The growing older adult population worldwide has led to an increased prevalence of hypertension; however, suitable dosage forms for patients undergoing multidrug therapy remain limited. This study aimed to develop a modular polypill using a stackable tablet platform inspired by the Tower of Hanoi, enabling the co-delivery of multiple antihypertensive drugs with adjustable dosing, once-daily administration, and personalized therapy without reformulating each drug component. The selected active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were amlodipine, hydrochlorothiazide, and valsartan, which are commonly prescribed first-line agents in combination therapy due to their complementary mechanisms of action. Each module of the polypill was prepared using a freeze-drying technique, with formulations cast into food-grade silicone molds fabricated from 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) masters using fused deposition modeling (FDM). The modular tablets were composed of amlodipine (5 mg) in the annular (donut-shaped) module, hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg) in the annular module, and valsartan (80 mg) in the central core module. Key formulation variables, including binder type, water amount, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) content, were systematically varied to optimize the tablet design. The optimal composition of the freeze-dried tablet consisted of 600 mg of mannitol (diluent), 60 mg of polyvinyl alcohol (binder), and 0.6 mL of water. This optimized formulation, subjected to six freeze-thaw cycles prior to freeze-drying, exhibited suitable mechanical strength and elasticity, enabling the snap-lock assembly of the modular components into a complete polypill structure. Each individual freeze-dried, drug-loaded module met pharmacopeial standards for dissolution. Furthermore, the fully assembled polypill completely disintegrated within 15 min, and each drug released more than Q + 5% of its labeled content within 30 min, demonstrating rapid drug release and effective dissolution behavior. These findings suggest that the proposed modular polypill represents a promising strategy to address medication administration challenges in polypharmacy patients, particularly those requiring flexible multidrug regimens and personalized dosing approaches.

Non-compliance with medication is a significant issue found among both pediatric and geriatric patients. One of the main factors is dysphagia, which could lead to treatment failure. The aim of this study is to investigate and develop a pharmaceutical formulation in a medicated straw for geriatric and pediatric patients using 3D printing technology combined with lyophilization. The process began with the design and computer simulation of a suitable medicated straw, followed by the development of the formulation using the Design of Experiment (DOE) approach using the Box-Behnken design to analyze the relationship between formulation components and various properties of straw and drug cake loaded inside. These included water-to-solid content ratio, sodium starch glycolate-to-mannitol ratio and gelatin amount, to key tablet properties. Based on experimental results and Partial Least Squares (PLS), the study identified that water-to-solid content ratio significantly influences sipping time, pore volume, tablet density and weight loss percentage. The sodium starch glycolate-to-mannitol ratio primarily affects drug dissolution percentage, while the gelatin content was identified as the most influential factor in enhancing the hardness of the tablets. The optimal formulation was identified with a water-to-solid content ratio of 4.918, a sodium starch glycolate-to-mannitol ratio of 0.075, and a gelatin content of 0.225 mg per unit. The findings enabled the development of an optimal medicated straw and formulation for pediatric and geriatric patients.

Glipizide (GPZ), a biopharmaceutics classification system Class II antidiabetic drug with low aqueous solubility and a high melting point, presents challenges for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing due to the elevated processing temperatures commonly required. This study investigated low-temperature hot-melt extrusion (HME) and FDM 3D printing for the fabrication of personalized immediate-release GPZ tablets using vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (KVA64)-based filaments. GPZ-loaded filaments containing KVA64, mannitol (MAN), and triethyl citrate (TEC) were successfully prepared at 60 °C and printed at 90 °C. Among six formulations investigated, the filament composed of 12% w/w GPZ, 69% w/w KVA64, 10% w/w MAN, and 9% w/w TEC exhibited suitable flexibility, feedability, and moisture resistance. DSC, PXRD, and TGA findings were consistent with a partially amorphous GPZ dispersion containing residual crystalline domains, with no detectable thermal degradation under the processing conditions. A mixed-level factorial design was used to investigate the effects of infill pattern, number of shells, and layer thickness on GPZ release at 10 min. After Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons, infill pattern, number of shells, and the infill pattern × layer thickness interaction remained statistically significant, whereas the main effect of layer thickness did not. Grid infill and fewer shells generally promoted faster drug release, while the effect of layer thickness depended on the infill architecture. Dose-adjusted tablets containing 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg GPZ were produced by modifying tablet thickness while maintaining a constant diameter. Thinner tablets exhibited faster dissolution because of their higher surface area-to-volume ratios. However, the 15 mg tablet did not meet the immediate-release dissolution criterion at 30 min, indicating that height-based scaling alone is insufficient for maintaining immediate-release performance at higher doses. These findings demonstrate the potential of low-temperature HME-FDM printing for personalized GPZ tablets while emphasizing the need to optimize both tablet geometry and internal architecture across the intended dose range.

Background/Objectives: Beeswax, a complex natural secretion primarily derived from Apis mellifera and Apis cerana, has evolved from an ancient remedy into a multifunctional excipient and bioactive material in modern pharmaceutical sciences. This review evaluates its physicochemical properties, pharmaceutical applications, and emerging biomedical potential, while addressing current quality and regulatory challenges. Methods: A narrative review was conducted by analyzing literature on the chemical composition, functional properties, conventional uses, advanced drug delivery applications, pharmacological activities, and quality control of beeswax, emphasizing structural characteristics, formulation roles, and integration into innovative delivery technologies. Results: Beeswax is a lipid-based matrix composed of over 300 constituents, including wax esters, hydrocarbons, and free fatty acids, conferring thermoplasticity, biocompatibility, and structural stability. Traditionally, it functions as a stiffening agent, viscosity modifier, and emulsion stabilizer in topical formulations, forming an occlusive barrier that enhances skin hydration. In advanced systems, it serves as a solid lipid matrix in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), microspheres, and 3D-printed tablets, enabling controlled drug release and improved bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. It also exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, while beeswax-derived policosanols show potential cardiovascular and gastroprotective benefits. However, concerns regarding paraffin adulteration and pesticide contamination highlight the need for stringent analytical and regulatory oversight. Conclusions: With rigorous quality control and sustainable sourcing, beeswax remains a versatile, eco-friendly material bridging traditional medicine and advanced pharmaceutical innovation.

This study aimed to develop and optimize shellac-salt (SHL-salt) nanoparticles using the electrospraying technique. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to systematically evaluate the effects of shellac concentration, salt conversion degree, and applied electrical voltage on the average particle size, size distribution, and solubility of the prepared nanoparticles. The optimized formulationcomprising 20% (w/w) shellac, 100% salt conversion degree, and an applied voltage of 15 kVproduced nanoparticles with an average particle size of 758.00 nm and a narrow size distribution of approximately 94.44 nm, along with markedly enhanced solubility at intestinal pH 6.8. Diclofenac sodium (DS) was selected as a model drug to assess encapsulation efficiency, drug loading capacity, and drug release behavior following incorporation into the nanoparticle matrix. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (97.63%) with a drug loading capacity of 4.88%. Physicochemical characterization using powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that DS was present in an amorphous state and molecularly dispersed within the shellac-salt matrix. In vitro dissolution studies under simulated gastrointestinal conditions showed no drug release in acidic medium; however, DS-loaded shellac-salt nanoparticles exhibited significantly faster drug release at intestinal pH compared with DS-loaded shellac acid nanoparticles. In summary, the application of CCD-based statistical optimization enabled the successful fabrication of drug-loaded shellac nanoparticles, demonstrating their potential as promising carriers for improved intestinal dissolution.

Polypharmacy in chronic diseases like hypertension often compromises patient adherence and therapeutic success due to complex regimens. While conventional fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablets improve adherence, they lack the dose flexibility needed for personalized treatment. This study addresses this gap by developing and characterizing a novel, LEGO®-inspired assemblable FDC tablet system for customizable antihypertensive therapy. Using 3D-printed molds, individual, stackable modules containing either Amlodipine, Valsartan, or Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) were created. The study evaluated two polymer matrices, revealing a critical dependence on the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Gelatin-based matrices were effective for Amlodipine and Valsartan, achieving rapid drug with USP dissolution standards; however, this matrix was incompatible release (>90% within 30 min) compliant with HCTZ. Conversely, an HPMC-based matrix successfully formulated HCTZ with a controlled-release profile but was unsuitable for the other two drugs. This work validates the proof-of-concept for a modular FDC system as a promising platform for personalized polypharmacy. However, it also highlights that achieving desired drug release profiles requires careful, API-specific polymer selection, presenting a key formulation challenge for this innovative approach.

Introduction: We investigated the associations of suicide-related adverse events (SRAEs) and drug-related depression (DRD) with sex, age, and medications by using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Methods: SRAEs and DRD cases for April 2004 to January 2025 were extracted from the JADER database by using the preferred terms of the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. SRAEs were evaluated as drug-related completed suicides (DRCSs), drug-related suicide attempts (DRSAs), and drug-related suicidal ideation (DRSI) and associations with sex, age, and causative drugs were evaluated. Drugs were categorized using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, and their associations with sex and age were visualized using mosaic plots. Disproportionality was assessed using reporting odds ratios (RORs) and proportional reporting ratios (PRRs); adjusted RORs were additionally estimated using multivariable logistic regression with reporting year, sex, and age group as covariates. Results: Among 965,285 reports, 1061 DRCSs, 2316 DRSAs, 1093 DRSI cases, and 1658 DRD cases were identified. Male individuals accounted for 59.2%, 38.7%, 42.3%, and 42.3% of DRCS, DRSA, DRSI, and DRD cases, respectively. Additionally, patients aged ≥60 years accounted for 32.0%, 19.2%, 24.8%, and 44.9% of the corresponding cases. The frequently reported suspected drugs included paroxetine and aripiprazole for DRCS, zolpidem and paroxetine for DRSA, paroxetine and aripiprazole for DRSI, and interferon preparations and ribavirin for DRD. Conclusion: DRCS was relatively more frequent in males and older adults, whereas DRSA/DRSI were more prominent in females and younger individuals; neuropsychiatric agents predominated in SRAEs, while interferon-based therapies were prominent in DRD.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used polymers in fused deposition modeling (FDM) due to its ease of processing and bio-based origin; however, its inherent brittleness and poor impact resistance often result in premature failure in load-bearing and functional printed components. This study investigates the mechanical failure and fracture mechanisms of conventional and FDM printed PLA/polybutylene succinate (PBS) biopolymer blends. PLA/PBS blends containing 0-40 wt% PBS were prepared via melt mixing and processed into filaments suitable for FDM, with compression-molded samples used as baseline references to decouple material effects from AM-induced anisotropy. FDM specimens were printed at a constant speed of 60 mm/s with infill densities of 15% and 80% to evaluate the influence of internal architecture on mechanical behavior. Among the printed compositions, the PLA80/PBS20 blend exhibited the highest tensile performance, particularly at 80% infill density, attributed to improved interlayer bonding and enhanced phase compatibility between PLA and PBS. Fractographic analysis revealed a transition from brittle interlayer fracture to ductile deformation with increasing PBS content, characterized by fibrillation and effective energy dissipation mechanisms. The results demonstrate that low PBS loadings significantly enhance interlayer adhesion and mechanical reliability in FDM-printed PLA without compromising printability. This work establishes PLA/PBS blends as promising sustainable feedstocks for additive manufacturing, offering a viable pathway toward tougher, biodegradable materials for structural FDM applications.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films plasticized with glycerin or polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated to elucidate structure-property relationships in hydrophilic polymeric film systems. Films were prepared by solution casting at a fixed polymer concentration of 2.7% w/w with plasticizer contents ranging from 0.49 to 1.33% w/w, yielding continuous, free-standing films with good surface integrity. Polymer type and plasticizer dosage strongly affected film breakdown behavior. HPMC films with high plasticization swelled and disintegrated. Effective plasticization was shown by a steady drop in tensile strength and elastic modulus and a significant rise in elongation at break. PVA films plasticized better than HPMC films in PEG-containing solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified hydrogen bonding-driven polymer-plasticizer interactions, with glycerin outperforming PEG. Increasing plasticizer percentage reduced crystallographic order and thermal transition temperature in X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Scanning electron microscopy indicated smooth and uniform surfaces at intermediate plasticizer levels, but variability at higher loadings. Among the studied formulations, PVA films containing 1.33% w/w plasticizer and HPMC films containing 1.05% w/w plasticizer provided the most balanced combination. These findings support physiochemically rational PVA and HPMC film design for pharmaceutical applications.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used as delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics. However, reproducible manufacturing at elevated throughput remains challenging. Microfluidic platforms can be scaled through higher-flow operation or numbering-up of parallel channels. Alternative reactor geometries that intensify mixing at larger channel dimensions are therefore of complementary interest. In this study, a vortex tube reactor (VTR)–based flow chemistry platform was developed for the production of nucleic acid–loaded LNPs. A design of experiments (DoE) approach was applied to systematically investigate the effects of total flow rate and organic-to-aqueous flow rate ratio on key physicochemical properties, including hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and productivity. The optimized formulation produced LNPs with controlled particle size and high entrapment efficiency (>90%), while substantially improving production throughput relative to a conventional batch synthesis. Under the single condition tested, the optimized parameters proved partially transferable from DNA to mRNA. Particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, loading capacity and productivity were comparable, although entrapment efficiency was significantly lower for mRNA. The optimized conditions were further evaluated using eGFP mRNA in HEK293T cells. Biological evaluation demonstrated measurable intracellular delivery and eGFP protein expression, confirming delivery of translationally competent mRNA. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that the VTR-based platform produces LNPs with tunable properties and functional biological activity at substantially higher throughput than the batch synthesis. The integration of vortex-induced mixing with statistical optimization provides a systematic strategy for advancing the manufacturing of nucleic acid therapeutics and vaccine delivery systems.

This review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals seeking sustainable additive manufacturing (AM) solutions by bridging material science and process optimization. Rising global warming concerns, driven by carbon dioxide emissions from nonbiodegradable polymers, have accelerated the demand for biodegradable alternatives. This article covers the evolution of AM, the use of biopolymers and biocomposites, their material properties, processing considerations, and industrial applications, emphasizing the importance of tailoring printing parameters for successful implementation. The advantages of biocomposites, often incorporating renewable resources, are highlighted, alongside how material selection and process conditions influence printability, mechanical integrity, and thermal stability. The convergence of biodegradable materials with AM reflects pioneering developments in the field. Future research should focus on developing high-performance biodegradable products via combined printing and recycling approaches, while biomedical advances enable the development of tissue scaffolds and implants with tunable degradation rates. The integration of AI and ML supports predictive design and process optimization, and the transition from 3D to 4D printing opens new avenues for smart, responsive, and sustainable applications. With the field evolving rapidly, major challenges beyond research include standardization and driving adoption. This review consolidates current progress, identifies research gaps, and provides directions for future studies in materials science, engineering, and environmental sustainability.

Alginate, a natural polysaccharide derived primarily from marine algae, has become popular in biomedical research due to its versatile gelation properties and biocompatibility. This review explores the chemistry, gelation mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of alginate gels, with a particular focus on their role in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) management. Alginate's structure, comprised of guluronic and mannuronic acid blocks, allows for gel formation by ionic cross-linking with divalent cations like calcium ions, generating a stable "egg-box" structure. The effects of pH, temperature, and ion concentration on gelation are explored, as well as other gel forms such as in situ and heat-sensitive gels. Alginate is widely used in the medical and pharmaceutical areas to promote tissue engineering through cell encapsulation and scaffolding, as well as in drug delivery systems for controlled and targeted release. In GERD therapy, alginate produces a gel raft that inhibits acid reflux, providing an effective alternative to proton pump inhibitors. Alginate-based products have demonstrated clinical success, strengthening alginate's medicinal promise. The review also discusses alginate-related issues, such as source variability and stability, as well as innovative modifications to improve treatment effects. These improvements establish alginate as a potential material for customized medication and tailored delivery systems.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and 3D printing are transforming pharmaceutical manufacturing by enabling the production of personalized medications. AI supports real-time decision-making in diagnostics and robotics, although its application in pharmaceutical research remains at an early stage. 3D printing, particularly additive manufacturing, provides precise control over drug formulation, allowing the design of patient-specific dosage forms with tailored release profiles. Machine learning and deep neural networks are used to predict formulation parameters, optimize processing conditions, and support the design of innovative drug delivery geometries. Technological platforms such as cloud computing and blockchain enhance data security, transparency, and scalability. Printable materials-including thermoplastic polymers, hydrogels, and bioinks-demonstrate utility in AI-assisted manufacturing systems. The integration of AI, smart materials, and 3D printing advances intelligent drug production technologies aligned with Industry 4.0 principles. Key considerations include regulatory compliance, data reliability, ethical implications, and pathways for clinical translation. Clinical medicine is rapidly advancing through the adoption of 3D printing and AI, enabling personalized prosthetics, accurate surgical planning, and bioprinted tissues. AI-driven segmentation and optimization enhance the accuracy and efficiency of 3D-printed anatomical models for pre-operative preparations and medical training. Cardiology, oncology, and orthopedics are increasingly adopting these technologies to improve patient outcomes and clinical workflows. Future directions include broader adoption across specialties, bioprinting for regenerative health care, and AI-optimized systems for targeted drug delivery. This review addresses the current challenges and limitations of AI and 3D-printed medicines, pharmaceutical manufacturing, case studies, ethical considerations, and future perspectives.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, is transforming pharmaceutical and biomedical fields by enabling personalized medicine. This review highlights advances in 3D printing for customized drug delivery systems, including patient-specific dosage forms, multidrug polypills, and implantable devices that improve adherence and therapeutic outcomes-especially for pediatric and geriatric populations. The intersection of 3D printing with regenerative medicine is also explored, focusing on bioprinting technologies, stem cell-laden scaffolds, and smart biomaterials such as hydrogels and bioinks for localized therapy and tissue repair. These strategies reflect an expanded vision of personalized medicine, merging individualized pharmacotherapy with tissue engineering. Additionally, the review discusses the integration of artificial intelligence, nano-enabled platforms, and decentralized pharmaceutical manufacturing to accelerate development and access. Key regulatory and technical challenges are outlined, along with future directions to promote the clinical translation and scalability of 3D-printed pharmaceutical and regenerative systems.

The primary goal of drug formulation is to improve a drug's bioavailability in the body. However, poorly water-soluble drugs present challenging issues related to their solubility and bioavailability factors. Emerging technologies, such as lipid-based drug delivery systems, including micro- or nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, have become increasingly relevant to address the above challenges. This review presents a thorough overview of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). It covers the properties, principles, self-emulsification mechanism, formulation strategies, and characterization methods of SEDDS. This review also addresses the delivery of antiviral agents through SEDDS. Moreover, it summarizes the marketed formulations of SEDDS consisting of antiviral agents. This review offers a comprehensive and valuable resource for future perspectives on SEDDS and their potential applications in antiviral drug delivery.

INTRODUCTION:Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are the first-line therapies for macular edema, diabetic macular edema, and exudative age-related macular degeneration secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Although adverse events, including cerebral infarction, are rare, their potential severity warrants further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the risk and time to onset of adverse events, including cerebral infarction, associated with anti-VEGF agents using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. METHODS:Adverse events were coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, and reporting odds ratios were calculated. The number of reports and median time to onset (interquartile range) were determined. Survival analyses were performed employing the log-rank test and the generalized Wilcoxon test. RESULTS:From April 2004 to January 2025, 965,286 reports were included in the JADER database. The number of adverse event reports for aflibercept (IVA), ranibizumab (IVR), brolucizumab (IVB), and faricimab (IVF) was 1,217, 1,223, 1,064, and 199, respectively. Furthermore, the reported numbers of cerebral infarction cases associated with IVA, IVR, IVB, and IVF were 200, 154, 16, and 20, respectively. The median (interquartile range) time to onset of cerebral infarction associated with IVA and IVR was 79.0 (range: 28.0-274.0) days and 48.5 (range: 14.0-142.5) days, respectively, with a significant difference in the time trend (log-rank test: p = 0.0100 and generalized Wilcoxon test: p = 0.0067). CONCLUSION:The findings suggest that cerebral infarction may develop earlier with IVR use than with IVA use and highlight the need for careful monitoring and individualized treatment strategies in clinical practice.

Biopolymere sind Polymere, die in der Natur vorkommen bzw. mit einigen Prozessen weiter bearbeitet werden, sodass sie für bestimmte Zwecke eingesetzt werden können. Häufig sind sie durch ihre Bioabbaubarkeit, Biokompatibilität und nicht vorhandene bzw. geringe Toxizität von Interesse für den Einsatz in der Medizin bzw. Pharmazie.

The rise of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms poses a significant public health threat. Exploring natural compounds with antibacterial properties offers a potential solution. Violacein, derived from Chromobacterium violaceum, has shown promise for its antibacterial and antioxidant effects. This study aims to develop and evaluate a violacein-loaded film-forming spray (FFS) to enhance patient adherence through a flexible, peelable skin film, while maintaining antibacterial efficacy. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of violacein crude extract were evaluated. Then a central composite design was employed to optimize the FFS formulation by varying the concentration of the film-forming agent (Eudragit® RS 100), solvent ratio (ethanol), and diethyl phthalate (plasticizer). The properties of both liquid and film forms were characterized. Violacein exhibits both antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Altering the concentration of Eudragit® RS 100 and the ethanol-to-water ratio impacts viscosity, drying time, and toughness, affecting the spray radius. Increasing diethyl phthalate concentration reduces stress (the force the film can withstand before deformation) and Young’s modulus (a measure of stiffness) but increases strain (the film’s ability to stretch before breaking). The optimized formulation consists of 17.41

mRNA-based therapeutics represent a major advancement in modern medicine, offering programmable and nonintegrating treatment options for infectious diseases, malignancies, and hereditary disorders. This review addresses the chronological evolution, structural optimization, and delivery challenges of mRNA drugs, highlighting developments such as nucleoside modifications and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platforms that improve the stability and promote cellular entry. Comparative analysis highlights the benefits of mRNA over DNA-, siRNA-, and protein-based medicine in safety, scalability, and rapid rearrangement. Applications vary from COVID-19 vaccines to individualized cancer immunotherapy and protein replacement strategies. New methods, including self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and tissue-specific delivery systems, enhance the therapeutic potential. While mRNA technology faces challenges in terms of immunogenicity, multiple dosing, and durability of safety considerations, it offers unparalleled precision, transient expression, and swift manufacturability. This review emphasizes the comparative design principles of mRNA delivery systems, bridging formulation innovation with translational biomedical applications. By integrating lipid-based and nonlipid nanocarrier insights, it highlights critical advances shaping next-generation mRNA therapeutics.

Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), a medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological properties, contains triterpenes with pharmaceutical activity, including madecassoside (MC), asiaticoside (AC), madecassic acid (MA), and asiatic acid (AA). However, the current assay for these triterpenes in the United States Pharmacopeia 36–National Formulary 31 could be enhanced with improved compound separation and shorter analysis times. A new reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated, which utilized a C18 column with low-pressure gradient elution and a rapidly altered mobile phase ratio (acetonitrile and 0.3% v/v phosphoric acid in water). This method offered significantly reduced analysis times and suitable peak shapes for all triterpenes. The retention times were 11.49, 11.84, 14.67, and 15.74 min for MC, AC, MA, and AA, respectively. The method displayed linearity (R² > 0.9907) across a 0.01–0.25 mg/mL range, and its accuracy was confirmed by spiked sample recoveries of 90.60%–111.50%. The repeatability and intermediate precision were outstanding, with percentage of relative standard deviations lower than 1.31% for all triterpenes. This validated RP-HPLC method offers an accurate and time-saving alternative for analyzing C. asiatica triterpenes, providing a practical solution for the pharma-ceutical and herbal product industries.