Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Although global assessments of RA have been reported, age-specific estimates focusing on middle-aged adults [(MAA); 40-59 years] remain limited. Aims: To quantify the global, regional, and temporal burden of RA among MAA from 1990 to 2021 and project age-standardized trends through 2050. Study Design: A population-based descriptive epidemiological study using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 estimates. Methods: GBD 2021 data (1990-2021) were used to estimate age-standardized incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life-year rates (ASDR) per 100,000 population among MAA. Temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression and expressed as the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Projections to 2050 were generated using a Bayesian age-period-cohort model. Burden patterns were summarized across sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles and 21 GBD regions. Results: In 2021, the global ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR among MAA were 19.53, 368.73, 0.19, and 56.74 per 100,000 population, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, ASIR and ASPR increased (AAPC = 0.24% and 0.43%), ASMR decreased (AAPC =-1.70%), and ASDR showed minimal net change (AAPC = 0.05%). Substantial variation was observed across SDI quintiles and GBD regions; SDI was positively correlated with ASIR and ASPR and negatively correlated with ASMR. Projections to 2050 indicated an ASIR of 19.22, an ASPR of 367.47, an ASMR of 0.111, and an ASDR of 52.18 per 100,000, with widening credible intervals over time. Conclusion: Between 1990 and 2021, the RA burden among MAA was characterized by increasing ASIR and ASPR, declining ASMR, and relatively stable ASDR. Projections suggest that ASIR and ASPR will remain near recent levels, whereas ASMR and ASDR will show lower median values over time.

ABSTRACT HIV-1 CRF01_AE cluster 4 is the predominant strain among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China and comprises two lineages, clusters 4a and 4b. We aimed to compare immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy (ART) between individuals infected with clusters 4a and 4b and to explore virological determinants underlying cluster-specific differences. We conducted a multicenter cohort study in Jiangsu Province, China, enrolling 604 cluster 4-infected patients with sustained viral suppression after 24 weeks of ART. We used generalized additive mixed models to characterize CD4 + T-cell recovery, logistic regression to identify factors associated with immunological non-response (INR), and Cox regression models to evaluate determinants of the CD4 + T-cell normalization. HIV-1 co-receptor tropism was inferred using Geno2pheno. We included 604 patients (391 cluster 4a, 213 cluster 4b). Patients with cluster 4a exhibited a significantly slower recovery rate than those with cluster 4b ( β : −9.88 cells/μL/year; interaction term P = 0.006). Relative to cluster 4b, cluster 4a infection was associated with a higher risk of INR (adjusted OR: 1.61, 95% CI: [1.05, 2.48]) and a lower probability of CD4 + T-cell normalization (adjusted HR: 0.64, 95%CI: [0.49, 0.84]). Cluster 4a displayed a higher prevalence of CXCR4 tropism, driven by amino acid combinations at key V3 loop positions. Clusters 4a and 4b showed distinct patterns of immune reconstitution after ART. Cluster 4a infection was associated with poorer immune reconstitution, potentially related to its higher prevalence of CXCR4 tropism. Given the expanding prevalence of cluster 4 among MSM, monitoring its genetic evolution and virulence is crucial. IMPORTANCE The differential impact of HIV-1 CRF01_AE clusters 4a and 4b on immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains unclear, particularly among men who have sex with men in China. Our study reveals that cluster 4a infection is associated with slower immune recovery and poorer clinical outcomes compared to cluster 4b, likely be related to its higher tendency for CXCR4 tropism. These findings highlight the need for vigilant monitoring of viral evolution and tailored management strategies for patients infected with distinct HIV-1 lineages.

Leprosy is a chronic disease that severely affects the skin and nerves, sometimes leading to disability. The deformities deepen stigma and discrimination, even among patients who have been cured. Consequently, leprosy patients are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses than other diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four Chinese provinces (Fujian, Yunnan, Shandong, and Guizhou), including patients who had completed the full course of multidrug therapy (MDT). We assessed anxiety and depression using the SAS and SDS scales, and functional ability using the ADLs. Influencing factors were analyzed with multiple linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the relationships between anxiety, depression. A total of 382 valid questionnaires were received, with a participation rate of 95.5%. Among the participants, 24.08% reported anxiety, 22.51% reported depression, 45.81% experienced impairments in ADLs, and 65.18% had at least one of these conditions. Notably, 3.66% of patients experienced anxiety, depression, and ADL impairments concurrently. Multiple linear regression results showed that the No. of other chronic diseases (P = 0.004), income (P = 0.016), live with patients (P = 0.005), and other ethnic (P<0.001) have a significant correlation with anxiety (R2 = 0.546). Duration of disease (P = 0.014), No. of other chronic diseases (P = 0.000), live with patients (P = 0.015), and live with family (P = 0.040) were associated with depression (R2 = 0.155). SEM results indicated that the paths SDS-SAS, SDS-No.of other chronic diseases, and ADLs-SAS had the highest direct effects of 0.75(95CI%:0.656 ~ 0.834), 0.56(95%CI:0.103 ~ 1.016) and - 0.33(95%CI:-0.490~-0-165). The association between SAS and the (No.of other chronic diseases) was also indirectly influenced by SDS (0.420), exceeding the direct effect (0.040). Similarly, the indirect effect (-0.240) of SAS between SDS and ADLs was higher than the direct effect (-0.100). This study demonstrates that Chinese leprosy patients exhibit high levels of anxiety and depression, which are associated with impaired daily functioning. Mental health is influenced by multiple factors, including comorbid chronic diseases, living arrangements, disease duration, ADLs, income, and ethnicity. SEM revealed that anxiety mediates the impact of depression on functional limitations, highlighting the complex interplay between psychological factors and physical functioning. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive care strategies and psychosocial interventions to improve mental health and overall well-being in leprosy patients.

Objective:This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to characterize the distribution of HIV-1 viral tropism at diagnosis among people living with HIV (PLWH) and examine its association with baseline CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, thereby providing an evidence base for optimizing clinical interventions. Method:Observational studies reporting viral tropism prevalence and/or baseline CD4+ T cell counts stratified by tropism were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. A random-effects model was employed for pooled prevalence estimation and mean difference calculation. Heterogeneity was quantified using I² statistics, with subgroup analyses and sensitivity tests to identify heterogeneity sources. Results:27 articles (N = 9372) were included in this study to analyze the distribution of viral tropism, and the prevalence of Non-R5 tropism was 15.68%. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of Non-R5 IDU (27.86%) was significantly higher than that of sexual transmission (15.29%) and other routes (4.62%). The prevalence of Non-R5 tropism in the CRF01_AE subtype group (30.02%) was significantly higher than that of the B subtype (15.33%) and other subtypes (3.44%) (P ≤ 0.05). A comparison of CD4+ T cell counts (17 articles) showed a difference of -97.77 cells/μL for the Non-R5 tropic group relative to the R5 group. Conclusion:Our study find that PLWH with Non-R5 virus had more severe immune damage at diagnosis compared to PLWH with R5 virus. This can update the baseline status of patients in clinical practice. since this is a cross-sectional study, future cohort studies should be conducted to verify the relationship between tropism and changes in immunological indicators. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420251088996.

Background: As a significant traumatic event, widowhood may increase the risk of depression among middle-aged and older adults. Understanding how depressive symptoms evolve during this transition is therefore essential, as it provides critical insights for developing timely and targeted interventions to alleviate depressive symptoms in widowed individuals.Objective: This study explores the development of depressive symptoms before and after widowhood using longitudinal data from four multinational cohorts.Methods: We analysed 3766 individuals aged 45 or older from longitudinal databases in the US, UK, China, and Korea, who reported their marital status as widowed in any wave of interviews after 2010. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). This study employed cross-lagged panel network analysis to examine the associations between depressive symptoms before and after widowhood, as well as to identify the most susceptible and influential symptoms.Results: Higher ‘Could not get going’ at pre-widowhood was associated with greater ‘Fear or sad’ at post-widowhood (β = 0.148). ‘Depressed mood’ (predictability = 0.406) was the most susceptible symptom by other symptoms after widowhood. ‘Exhaust’ (influence = 0.392) exerted the strongest influence on other symptoms in the cross-lagged network.Conclusion: This study elucidated the mechanisms of influences among depressive symptoms before and after widowhood through network analysis of integrated multinational databases, identifying the most influential symptoms during this dynamic phase. The findings emphasize the importance of early identification and intervention for specific depressive symptoms in widowed individuals. They provide valuable insights for clinical practice and public health strategies, which can help reduce the psychological burden of widowhood.

Objective To construct a library of human-derived anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) single-chain variable fragments (scFv) and screen for broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies to identify candidate molecules for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients who had recovered from novel coronavirus infection. Total RNA was extracted from these PBMCs and reverse transcribed into cDNA, which was used as a template for constructing a human anti-SARS-CoV-2 scFv library. Phage display technology was used to screen for scFv antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. Full-length IgG antibodies were synthesized through sequence analysis and human IgG expression, and their binding capacity and neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated. Results A human-derived scFv antibody library against SARS-CoV-2 with a capacity of 1.56×107 CFU was successfully constructed. Two specific scFv antibodies were screened from this library and expressed as full-length IgG antibodies (IgG-A10 and IgG-G6). IgG-A10 exhibited strong neutralizing activity against both the original SARS-CoV-2 strain (WT) and the XBB subvariant of the Omicron variant. However, the neutralizing activity of this antibody against the JN.1 sub lineage of the Omicron BA.2.86 variant was moderate. Conclusion This study has successfully constructed a human anti-SARS-CoV-2 scFv antibody library from the peripheral blood of recovered patients, and screened and expressed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies with neutralizing activity, laying a foundation for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

ObjectiveIn order to improve knowledge of HIV transmission dynamics and guide preventive and control strategies, this work uses molecular cluster analysis to objectively detect clusters of HIV genetic sequence similarity.Methods89 HIV-positive couples provided blood samples, and plasma was separated for pol region gene sequence amplification. Furthermore, analyzed HIV-1 pol fragment sequences from Nanjing patients between 2015 and 2019. HYPHY and Cytoscape were used to generate and illustrate molecular networks.ResultsIn this investigation of 89 double-positive pairs, it was discovered that the pairwise gene distance approach properly detected 82.02% of positive couples at an ideal gene distance of 0.014 substitution/loci. With an accuracy of 86.25%, the optimal parameter for the phylogenetic tree and gene distance approach was 90 + 0.045 substitution/loci. A molecular network was built for the Nanjing samples (2015–2019) using the optimum threshold of the previous technique. This network had 487 sequences with one misconnected cluster. There were 565 sequences in the network created by the latter approach that were not incorrectly connected.ConclusionFor HIV research, molecular cluster analysis provides novel insights. It helps with preventive and control methods by objectively identifying clusters with comparable genetic sequences, which enhances our knowledge of HIV transmission. Further developments will increase its importance for HIV/AIDS research and worldwide prevention.

Background:With rapid population aging in China, understanding the relationship between depression symptoms and cognitive function is crucial for improving the mental health of older adults. This study investigates these dynamics using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Methods:We analyzed data from the 2015, 2018, and 2020 waves of CHARLS, including 5203 participants aged 60 and above. Depression symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression-10 (CESD-10) scale, while cognitive function was assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Cross-sectional network analysis was utilized for constructing the contemporaneous network, and cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis was subsequently employed for longitudinal analysis. Results:In all three cross-sectional networks, "Hope" was identified as a key bridge symptom connecting the depression symptom community and the cognitive function community, while "Depressed mood" was found to be the central symptom of the entire network. In temporal networks, higher drawing ability at wave 1 was associated with greater "Hope" at wave 2, whereas higher "Fear" at wave 1 was related to lower recall ability at wave 2. Moreover, lower memory ability at wave 2 was associated with lower "Bothered" at wave 3. Conclusion:This study uncovered the dynamic interplay between specific depression symptoms and cognitive functions among Chinese older adults, thereby providing further validation for the scar theory and the cognitive vulnerability model. Additionally, it provides a critical theoretical foundation for developing intervention strategies targeting mental health and cognitive function in the aging population, as well as a scientific basis for related policy formulation. Future research should integrate quantitative and qualitative data for stronger causal validation.

Objective:This systematic analysis aims to elucidate the trends and burden of idiopathic epilepsy among children aged 0 to 14 from 1990 to 2021, utilizing Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to explore demographic and geographical variations, highlight progress, and identify ongoing challenges. Methods:Data were sourced from the GBD 2021 database, focusing on children aged 0-14. Annual absolute numbers and age-standardized rates for incidence (ASIR), prevalence (ASPR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) of idiopathic epilepsy were retrieved. Joinpoint regression analyses assessed changes over time, calculating average annual percentage change (AAPC) statistics. Data collation and visualizations were conducted using R software, with statistical significance established at a p-value threshold of 0.05. Results:In 2021, there were 1,227,191 incident cases, 6,095,769 prevalent cases, 3,564,497 DALYs, and 18,171 deaths due to idiopathic epilepsy globally. The ASIR increased by 0.27% from 55.74 to 61.35 per 100,000 population from 1990 to 2021. In contrast, ASPR (AAPC = -0.03), ASMR (AAPC = -1.60), and ASDR (AAPC = -1.01) all decreased. Regionally, the low-middle SDI region had the highest burden, while the high SDI region had the highest ASIR and ASPR. The low SDI region experienced the highest ASMR and ASDR. Significant regional variations were noted, with the African Region exhibiting the highest ASIR and ASDR, while the Western Pacific Region had the lowest. Nationally, substantial variations were observed across 204 countries, with notable differences in ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR. Conclusion:Despite overall declines in ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR, the slight increase in ASIR and regional disparities highlight ongoing challenges. Low and low-middle SDI regions continue to bear a higher burden, underscoring the need for targeted interventions and improved healthcare access. Future efforts should focus on strengthening healthcare systems, enhancing diagnostic and treatment capabilities, and increasing awareness, particularly in resource-limited regions.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the disease burden of lung cancer attributable to particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in China from 1990 to 2019. Study design: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were used to estimate the disease burden of tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer attributed to PM2.5 over time in China. Methods: Joinpoint regression models were applied to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to assess the time trends and estimate the impact of PM2.5 on the overall disease burden of lung cancer. Furthermore, age-period-cohort models were conducted to assess the relationships between lung cancer DALYs attributed to PM2.5 exposure and age, calendar period and birth cohort trends in China from 1990 to 2019. Results: Lung cancer DALYs attributable to household air pollution from solid fuels decreased with an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 2.9 % per 100,000 population, while those attributable to ambient particular matter pollution (APE) increased (AAPC: -4.7 % per 100,000 population) over the past 30 years. The burden of lung cancer in terms of DALYs in males was higher than in females, and it demonstrated an age-dependent increase. The period and cohort effects also had significant impacts on the DALYs rates of lung cancer attributable to APE, indicating an overall increase in lung cancer DALYs for all age groups in each year. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for effective strategies to reduce PM2.5 exposure in China, particularly from outdoor sources. Gender differences and age, period and cohort effects observed in the study provide valuable insights into long-term trends of lung cancer burden attributed to PM2.5. (c) 2023 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Introduction: The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio is a reliable indicator of outcome risk in several diseases. This study aims to evaluate prognostic power of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio for in-hospital mortality and the dose-response relationship between the two in the oldest-old patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted on patients with acute ischemic stroke (aged ≥80 years) from two tertiary hospitals between January 1, 2014, and January 31, 2020. Based on the tertiles of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, the patients were divided into three groups. Restrictive cubic spline and robust locally weighted regression analysis were performed on continuous variables to examine the dose-response relationship between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality risk. All-cause mortality during hospitalization was the outcome for this study. Results: The study included 584 patients (mean age = 84.6 ± 3.1 years; 59.6% men). The C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was divided into three groups, namely, T1 of <0.73, T2 of 0.73–2.03, and T3: >2.03. After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, a higher C-reactive protein/albumin ratio was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The hazard ratio for this association was 2.01 (95% confidence interval: 1.12–3.60, p = 0.019). A dose-response relationship between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and in-hospital mortality risk was observed. Sensitivity analysis found no attenuation in the hazard ratio in uninfected individuals, whereas no difference in the hazard ratio was noted in individuals with infections. Conclusions: When predicting in-hospital mortality in the oldest-old patients with ischemic stroke, the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio might be a helpful and convenient metric.

Objective In order to improve knowledge of HIV transmission dynamics and guide preventive and control strategies, this work uses molecular cluster analysis to objectively detect clusters of HIV genetic sequence similarity. Methods 89 HIV-positive couples provided blood samples, and plasma was separated for pol region gene sequence amplification. Furthermore, analysis was done on HIV-1 pol fragment sequences from Nanjing patients between 2015 and 2019. HYPHY and Cytoscape were used to generate and illustrate molecular networks. Results In this investigation of 89 double-positive pairs, it was discovered that the pairwise gene distance approach properly detected 82.02% of positive couples at an ideal gene distance of 0.014 substitution/loci. With an accuracy of 86.25%, the optimal parameter for the phylogenetic tree and gene distance approach was 90+0.045 substitution/loci. A molecular network was built for the Nanjing samples (2015–2019) using the optimum threshold of the previous technique. This network had 487 sequences with one misconnected cluster. There were 565 sequences in the network created by the latter approach that were not incorrectly connected. Conclusion For HIV research, molecular cluster analysis provides novel insights. It helps with preventive and control methods by objectively identifying clusters with comparable genetic sequences, which enhances our knowledge of HIV transmission. Further developments will increase its importance for HIV/AIDS research and worldwide prevention.

Recent studies have shown that NOP2, a nucleolar protein, is up-regulated in various cancers, suggesting a potential link to tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable outcomes. This study examines NOP2's role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), a context where its implications remain unclear. Utilizing bioinformatics, we assessed 513 LUAD and 59 normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to explore NOP2's diagnostic and prognostic significance in LUAD. Additionally, in vitro experiments compared NOP2 expression between Beas-2b and A549 cells. Advanced databases and analytical tools, including LINKEDOMICS, STRING, and TISIDB, were employed to further elucidate NOP2's association with LUAD. Our findings indicate a significantly higher expression of NOP2 mRNA and protein in A549 cells compared to Beas-2b cells (P < 0.001). In LUAD, elevated NOP2 levels were linked to decreased Overall Survival (OS) and advanced clinical stages. Univariate Cox analysis revealed that high NOP2 expression correlated with poorer OS in LUAD (P < 0.01), a finding independently supported by multivariate Cox analysis (P < 0.05). The relationship between NOP2 expression and LUAD risk was presented via a Nomogram. Additionally, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified seven NOP2-related signaling pathways. A focal point of our research was the interplay between NOP2 and tumor-immune interactions. Notably, a negative correlation was observed between NOP2 expression and the immune infiltration levels of macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells, Natural Killer (NK) cells, and CD8 + T cells in LUAD. Moreover, the expression of NOP2 was related to the sensitivity of various chemotherapeutic drugs. In vitro, we found that downregulating NOP2 can decrease the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 cells. Furthermore, NOP2 can regulate Caspase3-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, particularly regarding prognosis, immune infiltration and vitro experiments, these findings suggest NOP2's potential of serving as a poor-prognostic biomarker for LUAD and aggravating the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma cells.

BackgroundHypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among the older adult population in China and older adults with hypertension are more susceptible to mental health problems. This study aimed to explore the network structure of depression and anxiety, and their association with life satisfaction (LS) in older adults with hypertension.MethodsA total of 4,993 hypertensive individuals aged 60 and above were selected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS 2017–2018). The design of the CLHLS study was approved by the Campus Institutional Review Board of Duke University (Pro00062871) and the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-13,074). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. Central and bridge symptoms were identified via “Expected Influence” and “Bridge Expected Influence”, respectively. Network stability was assessed using the case-dropping bootstrap technique.ResultsNetwork analysis identified CESD3 (Feeling blue/depressed), GAD4 (Trouble relaxing), and GAD2 (Uncontrollable worry) as the most influential central symptoms in the network of depression and anxiety. Concurrently, GAD1 (Nervousness or anxiety), CESD10 (Sleep disturbances), and CESD1 (Feeling bothered) stand as critical bridge symptoms between depression and anxiety disorders. Moreover, CESD7 (Lack of happiness) exhibited the strongest negative correlation with LS in Chinese hypertensive older adults.ConclusionThis exploratory study represents the first investigation to examine the mutual relationship between depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese hypertensive older adults. Interventions addressing targeting bridge symptoms have the potential to alleviate depressive and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, improving happiness, hope, and sleep quality in this population may mitigate the adverse effects of depression and anxiety on LS.

Since the leprosy cases have fallen dramatically, the incidence of leprosy has remained stable over the past years, indicating that multidrug therapy seems unable to eradicate leprosy. More seriously, the emergence of rifampicin-resistant strains also affects the effectiveness of treatment. Immunoprophylaxis was mainly carried out through vaccination with the BCG but also included vaccines such as LepVax and MiP. Meanwhile, it is well known that the infection and pathogenesis largely depend on the host’s genetic background and immunity, with the onset of the disease being genetically regulated. The immune process heavily influences the clinical course of the disease. However, the impact of immune processes and genetic regulation of leprosy on pathogenesis and immunological levels is largely unknown. Therefore, we summarize the latest research progress in leprosy treatment, prevention, immunity and gene function. The comprehensive research in these areas will help elucidate the pathogenesis of leprosy and provide a basis for developing leprosy elimination strategies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on global health, inspiring the widespread use of machine learning in combating the disease, particularly in prediction models. This study aimed to assess academic publications utilizing machine learning prediction models to combat COVID-19. We analyzed 2422 original articles published between 2020 and 2023 with bibliometric tools such as Histcite Pro 2.1, Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer. The United States, China, and India emerged as the most prolific countries, with Stanford University producing the most publications and Huazhong University of Science and Technology receiving the most citations. The National Natural Science Foundation of China and the National Institutes of Health have made significant contributions to this field. Scientific Reports is the most frequent journal for publishing these articles. Current research focuses on deep learning, federated learning, image classification, air pollution, mental health, sentiment analysis, and drug repurposing. In conclusion, this study provides detailed insights into the key authors, countries, institutions, funding agencies, and journals in the field, as well as the most frequently used keywords.

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) present significant health challenges globally, especially among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) due to their unique developmental stages. Comprehensive analyses of their burden are limited. This study leverages the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to assess the global, regional, and national burden and trends of major ADs among AYAs from 1990 to 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021 for individuals aged 15–39 years, we employed a direct method for age standardization to calculate estimates along with 95

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed a severe threat to global public health. Rapid, reliable, and easy-to-use detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 variants are critical for effective epidemic prevention and control. The N protein of SARS-CoV-2 serves as an ideal target for antigen detection. In this study, we achieved soluble expression of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 N protein using an Escherichia coli expression system and generated specific monoclonal antibodies by immunizing BALB/c mice. We successfully developed 10 monoclonal antibodies against the N protein, designated 5B7, 5F2-C11, 5E2-E8, 6C3-D8, 7C8, 9F2-E9, 12H5-D11, 13G2-C10, 14E9-F6, and 15H3-E10. Using these antibodies, we established a sandwich ELISA with 6C3-D8 as the capture antibody and 5F2-C11 as the detection antibody. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.78 ng/mL and showed no cross-reactivity with MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-229E. Furthermore, this method successfully detected both wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, including Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron. These findings indicate that our sandwich ELISA exhibits excellent sensitivity, specificity, and broad-spectrum applicability, providing a robust tool for detecting SARS-CoV-2 variants.

目的 构建高校突发公共卫生事件应对能力评价指标体系,为进一步提升高校公共卫生事件应对能力提供依据.方法 于2019年11月,在文献研究和专家讨论基础上制定评价体系,选择15名专家通过层次分析法进行主观评价,调查120所江苏省高校,通过反熵权法进行客观评价,以主客观联合赋权法进行最终评价.结果 指标体系由4个一级指标、9个二级指标、32个三级指标以及67个四级指标构成.组合赋权法分析显示,一级指标权重从大到小依次为事件处置能力(0.666)、事件发现能力(0.203)、事前准备能力(0.101)和事后恢复能力(0.031).二级指标权重前三位为应急响应(0.480)、监测与报告(0.203)和指挥协调(0.151).一致性指标评价结果显示,专家权威系数为0.909,Kendall's W协调系数为0.836(P＜0.01),一致性比例值均＜0.1.结论 研究构建的评价体系有较高的科学性和可信性,对于评价高校突发公共卫生事件应对能力提供了依据.