The paper examines the phenomenon of urban envelopes, a conceptual parallel to building envelopes, which is considered an emerging theme in studies of the built environment. The term ‘envelope’ refers to various physical and non-physical occurrences in the built environment that delimit, enclose, or demarcate spatial configurations. In the first part of the paper, six distinct types of urban envelopes are identified: physical, programmatic, technological, ecological, environmental, and representational. These are defined based on a systematic literature review to clarify their form, role, and meaning in the context of contemporary cities. All six urban envelope types are formalised using ontology-building methods in Protégé and visualised through WebVOWL, producing domain-agnostic RDF/OWL models that support semantic interoperability. The results provide a concise definition of urban envelopes, which are becoming increasingly relevant in their non-physical representations, such as spaces of control (surveillance of public urban spaces), dynamic environmental and ecological phenomena (pollution, heat islands, and more), temporal or dynamic definitions of space use, and many others in the context of contemporary smart city development. The analysis of possible alignment with existing smart city-related ontologies is presented. By providing the methodology for linking urbanistic principles with data-driven smart city frameworks, the paper provides a unified methodological foundation for incorporating such emerging spatial phenomena into formal urban models.

The aim of the article is to use a literature review to identify the dimensions of care from the perspective of heritage science, which is a highly interdisciplinary academic field. In this case, it includes philosophy, architectural theory and a broader theory of care that should be addressed for a comprehensive study of concepts of care in architecture and architecture-orientated art. In the analysis of selected architectural heritage interventions, special attention is given to aspects of care and aspects of aesthetics in order to develop a new methodology for identifying and evaluating interventions in the built environment.

The aim of the article is to use a literature review to identify the dimensions of care from the perspective of heritage science, which is a highly interdisciplinary academic field. In this case, it includes philosophy, architec tural theory and a broader theory of care that should be addressed for a comprehensive study of concepts of care in architecture and architecture-orientated art. In the analysis of selected architectural heritage interventions, special attention is given to aspects of care and aspects of aesthetics in order to develop a new methodology for identifying and evaluating interventions in the built environment.

This paper examines the social dimensions of regenerative design, with a particular focus on the legacy of care in built heritage regeneration projects. The study employs the conceptual lens of care in architecture to investigate the ways in which the rehabilitation of the built environment gives rise to socially responsive architecture. The paper presents three case studies from Slovenia, each representing a unique example of renovated and revitalised heritage sites that illustrate varied approaches to care in architectural practice. These case studies are analysed in order to identify alignment with global sustainable development objectives, with particular attention paid to the prevalent aspects of care within these projects. The case studies demonstrate how regenerative design in heritage practices can create lasting social impact, contributing to social resilience and cultural continuity. The research underscores the significance of integrating the concept of care as a core principle in socially regenerative architecture, offering insights into how built heritage can serve as a catalyst for community-centred and sustainable urban development.

The role of public spaces cannot be overlooked when it comes to addressing the sustainable rehabilitation of cities in light of the European Green Deal, which aims to reduce emissions by at least 55

Underground spaces in cities have seen many different approaches to rehabilitation and their inclusion to city life throughout the world. Ever since the first settlements, the underground has been explored for the acquisition of materials, and provided infrastructure and hidden spaces for diverse purposes or activities. Bearing a symbolic and physical or practical meaning, these invisible spaces still provide space for contemporary city programs and bring potential for urban rehabilitation above ground. This paper discusses approaches to rehabilitating underground spaces in general and underground built heritage in particular in relation to the development of the above-ground localities. In the case of the industrial underground tunnels rehabilitation project in the Maribor Tezno Industrial Zone, a potential for a culture-led urban regeneration is presented. This industrial zone has witnessed a severe decline and degradation after most of the production had left due to the market restructuring in the 1990s. The partly degraded area with underground factory tunnels from WW2 under monument protection constitutes potential for the city development. Such an approach hybridizes the zoning plan of the city, attracting new programs and potential for the (infra)structural redevelopment and establishment of new centrality within the comprehensive sustainable urban rehabilitation strategy.

In recent contemporary urban development theory and practice, many different concepts of urban development have been proposed by different authors. While some of the concepts, such as New Urbanism, ReUrbanism, Post Urbanism and Everyday Urbanism, refer to the planning and urban design perspective, others, such as U-City, Smart City and Platform Urbanism, have a technological component based on ICT state of the art. This paper discusses a selection of contemporary paradigmatic concepts relevant to the sustainable rehabilitation of the urban environment. Special emphasis is placed on the social aspect of sustainability as an indispensable, all-encompassing means of respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms in urban development, and improving the quality of life in the city. The introduction of the theme of wisdom and wise(r) urbanism calls for a more critical evaluation and further development of individual urban development concepts and their possible hybridizations.

Throughout history, nature and organisms have served as analogies for both design and the contemplation of architecture and cities. In this paper, the concept of metabolism as an organic analogy in architecture and the built environment is discussed by juxtaposing the two approaches. Literal imitation seen in interdisciplinary studies of urban metabolism offers a new applicative perspective for sustainable cities. On the other hand, the historical reference of Japanese Metabolism, from the 1960s, offers a relevant metaphoric example with an added poetic humanist spirit. Regarded through an infrastructure prism, the organic analogy of metabolism is discussed by employing themes of the relationship between organisms and environment, the correlation between organs, the relationship between form and function, and the principle of vitality. Furthermore, the concept of metabolic infrastructure is presented as a way of bridging the literal and metaphorical approach and as a possible tool to mitigate the metabolic rift.

Envelopes are an important topic in the study of architecture and urbanism and have a profound impact on our daily lives. They form boundaries, edges, enclosures and joints with ecological, territorial and representational functions that have social, cultural, economic, technological, environmental and political significance. Referring to warnings about capsular civilisation, this paper promotes the metaphorically telling concept of capsularity, in order to overcome terminological inconsistency as a characteristic phenomenon that denotes enclosures at different scales. It includes both capsules as small-scale cellular units on an architectural or industrial design scale - referred to as units of individual capsularity - and extended structures and territorial enclosures as manifestations of collective capsularity. Furthermore, a typology of collective capsularity is proposed. While complete and permeable envelopes entail physical spatial demarcation, diffuse envelopes are based on a technological system of control and surveillance. However, diffuse envelopes also complement both complete envelopes and permeable envelopes, forming masked capsular hybrids. After contextualising the proposed typology according to accessibility and its representation, the ambivalences of collective capsularities are considered through the lens of three selected and distinctive co-existing effects: Freedom/ Control, Reality/Simulation and Seclusion/Exclusion. These effects present the concept and associated discourse as critical, pertinent and stimulating for imagining, inventing, proposing and implementing democratic, participatory and caring urban(istic) activities. The exposed typology and narratives of antagonisms involved in the operation of capsularities propose further research, policy development and planning directed towards the decapsularisation of contemporary space and promote democratic and caring possibilities for urban living in the future.

Streets with an increasingly important place function play a significant role in the contemporary discourse on sustainable cities. The paper addresses urban streets that, observed from the urban planning perspective, have the potential to be transformed into either commercial or residential shared streets. After defining urban planning parameters identified as characteristic of shared streets, streets were quantified based on an analysis of the existing shared streets in Central Europe. By setting up distinctive scenarios that could help to detect specific types of streets, open spatial datasets were used for the mapping and identification of streets that could be transformed into shared streets. The methodology was tested on the example of the city of Maribor in Slovenia. The results of the research show that the selected urban planning parameters can help to identify streets with transformation potential, whereas the basic parameters, such as the building use and the length and width of the street, help us to better understand the urban fabric in which street spaces acquire new functions. The presented mapping method could serve as a testing tool for experts, planners, decision-makers, and the interested public to identify potential street transformations.

The issues of sustainability in architecture and urban development (usually designated as urban regeneration) imply a strategic approach and thinking as well as careful planning, development and management. The presented approaches to the rehabilitation of buildings refer to structural improvements, material reinforcements and program adaptations, generally divided into four directions: preservation, restoration, renovation and remodeling or adaptive reuse.

Streets are complex urban spaces that occupy a fairly large piece of land in cities, i.e. up to 50% of the built-up area. In the past century, city streets have been subjected to the gradual increase in motorisation, while their many important aspects and potentials have been neglected. In line with the sustainability agenda, there is a need for a gradual transformation of streetscapes into more humane and ecological environments. The paper addresses different parameters that need to be taken into account when talking about the sustainable transformation processes of streetscapes, including environmental, social and economic aspects. The holistic approach focuses not only on the issues of mobility, which reveals more frequent use of alternative means of mobility and an adaptive use of street space, but also on factors such as the street ecosystem which is facing new requirements due to climate change. The social aspect is promoted by participatory approaches, as streets are considered the most important public spaces. In the paper, two examples of streetscape transformation from Slovenia and Austria are presented. The paper concludes with the idea of integrating different disciplines in order to achieve the holistic sustainable transformation of city streets in the future.

Architecture of minimum dwellings has been a hot topic recently. When minimum dwellings are compact, well-equipped, connected to the network, structurally, functionally and visually recognized as one thing, temporary and mobile or transportable, they may be designated as capsule architecture. Temporary by nature, these small dwellings, shelters, redesigned container units, special technological structures, parasites and other manifestations of the capsules concept encompass the logic of technological facilities with a distinct architectural expression. At the same time, it is a manifestation of the rule of sustainable design, sustainable architecture and sustainability in general. In this context, the case of small dwellings shows its difference as opposed to other sustainable architecture approaches and aesthetics. It subverts the generally sustainable approaches with exposed importance of locality within the global forces, usually relying on context - location, local culture and environmental characteristics, etc. The aesthetic regime of temporary, changeable, a-contextual and autonomous architectural structures can be regarded as an aesthetics of otherness, which relates them to the legacy of the Modern movement's existenzminimum experiments, the New Brutalism, radical experiments of the 1960s and other avantgarde and NEO-avantgarde practices of the twentieth century, but firmly placed in the context of individualized, indeterminate, dispersed and ambiguous contemporaneity.

The paper presents an overview of a broad range of approaches and tools leading to the substantial spatial and functional transformation of the city streets with the aim to improve the quality of life in urban environments. The approaches range from the traditional top-down planning to the more recent contemporary, informal, creative and adaptive bottom-up approaches involving direct physical interventions and participation of citizens.

Ovaj rad daje pregled brojnih pristupa i alata koji mogu dovesti do značajne prostorne i funkcionalne transformacije gradskih ulica s ciljem poboljšanja kvalitete života u urbanim sredinama. Pristupi variraju od onih tradicionalnih tzv. top-down pristupa do recentnih, suvremenih, neformalnih, kreativnih i adaptabilnih bottom-up pristupa koji podrazumijevaju izravnu fizičku intervenciju i participaciju građana.

Nekoc aktivne industrijske cone Maribora so danes v pretežni meri obmocja z visokimi in raznolikimi deleži degradiranih ali neizkoriscenih povrsin, njihovo “neaktivno” stanje pa ima izjemno velik vpliv na ekonomski in urbani razvoj mesta. Regeneracija se pred cetrt stoletja aktivnih industrijskih con je glede na tradicijo, identiteto mesta, obstojeca znanja, kljucna in pravzaprav edina smotrna možnost vzpostavljanja trajnostne strategije preurejanja mesta. Stratesko nacrtovana regeneracija nekdanjih in obstojecih industrijskih obmocij lahko mestu prinese nova urbano kvalitetna obmocja, ki bodo programsko raznolika in bodo vzpodbudno vplivala na nadaljnji urbani razvoj. V okvirju modula Trajnostno mesto druge stopnje studijskega programa arhitekture so studentje izdelali idejne zasnove za regeneracijo urbano degradirane povrsine pred vstopom v Cono Tezno. Povrsina med Ptujsko cesto in Cono Tezno je urbano vrednotena kot razvojna ter obenem “degradirana urbana povsrina”. Mesto in Cona Tezno bi lahko na tem obmocju razvijala centralno obmocje s funkcijami regionalnega znacaja ter hkrati vzpostavljala centralne funkcije ter povrsine za mescane ter lokalno skupnost.