Low-doped LM2 molybdenum alloy is obtained by the multiple electron-beam melting of Mo with the addition of 0.02 wt

Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction phase analysis, voltammetry, and chronopotentiometry are used to study the physicochemical properties of lead coating on steel substrates obtained galvanically. The effect the oxidized surface layer and through pores in the lead coating have on the coating’s function as an anode of chemical power sources is analyzed. It is shown that at positive temperatures, the anodic oxidation of the steel substrate can contribute to the functioning of the anode during a discharge. The high discharge characteristics of lead-coated anodes with no barrier layers on steel substrates at temperatures of −50 to +50°С are confirmed by tests of pilot batches of Pb/HClO4/PbO2 reserve power sources. The potential of using tin–lead alloy POS 63 on copper substrates to manufacture anodes for chemical power sources is demonstrated.

The characteristics and solution behavior of magnetite nanoparticles coated with silver by two methods were studied. The intensity of the signal and the stability of the sorption of methyl violet upon magnetization were characterized by SERS spectroscopy. The size and morphology of the obtained nanoparticles were investigated by DLS spectroscopy and SEM microscopy.

This experimental work briefly describes the technology of multiple electron-beam melting to produce low-alloy molybdenum alloys with other carbide-forming elements and carbon. Two new alloys described here allow deformation by cold rolling down to a thickness of 0.17 mm. When modifying the Golovin–Sims formula, we show that an alloy with fine (30–200 nm) carbides is hardened during cold rolling much more strongly than an alloy, in which only coarse (≥1 μm) carbides are present. The evolution of continuity defects with the deformation during cold rolling is traced.

Changes in the structure of amorphous alloys under deformation by high-pressure torsion, multiple-pass rolling, and pressure treatment have been studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It has been shown that under all types of deformation, shear bands are formed in amorphous alloys, which are regions of lower density compared to a surrounding undeformed amorphous matrix. Shear bands are regions of an increased free volume; the formation of bands results in steps occurring on the surface of samples. The number of shear bands and the surface morphology of deformed amorphous alloys are determined by the deformation type and physical properties of a material.

The structure of Ti–2 wt % Cr, Ti–4 wt % Cr, and Ti–5.5 wt % Cr alloys, annealed under conditions corresponding to the two-phase region (α + β) of the Ti–Cr phase diagram, is studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and microindentation. The work studies the formation and growth of (αTi) phase layers at the grain boundaries (βTi)/(βTi). According to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, all samples contain both (αTi) and (βTi) phases after annealing. For each alloy, the temperatures are determined at which continuous (αTi) phase layers are formed at the grain boundaries. The thickness and hardness of these layers are measured. The higher the chromium concentration, the harder are both the (αTi) and (βTi) phases. The (αTi)-phase hardness in the Ti–5.5 wt % Cr alloy is independent of the annealing temperature, but the (βTi)-phase hardness increases with decreasing annealing temperature.

The structure, IR absorption and luminescence spectra of solid solutions of Lu0.99 ‒ xGdxEu0.01BO3 at 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15 were studied. The correspondence between the structure and spectral characteristics of these compounds was established. It is shown that at x ≤ 0.05, the orthoborates Lu0.99 ‒ xGdxEu0.01BO3, consisting of lutetium borate LuBO3, which has two stable structural modifications (calcite and vaterite), and gadolinium borate GdBO3, which has only one structural modification (vaterite), form a solid solution with a calcite structure and a microcrystal size of 15–20 μm. As x increases, the amount of vaterite phase increases sequentially, and at x ≥ 0.1, the entire volume of the sample has a vaterite structure. At Gd3+ concentration in the range of 0.05 < x ≤ 0.1, the samples of Lu0.99 – xGdxEu0.01BO3 are two-phase. It is shown for the first time that at x > 0.05, the vaterite phase appears both in the volume of large microcrystals (15–20 μm) and in the form of small microcrystals (1–2 μm).

The structure, IR absorption and luminescence spectra of solid solutions of Lu 0.99 ‒ x Gd x Eu 0.01 BO 3 at 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15 were studied. The correspondence between the structure and spectral characteristics of these compounds was established. It is shown that at x ≤ 0.05, the orthoborates Lu 0.99 ‒ x Gd x Eu 0.01 BO 3 , consisting of lutetium borate LuBO 3 , which has two stable structural modifications (calcite and vaterite), and gadolinium borate GdBO 3 , which has only one structural modification (vaterite), form a solid solution with a calcite structure and a microcrystal size of 15–20 μm. As x increases, the amount of vaterite phase increases sequentially, and at x ≥ 0.1, the entire volume of the sample has a vaterite structure. At Gd 3+ concentration in the range of 0.05 < x ≤ 0.1, the samples of Lu 0.99 – x Gd x Eu 0.01 BO 3 are two-phase. It is shown for the first time that at x > 0.05, the vaterite phase appears both in the volume of large microcrystals (15–20 μm) and in the form of small microcrystals (1–2 μm).

The structure, the IR absorption spectra, and the luminescence spectra of microcrystals of orthoborates Lu1 – xEuxBO3, Lu0.99 – xTbxEu0.01BO3, and Lu0.99 – xYxEu0.01BO3 with 0 < x < 0.25 synthesized at 970°C have been studied. An increase in x leads to a sequential change in the structural state of the orthoborates. At x ≤ 0.07–0.1, the compounds form the solid solution with the calcite structure and the microcrystal sizes 8–20 μm, then they become two-phase: the vaterite phase appears along with the calcite structure. At x ≥ 0.2–0.25, a whole sample volume has the vaterite structure. It is found that there is correlation between the structure and the spectral characteristics of these compounds. The luminescence spectra are studied at various wavelengths of the exciting light, which allowed the obtainment of the information on the structure of the near- surface layer and the bulk of microcrystals of these samples. The vaterite phase is shown to form both in the coarse microcrystal bulks (8–20 μm), and as fine microcrystals (1–2 μm).

The surface morphology of amorphous alloys Co65Si12B9Ni10Nb4, Co67Si12B9Fe7Nb5, Co79Si12B9, Co67Fe5B20Nb8, Co67Si13B9Fe1Mn4, and Co56Fe16B20Ti8 exposed to a pressure of 5 GPa is studied by scanning electron microscopy. Under the action of applied pressure, steps appear on the surface as a result of the emergence of shear bands on the surface of the samples. The height of the steps is determined. To determine the geometric characteristics of the steps, the results of measurements of the steps in the images obtained at different angles of electron-beam incidence on the samples are used. The sample is mounted onto a special holder that makes it possible to tilt the sample. The experiments are carried out with sample plane positions perpendicular to the incident electron beam and at an angle of 45° with respect to the latter. The step heights in the samples vary in the range from 20 to 400 nm. The steps form systems that are arranged at an angle to each other. The bands are unevenly distributed over the sample surfaces. The structure of deformed samples is studied using the X-ray diffraction method. It is found that the alloys with a large step height have a partially crystallized structure with the formation of nanocrystals, while the alloys with a small step height remain amorphous.