc galaxies, and use these to undertake the first detailed systematic study of the effects of resolution and clump clustering on observations of clumps in turbulent discs. In the DYNAMO-HST sample, we measure clump diameters spanning the range d(clump) similar to 100-800 pc, and individual clump star formation rates as high as similar to 5 M-circle dot yr(-1). DYNAMO clumps have very high SFR surface densities, Sigma(SFR) similar to 1 - 15 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2), similar to 100 x higher than in H II regions of nearby spirals. Indeed, SFR surface density provides a simple dividing line between massive star-forming clumps and local star-forming regions, where massive star-forming clumps have Sigma(SFR) > 0.5 M-circle dot yr(-1) kpc(-2). When degraded to match the observations of galaxies in z similar to 1-3 surveys, DYNAMO galaxies are similar in morphology and measured clump properties to clumpy galaxies observed in the high-z Universe. Emission peaks in the simulated high-redshift maps typically correspond to multiple clumps in full resolution images. This clustering of clumps systematically increases the apparent size and SFR of clumps in 1 kpc resolution maps, and decreases the measured SFR surface density of clumps by as much as a factor of 20x. From these results we can infer that clump clustering is likely to strongly affect the measured properties of clumps in high-z galaxies, which commonly have kiloparsec scale resolution.

We present the stellar mass - size relation for 49 galaxies within the $z$ = 1.067 cluster SPT-CL J0546$-$5345, with FWHM $\sim$80-120 mas $K_{\mathrm s}$-band data from the Gemini multi-conjugate adaptive optics system (GeMS/GSAOI). This is the first such measurement in a cluster environment, performed at sub-kpc resolution at rest-frame wavelengths dominated by the light of the underlying old stellar populations. The observed stellar mass - size relation is offset from the local relation by 0.21 dex, corresponding to a size evolution proportional to $(1+z)^{-1.25}$, consistent with the literature. The slope of the stellar mass - size relation $\beta$ = 0.74 $\pm$ 0.06, consistent with the local relation. The absence of slope evolution indicates that the amount of size growth is constant with stellar mass. This suggests that galaxies in massive clusters such as SPT-CL J0546$-$5345 grow via processes that increase the size without significant morphological interference, such as minor mergers and/or adiabatic expansion. The slope of the cluster stellar mass - size relation is significantly shallower if measured in $HST$/ACS imaging at wavelengths blueward of the Balmer break, similar to rest-frame UV relations at $z$ = 1 in the literature. The stellar mass - size relation must be measured at redder wavelengths, which are more sensitive to the old stellar population that dominates the stellar mass of the galaxies. The slope is unchanged when GeMS $K_s$-band imaging is degraded to the resolution of $K$-band HST/NICMOS resolution but dramatically affected when degraded to $K_s$-band Magellan/FourStar resolution. Such measurements must be made with AO in order to accurately characterise the sizes of compact, $z$ = 1 galaxies.

Corrections for fibre aperture losses in modern surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey are at the foundation of statistical studies of galaxy properties, yet these corrections are not well understood. We compare direct measurements of the total (aperture-free) H alpha-based star formation rate from integral-field spectroscopy with Brinchmann et al. and Gilbank et al. derived estimates of the star formation rate from fibre-aperture spectroscopy for the same z similar or equal to 0.07 star-forming galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This comparison reveals that aperture-corrected star formation rates are underestimated for more highly star-forming galaxies: specifically by 0.3 and 0.6 dex at rates of star formation of 10 and 100M(circle dot) yr(-1), respectively, while the underestimate vanishes at 1M(circle dot) yr(-1). Furthermore, previous estimates of the aperture loss for H alpha emission onlymarginally correlate with direct measurements of the aperture loss for individual galaxies. The primary limitation of our work is the lack of spatially resolved dust attenuation corrections. We conclude that corrections for aperture losses should be considered with caution.

Dust attenuation in galaxies has been extensively studied nearby, however, there are still many unknowns regarding attenuation in distant galaxies. We contribute to this effort using observations of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range z = 0.05-0.15 from the DYNAMO survey. Highly star-forming DYNAMO galaxies share many similar attributes to clumpy, star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Considering integrated Sloan Digital Sky Survey observations, trends between attenuation and other galaxy properties for DYNAMO galaxies are well matched to star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Integrated gas attenuations of DYNAMO galaxies are 0.2-2.0 mags in the V-band, and the ratio of stellar E(B-V) and gas E(B-V) is 0.78-0.08 (compared to 0.44 at low redshift). Four highly star-forming DYNAMO galaxies were observed at H-alpha using the Hubble Space Telescope and at Pa-alpha using integral field spectroscopy at Keck. The latter achieve similar resolution ( 0.8-1 kpc) to our HST imaging using adaptive optics, providing resolved observations of gas attenuations of these galaxies on sub-kpc scales. We find < 1.0 mag of variation in attenuation (at H-alpha) from clump to clump, with no evidence of highly attenuated star formation. Attenuations are in the range 0.3-2.2 mags in the V band, consistent with attenuations of low redshift star-forming galaxies. The small spatial variation on attenuation suggests that a majority of the star-formation activity in these four galaxies occurs in relatively unobscured regions and, thus, star-formation is well characterised by our H-alpha observations.

GMTIFS is the first-generation adaptive optics integral-field spectrograph for the GMT, having been selected through a competitive review process in 2011. The GMTIFS concept is for a workhorse single-object integral-field spectrograph, operating at intermediate resolution (R~5,000 and 10,000) with a parallel imaging channel. The IFS offers variable spaxel scales to Nyquist sample the diffraction limited GMT PSF from λ ~ 1-2.5 μm as well as a 50 mas scale to provide high sensitivity for low surface brightness objects. The GMTIFS will operate with all AO modes of the GMT (Natural guide star - NGSAO, Laser Tomography – LTAO, and, Ground Layer - GLAO) with an emphasis on achieving high sky coverage for LTAO observations. We summarize the principle science drivers for GMTIFS and the major design concepts that allow these goals to be achieved.

Dust attenuation in galaxies has been extensively studied nearby, however, there are still many unknowns regarding attenuation in distant galaxies. We contribute to this effort using observations of star-forming galaxies in the redshift range z = 0.05-0.15 from the DYNAMO survey. Highly star-forming DYNAMO galaxies share many similar attributes to clumpy, star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Considering integrated Sloan Digital Sky Survey observations, trends between attenuation and other galaxy properties for DYNAMO galaxies are well matched to star-forming galaxies at high redshift. Integrated gas attenuations of DYNAMO galaxies are 0.2-2.0 mags in the V-band, and the ratio of stellar E(B-V) and gas E(B-V) is 0.78-0.08 (compared to 0.44 at low redshift). Four highly star-forming DYNAMO galaxies were observed at H-alpha using the Hubble Space Telescope and at Pa-alpha using integral field spectroscopy at Keck. The latter achieve similar resolution (~0.8-1 kpc) to our HST imaging using adaptive optics, providing resolved observations of gas attenuations of these galaxies on sub-kpc scales. We find<1.0 mag of variation in attenuation (at H-alpha) from clump to clump, with no evidence of highly attenuated star formation. Attenuations are in the range 0.3-2.2 mags in the V band, consistent with attenuations of low redshift star-forming galaxies. The small spatial variation on attenuation suggests that a majority of the star-formation activity in these four galaxies occurs in relatively unobscured regions and, thus, star-formation is well characterised by our H-alpha observations.

Instrument development for the 24m Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is described: current activities, progress, status, and schedule. One instrument team has completed its preliminary design and is currently beginning its final design (GCLEF, an optical 350-950 nm, high-resolution and precision radial velocity echelle spectrograph). A second instrument team is in its conceptual design phase (GMACS, an optical 350-950 nm, medium resolution, 6-10 arcmin field, multi-object spectrograph). A third instrument team is midway through its preliminary design phase (GMTIFS, a near-IR YJHK diffraction-limited imager/integral-field-spectrograph), focused on risk reduction prototyping and design optimization. A fourth instrument team is currently fabricating the 5 silicon immersion gratings needed to begin its preliminary design phase (GMTNIRS, a simultaneous JHKLM high-resolution, AO-fed, echelle spectrograph). And, another instrument team is focusing on technical development and prototyping (MANIFEST, a facility robotic, multifiber feed, with a 20 arcmin field of view). In addition, a medium-field (6 arcmin, 0.06 arcsec/pix) optical imager will support telescope and AO commissioning activities, and will excel at narrow-band imaging. In the spirit of advancing synergies with other groups, the challenges of running an ELT instrument program and opportunities for cross-ELT collaborations are discussed.

We measure the stellar specific angular momentum j(s)=.J(s)/M-s in four nearby (Z approximate to 0.1) disk galaxies that have stellar masses Ms near the break V of the galaxy mass function but look like typical star-forming disks at z approximate to 2 in terms of their low stability (Q approximate to 1), dumpiness, high ionized gas dispersion (40-50 km s-1), high molecular gas fraction (20%-30%), and rapid star formation (similar to 20 M-circle dot yr(-1)). Combining high-resolution (Keck-OSIRIS) and large-radius (Gemini-GMOS) spectroscopic maps, only available at low Z, we discover that these targets have similar to 3 times less stellar angular momentum than typical local spiral galaxies of equal stellar mass and bulge fraction. Theoretical considerations show that this deficiency in angular momentum is the main cause of their low stability, while the high gas fraction plays a complementary role. Interestingly, the low j(s), values of our targets are similar to those expected in the M-s(*) population at higher Z from the approximate theoretical scaling j(s) (sic) (1 z)(-1/2) at fixed M-s. This suggests that a change in angular momentum, driven by cosmic expansion, is the main cause for the remarkable difference between clumpy M-s(*) disks at high Z (which likely evolve into early-type galaxies) and massmatched local spirals.

We map the kinematics of the inner (200 pc) narrow-line region (NLR) of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 using the instrument NIFS and adaptative optics at the Gemini North Telescope. Channel maps and position-velocity diagrams are presented at a spatial resolution of $\sim$ 10 pc and spectral resolution $\sim$ 5300 in the emission lines [Fe II] {\lambda} 1.644 {\mu}m, H$_2$ {\lambda} 2.122 {\mu}m and Br{\gamma}. The [Fe II] emission line provides a better coverage of the NLR outflow than the previously used [O III] {\lambda} 5007 emission line, extending beyond the area of the bi-polar cone observed in Br{\gamma} and [O III]. This is mainly due to the contribution of the redshifted channels to the NE of the nucleus, supporting its origin in a partial ionized zone with additional contribution from shocks of the outflowing gas with the galactic disc. We modeled the kinematics and geometry of the [Fe II] emitting gas finding good agreement with the data for outflow models with conical and lemniscate (or hourglass) geometry. We calculate a mass outflow rate $1.9^{+1.9}_{-0.7}$ M$_{\odot}~$yr$^{-1}$ but a power for the outflow of only 0.08% L$_{Bol}$. The molecular (H$_2$) gas kinematics is completely distinct from that of [Fe II] and Br{\gamma}, showing radial expansion in an off-centered $\sim$ 100 pc radius ring in the galaxy plane. The expansion velocity decelerates from $\sim$ 200 km/s in the inner border of the ring to approximately zero at the outer border where our previous studies found a 10 Myr stellar population.

We present emission-line flux distributions and ratios for the inner 200pc of the narrow-line region of the Seyfert2 galaxy NGC1068, using observations obtained with the Gemini Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) in the J, H and K bands at a spatial resolution of 10pc and spectral resolution of 5300. The molecular gas emission - traced by the K-band H_2 emission lines - outlines an off-centered circumnuclear ring with a radius of 100pc showing thermal excitation. The ionized gas emission lines show flux distributions mostly outlining the previously known [OIII]5007 ionization bicone. But while the flux distributions in the HI and HeII emission lines are very similar to that observed in [OIII], the flux distribution in the [FeII] emission lines is more extended and broader than a cone close to the nucleus, showing a"double bowl"or `hourglass"structure". This difference is attributed to the fact that the [FeII] emission, besides coming from the fully ionized region, comes also from the more extended partially ionized regions, in gas excited mainly by X-rays from the active galactic nucleus. A contribution to the [FeII] emission from shocks along the bicone axis to NE and SW of the nucleus is also supported by the enhancement of the [FeII](1.2570)/[PII](1.1885) and [FeII](1.2570)/Pabeta emission-line ratios at these locations and is attributed to the interaction of the radio jet with the NLR. The mass of ionized gas in the inner 200pc of NGC1068 is MHII~2.2E4 M_Sun, while the mass of the H2 emitting gas is only M_{H2}~29M_Sun. Taking into account the dominant contribution of the cold molecular gas, we obtain an estimate of the total molecular gas mass of Mcold~2E7 M_Sun.

In this Letter, we report the discovery of CO fluxes, suggesting very high gas fractions in three disk galaxies seen in the nearby universe (z similar to 0.1). These galaxies were investigated as part of the DYnamics of Newly Assembled Massive Objects (DYNAMO) survey. High-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging of these objects reveals the presence of large star forming clumps in the bodies of the galaxies, while spatially resolved spectroscopy of redshifted II alpha reveals the presence of high dispersion rotating disks. The internal dynamical state of these galaxies resembles that of disk systems seen at much higher redshifts (1 < z < 3). Using CO(1-0) observations made with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer, we find gas fractions of 20%-30% and depletion times of t(dep) similar to 0.5 Gyr (assuming aMilky-Way-like alpha(CO)). These properties are unlike those expected for low-redshift galaxies of comparable specific star formation rate, but they are normal for their high-z counterparts. DYNAMO galaxies break the degeneracy between gas fraction and redshift, and we show that the depletion time per specific star formation rate for galaxies is closely tied to gas fraction, independent of redshift. We also show that the gas dynamics of two of our local targets corresponds to those expected from unstable disks, again resembling the dynamics of high-z disks. These results provide evidence that DYNAMO galaxies are local analogs to the clumpy, turbulent disks, which are often found at high redshift.

We study the spatially resolved stellar kinematics of two star-forming galaxies at z = 0.1 from the larger DYnamics of Newly Assembled Massive Objects (DYNAMO) sample. These galaxies, which have been characterized by high levels of star formation and large ionized gas velocity dispersions, are considered possible analogs to high-redshift clumpy disks. They were observed using the GMOS instrument in integral field spectroscopy (IFS) mode at the Gemini Observatory with high spectral resolution (R=5400, equivalent to 24 km/s at the observed wavelengths) and 6 hour exposure times in order to measure the resolved stellar kinematics via absorption lines. We also obtain higher-quality emission line kinematics than previous observations. The spatial resolution (1.2 kpc) is sufficient to show that the ionized gas in these galaxies (as traced by H-beta emission) is morphologically irregular, forming multiple giant clumps while stellar continuum light is smooth and well described by an exponential profile. Clumpy gas morphologies observed in IFS data are confirmed by complementary narrow band H-alpha imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope. Morphological differences between the stars and ionized gas are not reflected dynamically as stellar kinematics are found the be closely coupled to the kinematics of the ionized gas: both components are smoothly rotating with large velocity dispersions ( 40 km/s) suggesting that the high gas dispersions are not primarily driven by star-formation feedback. In addition, the stellar population ages of these galaxies are estimated to be quite young (60-500 Myr). The large velocity dispersions measured for these young stars suggest that we are seeing the formation of thick disks and/or stellar bulges in support of recent models which produce these from clumpy galaxies at high redshift.

We present a revised measurement of themass of the central black hole (MBH) in the Seyfert 1 galaxyNGC4151. The new stellar dynamical mass measurement is derived by applying an axisymmetric orbit-superposition code to nearinfrared integral field data obtained using adaptive optics with the Gemini Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS). When our models attempt to fit both the NIFS kinematics and additional low spatial resolution kinematics, our results depend sensitively on how chi(2) is computed-probably a consequence of complex bar kinematics that manifest immediately outside the nuclear region. The most robust results are obtained when only the high spatial resolution kinematic constraints in the nuclear region are included in the fit. Our best estimates for the black holemass and H-band mass-to-light ratio are MBH similar to 3.76 +/- 1.15 x 10(7) M (1s error) and M-BH 0.34 +/- 0.03 M /L (3s error), respectively (the quoted errors reflect themodel uncertainties). Our black holemassmeasurement is consistent with estimates from both reverberation mapping (3.57 +/- 0.45 -0.37 x 10(7) M) and gas kinematics (3.0 +/- 0.75 -2.2 x 10(7) M ; 1s errors), and our best-fit mass-to-light ratio is consistent with the photometric estimate of. H = 0.4 +/- 0.2 M/L. The NIFS kinematics give a central bulge velocity dispersion sc = 1163 kms-1, bringing this object slightly closer to the MBH-s relation for quiescent galaxies. Although NGC 4151 is one of only a few Seyfert 1 galaxies in which it is possible to obtain a direct dynamical black hole mass measurement-and thus, an independent calibration of the reverberation mapping mass scale-the complex bar kinematics makes it less than ideally suited for this purpose.

Instrument development for the 25 m class optical/infrared Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is actively underway. Two instruments have begun their preliminary design phase: an optical (350-1000 nm) high resolution and precision radial velocity echelle spectrograph (G-CLEF), and a near-IR (YJHK) diffraction-limited imager/integral-field-spectrograph (GMTIFS). A third instrument will begin its design phase in early 2015: an optical (370-1000 nm) low-to-medium resolution multi-object spectrograph (GMACS). Two other instrument teams are focusing on prototypes to demonstrate final feasibility: a near-to-mid-IR (JHKLM) high resolution diffraction-limited echelle (GMTNIRS) spectrograph, and a facility robotic multi-fiber-feed (MANIFEST). A brief overview of the GMT instrumentation program is presented: current activities, progress, status, and schedule, as well as a summary of the facility infrastructure needed to support the instruments.

The Gemini Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics System - GeMS, a facility instrument mounted on the Gemini South telescope, delivers a uniform, near diffraction limited images at near infrared wavelengths (0.95 microns- 2.5 microns) over a field of view of 120 arc seconds. GeMS is the first sodium layer based multi laser guide star adaptive optics system used in astronomy. It uses five laser guide stars distributed on a 60 arc seconds square constellation to measure for atmospheric distortions and two deformable mirrors to compensate for it. In this paper, the second devoted to describe the GeMS project, we present the commissioning, overall performance and operational scheme of GeMS. Performance of each sub-system is derived from the commissioning results. The typical image quality, expressed in full with half maximum, Strehl ratios and variations over the field delivered by the system are then described. A discussion of the main contributor to performance limitation is carried-out. Finally, overheads and future system upgrades are described.

DYNAMO is a multiwavelength, spatially resolved survey of local (z similar to 0.1) star-forming galaxies designed to study evolution through comparison with samples at z similar or equal to 2. Half of the sample has integrated H alpha luminosities of >10(42) erg s(-1), the typical lower limit for resolved spectroscopy at z similar or equal to 2. The sample covers a range in stellar mass (10(9)-10(11) M-circle dot) and star formation rate (0.2-100 M-circle dot yr(-1)). In this first paper of a series, we present integral-field spectroscopy of H alpha emission for the sample of 67 galaxies. We infer gas fractions in our sample as high as similar or equal to 0.8, higher than typical for local galaxies. Gas fraction correlates with stellar mass in galaxies with star formation rates below 10 M-circle dot yr(-1), as found by COLDGASS, but galaxies with higher star formation rates have higher than expected gas fractions. There is only a weak correlation, if any, between gas fraction and gas velocity dispersion. Galaxies in the sample visually classified as disc-like are offset from the local stellar mass Tully-Fisher relation to higher circular velocities, but this offset vanishes when both gas and stars are included in the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation. The mean gas velocity dispersion of the sample is similar or equal to 50 km s(-1), and V/sigma ranges from 2 to 10 for most of the discs, similar to 'turbulent' galaxies at high redshift. Half of our sample show disc-like rotation, while similar to 20 per cent show no signs of rotation. The division between rotating and non-rotating is approximately equal for the sub-samples with either star formation rates >10 M-circle dot yr(-1), or specific star formation rates typical of the star formation 'main sequence' at z similar or equal to 2. Across our whole sample, we find good correlation between the dominance of 'turbulence' in galaxy discs (as expressed by V/sigma) and gas fraction as has been predicted for marginally stable Toomre discs. Comparing our sample with many others at low-and high-redshift reveals a correlation between gas velocity dispersion and star formation rate. These findings suggest the DYNAMO discs are excellent candidates for local galaxies similar to turbulent z similar or equal to 2 disc galaxies.

We present adaptive optics-assisted J- and K-band integral field spectroscopy of the inner 300× 300 pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068. The data were obtained with the Gemini NIFS integral field unit spectrometer, which provided us wit h high-spatial and high-spectral resolution sampling. The wavelength range covered by the observations allowed us to study the [Caviii], [Sivi], [Sivii], [Alix] and [Six] coronal line (CL) emission, covering ionization potentials up to 328 eV. The observations reveal very rich and complex structures, both in terms of velocity fields and emission-line ratios. The CL emi ssion is elongated along the NESW direction, with the stronger emission preferentially lo calized to the NE of the nucleus. CLs are emitted by gas covering a wide range of velocities, with maximum blueshifts/redshifts of ∼ −1600/1000 km s −1 . There is a trend for the gas located on the NE side of the nucleus to be blueshifted while the gas located towards the SW is redshifted. The morphology and the kinematics of the near-infrared CLs are in very good agreement with the ones displayed by low-ionization lines and optical CLs, suggesting a common origin. The line flux distributions, velocity maps, ionization structure (traced by the [Sivii]/[Sivi] emission-line ratio) and lowionization emission-line ratios (i.e. [Feii]/Paβ and [Feii]/[Pii]) suggest that the radio jet plays an important role in the structure of the CL region of this object, and possibly in its kinematics.

We present the results from the commissioning of the Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager (GSAOI). Capable of delivering diffraction limited images in the near-infrared, over an 85 '' x85 '' square field-of-view, GSAOI was designed for use with the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (GeMS) system in operation at the Gemini South Observatory. The instrument focal plane, covered by an array of four HAWAII-2RG detectors, contains 4080x4080 pixels and has a plate scale of 0.02 ''-thus capitalizing on the superb image quality delivered by both the all-refractive optical design of GSAOI and the Gemini South MCAO system. Here, we discuss our preliminary findings from the GSAOI commissioning, concentrating on detector characterization, on-sky performance and system throughput. Further specifics about the Gemini MCAO system can be found in other presentations at this conference.

Deep, wide, near-infrared imaging surveys provide an opportunity to study the clustering of various galaxy populations at high redshift on the largest physical scales. We have selected 1 < z < 2 extremely red objects (EROs) and 1 < z < 3 distant red galaxies (DRGs) in SA22 from the near-infrared photometric data of the UKIDSS Deep eXtragalactic Survey (DXS) and gri optical data from CTIO covering 3.3 deg. This is the largest contiguous area studied to sufficient depth to select these distant galaxies to date. The angular two-point correlation functions and the real space correlation lengths of each population are measured and show that both populations are strongly clustered and that the clustering cannot be parameterised with a single power law. The correlation function of EROs shows a double power law with the inflection at ∼ 0.6–1.2 (0.6–1.2 h Mpc). The bright EROs (K < 18.8) show stronger clustering on small scales but similar clustering on larger scales, whereas redder EROs show stronger clustering on all scales. Clustering differences between EROs that are old passively evolved galaxies (OGs) and dusty star-forming galaxies (DGs), on the basis of their J −K colour, are also investigated. The clustering of r −K EROs are compared with that of i −K EROs and the differences are consistent with their expected redshift distributions. The correlation function of DRGs is also well described by a double power law and consistent with previous studies once the effects of the broader redshift distribution our selection of DRGs returns are taken into account. We also perform the same analysis on smaller sub-fields to investigate the impact of cosmic variance on the derived clustering properties. Currently this study is the most representative measurement of the clustering of massive galaxies at z > 1 on large scales.