The map of distribution of the incidence of congenital orofacial clefts for the regions of Krasnodarskii krai has been constructed. For the regions of Krasnodarskii krai, statistically significant correlation (r = 0,97; p = 0,03) between the incidence of congenital clefts and integrated index of environmental pollution was shown.

Distribution of children with congenital clefts of lip and/or palate (CCL, CCP and CCLP) by local administrative-territorial units of the Krasnodarskij kraj has been studied from clinical data base of the chair of child stomatology, odontology and orofacial surgery of KGMU for the period from 1985 to 2010 (N=1745). The average frequency of clefts in Krasnodar region is 1,15:1000, and proved to be respectively stable during the total period of monitoring. Frequency in different administrative-territorial units of Krasnodarskij kraj varies of from minimum value 1:2000 to maximum 1:500. Dynamics of proportions of diagnosis CCL, CCP and CCLP for the 25-year period has been considered separately for two sexes.

Based on data collected from urban residents by questionnaire, the basic parameters of the genetic-demographic structure of populations of the three megalopolises, i.e., Moscow, Kharkov, and Minsk, have been calculated, including the migration coefficients and their dynamics in generations, the radius of the cities migration attraction, the parameters of marriage structure (the proportion ofinterethnic marriages, the level of intraethnic assortative mating, the marital distances), and the gene flow between the ethnic groups. It is shown that the representatives of the most numerous ethnic groups in each megalopolis have considerable amount of admixture. For Russians of Moscow, Ukrainians of Kharkov, and Belarusians of Minsk, the proportion of individuals whose ancestors were all born in the given city for at least three generations and belonged to the same nationality turned out to be very low (4.75% in Moscow, 1.83% in Kharkov, and 3.13% in Minsk). This finding questions the formation of a reference population in the megalopolis as a sampling of aboriginals of certain ethnic origins. In the paper, we justify principles of creating genetic databases for the population of the megalopolis taking into account the complexity and dynamism of its population structure.

We studied 96 families of children (with birth data from 2000 to 2009 years) with congenital cleft lip, cleft palate or both (23%, 20and 57% correspondingly), increasing per cent of more hard pathology during last years was revealed. We observed more frequent birth of boys with orofacial clefts compared to girls. However, we observed no sex dependent differences in spectrum of diagnosis of the congenital orofacial clefts. The peculiarities of age distribution of mothers for children with cleft (N=999) born 1978-2009 wеre studied which revealed age group from 35 and higher with the highest respective risk, the group of young mothers was also detected as group of slightly increased risk. Therefore, factor of age ought to be included into medical genetic consultation program to reduce risk of clefts birth Krasnodarskii krai. for the first time, SNP C(-1204)G in promoter of gene FOXE1 was detected in two families with children with cleft palateв studied in Krasnodarskii krai, which was earlier identified mediating cleft palate.

Geographic parameters of migration were analyzed on the basis of data on birthplaces of individuals who contracted marriages in Moscow 1955, 1980, and 1994 to 1995. It was shown that the relationship between the migration rate and distance significantly changed in the 1990s. Investigation of ethnic composition of migrants demonstrated that an increase of migration activity of residents of Transcaucasia and North Caucasus recorded in 1990s was associated with an increase in migration to Moscow of representatives of indigenous populations of these regions rather than with repatriation of Russians. Analysis of migration with the use of the Malecot's model of isolation by distance showed that genetically effective migration accounted for 1/7, 1/3, and 1/4 of the total marital migration rate in 1995, 1980, and 1990, respectively. An increase in mean migration distance in 1995 to 1980 is explained mainly by a decrease in the proportion of short-range migration. The level of isolation by distance was extremely low and showed a trend to further decrease during the 40-year time interval. Parameters of the model indicated that at present the population of the central part of the Moscow oblast in the 80-km zone from the city center should be assigned to the Moscow population.

On the basis of official migration statistics and marriage records, the genetic parameters of migration in the Moscow population over the past 120 years were determined. Although the number of officially registered migrants decreased, the coefficient of marriage migration in the mid-1990s was higher than in the mid-1980s (m = 0.4). The in-migrants considerably differed from Moscow-born residents with respect to their age at marriage, ethnicity, level of education, and speciality. The emigration of the Moscow residents to foreign countries was selective with respect to the educational level and adversely affected the labor, intellectual, and cultural resources of Moscow (the "braindrain"). In the long run, the observed ethnic differences between in-migrants and emigrants may considerably influence the ethnic composition and, hence, genetic diversity of the Moscow population.

The genetic consequence of positive assortative mating for the demographic characters in the megapolis population is being discussed.

A genetic-demographic study of the dynamics of the Moscow population marriage structure, with respect to the age of marriage, birthplace and nationality of newlyweds has been carried out by means of sample analysis of 1955 and 1980 marriage records; some other demographic and statistic data obtained during several years were also used. The mean age of marriage being practically constant, the proportion of newlyweds younger than 20 in the reproductive part of the Moscow population was shown to be considerably higher at the beginning of the XX century than at present. The number of couples married at the postreproductive age increased in 1980, as compared with 1955. The process of migration contributing to the genetic structure of subsequent Moscow generations has been characterized quantitatively and from the spatio-geographical point of view. High values (0.57 less than m less than 0.86) of the coefficient of migration to Moscow correspond to the period of non-controlled city population growth. As a result of administrative measures for regulation of the city population growth, the value of the coefficient of migration to Moscow decreased considerably by 1980, though still remained at a rather high level (m=0.40). The mean migration distance increased from 230 km, in the beginning of XIX century to 560 km in 1955 and 1100 in 1980. Especially great was the increase of genetic contribution from Eastern and Southern regions of the USSR. The variability of the national composition also increased. These changes in the geography of migration will cause the increasing reproduction of the entire country gene pool in Moscow as a panmixia center that may result in genetic originality of the Moscow population.