Blockchain technology, renowned for its decentralized nature and robust security features, is increasingly integrated into web applications. The blockchain web application is not risk-free from the security issue, just like any other application. This paper examines the fundamental vulnerabilities of blockchain web applications, namely intelligent contract vulnerabilities, consensus mechanism vulnerabilities, and private key management risks. It also reviews the current literature regarding blockchain security, revealing critical findings and finding the research gap. The paper further describes several robust techniques helpful in mitigating such risks: strengthening smart contract security through code auditing and formal verification, reinforcement of consensus protocols with hybrid models, and private critical protection using multi-signature wallets and hardware security modules. The study concludes with a discussion on future directions in blockchain security, emphasizing emerging technologies and the importance of collaborative efforts between blockchain projects and security researchers. The following analysis is designed to contribute more secure blockchain-based web applications.

In the age of computing, there is a vast assortment of medical equipment and software available. Software and medical equipment that can be online connected to healthcare Information Technology (IT) systems are referred to as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). This research study elaborates healthcare connectivity and its security issues to the different dimension of IoMT. During the pandemic situation in 2020-21 Covid, importance of virtualization and its dependencies have got the momentum. The security challenge of IoMT needs to be addressed. The research analysis is evaluating the impact of security factors in IoMT. By systematically evaluating research studies based on the keywords IoMT, security of IoMT, and security in healthcare sector, security attributes and factors were discovered from the different digital library. This evaluation uses soft computing and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, quantitatively elaborates the factors of IoMT and their impact based on security. The results provide guidance for the development of IoMT with security attributes that can help to ensure the security of the device and software based applications on networks or in the cloud. To assess the importance of the criteria and the ranking of the alternatives, the AI technique of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preferences by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were applied. The hybrid Fuzzy AHP, Fuzzy TOPSIS techniques are utilizing the concept of decision making in security of IoMT. The items were evaluated using a multi rules choice investigation with several standards. In this research study, eight factors and ten alternatives of IoMT were selected to determine their impact on security. The creating new funding, operating and business model factor of IoMT got the top weight and successfully navigating regulatory change got the least. The AI research on IoMT security determination helps the developer, medical practitioner, and medical device operator to consider the impact of security in IoMT.

Decision-making is the most important phenomenon of selectivity in the given set of factors. Operating System (OS) security is profoundly reliant upon different factors, affecting the security of OS. The OS securities in various devices are the fundamental goal of present evaluation. The identification and estimation of OS security factors are necessary and challenging in the design of OS. Security appraisal is an essential piece of chance administration rehearsal that gives a scientific instrument to coordinate and control security factors for the assessment in design stage. The goal of this examination study is to create a secure OS with controlled intricacy. The planning of a secure OS and the consequence of security factors are taken. The assessment of OS security is utilizing the Fuzzy Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (F-Promethee II) method investigating OS security design. Fuzzy set speculations are the most suitable for the devices to give results for demonstrating subjective data. The F-Promethee II technique is used for the assessment. This technique evaluates the impact of OS security factors. Hence, the security assessment of OS is in the hierarchical data security. Initially, five prior factors at the level are distinguished. These elements are arranged in two level confidentiality, integrity, availability, human trust, and authentication at level one. At level two Denial of service attack, network intrusion, buffer overflow, authentication measure, and vulnerability. Authentication got the top rank and authorization least in the security estimation of OS.

The prognosis of manufacturing is confined, asset-light, and is brooded over adaptation to every client's preferences. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a cardinal facilitator of this transition and is anticipated to become a fountainhead in futurity. AM's advancement is transforming the way goods are designed and engineered; however, it still needs recognition from all aspects of the manufacturing industry to realize its maximum potential. AM is regarded as a breakthrough technology in the industry because of its ability to build lightweight, sturdier components and systems. 3D printing, an alias for AM that has swept the industry and popular culture, has enabled researchers to produce intricate forms that would have been difficult to fabricate using traditional techniques. Not long ago, 3D printing was the newest kid on the block; now, since the word "4D printing" is in the limelight, it is straining our ability to explore innovative ideas. Supported by time dimension, 4D printing allows the fabrication of dynamically adjustable geometries by utilizing Smart materials. With additional applications in the medicinal, aerospace, and defence industries, 4D printing technology is envisioned to become more established and acknowledged. This paper provides deep insight into 4D printing along with the justifications of their morphing practices. Moreover, a case study on soft robotics for biomedical applications has been presented.

The Internet of Things (IoT) could be compared with electricity in the modern era. Over the past ten years, it has revolutionised modern society on a daily basis through a variety of applications in several crucial industries, including agriculture. People depend heavily on agriculture in order to survive in this world. The existence of mortals depends on the availability of food to feed them. Smart farming is frequently cited as one of the most viable long-term solutions to food scarcity. Modern technology, such as AI and IoT, has transformed the idea of agriculture into a new paradigm for greater resource utilisation, land production, and decision-making. Soil management, agricultural disease detection, weed detection, and management in conjunction with IoT devices are currently using AI techniques. IoT has been used for real-time monitoring and automated agricultural activities with a minimal workforce. The system as a whole is made more sustainable by the incorporation of numerous cutting-edge technologies, which also makes agriculture smarter and more effective. This study describes cutting-edge technologies, their ramifications, and the limitations involved in implementing them in the agricultural industry.

In a short timeframe, Internet of Things (IoT) has gained a lot of traction and has entrenched itself as a global technology. IoT devices are typically integrated with machine learning and artificial intelligence systems to deliver optimal automation. Consequently, IoT has broadened its purview to embrace a wide range of sectors. The advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence have streamlined the automation of IoT devices. Several IoT applications aim to automate operations and empower inanimate tangible components to operate without any human intervention. The critical factor of IoT security is maintaining users’ confidentiality and privacy, ensuring the security of IoT architectures, gadgets, and records, and assuring the accessibility of IoT ecosystem services. As IoT failures might have serious consequences, it’s vital to examine and research security issues in this sector. The main objective of this research is to enhance the security level of IoT’s architecture. This paper delves into the seven-layer architecture of IoT. Furthermore, the major challenges and issues in IoT's architecture, along with potential countermeasures, have been discussed.

Cloud computing enhances the performance to the highest potential for cloud consumers, service providers, and cloud providers; it makes various services possible. The term “cloud computing,” which refers to the most current advancement in internet-based computing, is very broad. The exploration of cloud computing has grown among businesses and government organisations. They can profit from the cloud computing model in a number of ways, including less capital and operational costs, with the aid of numerous relatively inexpensive computing entities and cutting-edge reference models, i.e., Platform as a Service, Software as a Service, and Infrastructure as a Service. Even though cloud computing has numerous advantages, its widespread adoption needs to be improved by several security issues, such as client and association vulnerabilities. This paper briefly overviews cloud computing, including its security threats and infrastructure problems. The technology of cloud computing is affected by these security threats. In addition, the influence of threats on security factors affecting cloud computing and cloud services is investigated. Also, it focuses on a few unique security countermeasures that can help people and businesses to avoid security threats in the cloud.

Since India is the second-highest populated country in the world and the seventh-largest country in terms of area, which includes hills, plateaus, coastal areas, etc., this situation of land makes a variety of crops and harvest timelines. These timelines seeped into India’s culture and festivals. The harvest planning of farmers became a very challenging task due to the variety of land and multitude of harvest timelines as well. To execute this harvest plan, farmers must survey and map their land, but their limited reach restricts them. In view of these restrictions and limitations, drones can be very helpful for farmers; these drones can improve surveying quality and provide a proper harvest timeline as output. Artificial Intelligence-powered drones will give results in three stages: analysis of field planning, tracking the growth and counting of crops, and finally the ripeness tracking and timing of the harvest.

Abstract: Quantum computer development attracts security experts in software. Software developers need to pay attention to the development of quantum computers in terms of software security. The security of software is at risk with the computation speed of quantum mechanisms in computing. Background: Software security evaluation focuses on the fundamental security features of the soft-ware as well as the quantum enable security alternatives. The rapid development of a number of qubits in quantum computers makes the present security mechanism of software insecure. The soft-ware security evaluation is the most crucial part of surveying, controlling, and administering security in order to further improve the properties of safety. Objective: It's crucial to understand that performing a security assessment early on in the develop-ment process can help you find bugs, vulnerabilities, faults, and attacks. In this quantitative study, the definition and use of the quantum computing security approach in software security will be cov-ered. The cryptographic calculations had to secure our institutions based on computers and networks. Methods: The Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (Fuzzy-TOPSIS) to quantitatively assess the rank of the quantum enable security alternatives with security factors. Results: The Quantum Key Distribution [A2], the quantum technique of security approach, has got the top priority and quantum key distribution in GHz state [A6] got the least in the estimation of software security during the era of quantum computer by the neural network method of Fuzzy-TOPSIS. Conclusion: The quantum mechanism of computing makes classical computing insecure. The secu-rity estimation of software makes developers focus on the quantum mechanism of security. The quantum mechanism of quantum key distribution is to make software secure.

As the world enters the 21st century, the imperative of safeguarding cybersecurity has intensified. Considering the expanding dependence on information technology (IT) systems for a broad spectrum of military operations, the stakes have never been higher for thwarting successful cyberattacks. Conventional security protocols have become increasingly precarious in the face of evolving cyber threats. This necessitates the adoption of avant-garde and nascent technologies to bolster the military's cybersecurity stance. The paper delves into an array of incipient technologies that proffers the prospect of enhancing cybersecurity in the realm of defence. These include artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), blockchain, and quantum computing. AI can be leveraged to automate numerous cybersecurity functions, such as threat detection and response. ML can augment the precision of threat detection and response systems. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology, can safeguard data and transactions. Quantum computing, a nascent technology, harbours the potential to revolutionize computation. It could be utilized to breach present-day encryption standards, thereby rendering data vulnerable to attackers. Moreover, the paper appraises the exigencies and possibilities in defence cyber security and scrutinizes the policy and practice ramifications of these emergent technologies and best practices.

Abstract Quantum computer development attracts the security experts of software. The rapid development of number of qubit in quantum computer makes the present security mechanism of software insecure. Software developers need to pay attention to the development of quantum computers in terms of software security. Software security evaluation focuses on the fundamental security features of software as well as the quantum enable security alternatives. The software security evaluation is the most crucial part of surveying, controlling, and administering security in order to further improve the properties of safety. It's crucial to understand that performing a security assessment early on in the development process can help you find bugs, vulnerabilities, faults, and attacks. In this quantitative study, the definition and use of the quantum computing security approach in software security will be covered. The cryptographic calculations had to secure our institutions based on computer and network. The Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (Fuzzy-TOPSIS) is to quantitatively assess the rank of the quantum enable security alternatives with security factors. The Quantum Key Distribution, quantum technique of security has got the top priority in the estimation of software security during the era of quantum computer. The quantum mechanism of computing makes the classical computing insecure. The assessment of software security is tried to evaluate factors and its impact on alternatives mathematically.

With the gradation of time, the world has witnessed major advancements in the field of Information Technology (IT), resulting in massive data generation. The increased use of social media and new inventions has resulted in the growth of a huge amount of data known as Big Data. This data is being collected and processed to provide crucial information if analyzed accurately. Due to the sheer increase in the generation of big data as a consequence of automation and computerization, new ways of analyzing and converting big data into valuable information and knowledge are sorely needed. Data Mining which is a blend of various techniques like Machine Learning (ML), Statistics, Data Science, pattern recognition and database theory, etc., can be effectively used for detecting patterns in huge data sets (Big Data). However, the big data revolution is becoming a threat to the survival of technological advancements that enable organizations to accumulate a massive magnitude of data. Nonetheless, data mining has proved to play a prominent role in presenting potential solutions to complex difficulties in a number of studies. This paper has provided an overview of different data mining techniques like Association Rule Learning, Classification, Regression Analysis, and clustering, it also includes big data privacy and security issues. Furthermore, this study delves into recently introduced frameworks for a variety of real-world challenges, with a particular accentuation on DDoS attacks and Suicide Bomb Attack Identification as well as presents a possibility for scientists to contemplate.

The industrial revolution has been the main cause ever since tremendous technological advancement was observed. The ubiquitous deployment of recent information and communication technologies (ICT), namely Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain technology, is hastening the world’s industrial and technological transformation. This technical aggrandizement enhances the working culture and has a favorable impact on the workplace, as per the progressivist perspective. The breakneck pace of technological advancement, as well as AI, has enabled humans to replace manual labor in various industries. As being a domain of science and technology, AI develops machines and programs for computers that are intelligent and can accomplish tasks that would normally require human intelligence abilities. This paper mainly explores the frontiers of artificial intelligence and its applications in various fields. The AI Frontiers promulgate methodical concepts that are peer-reviewed cutting-edge research on the disruptive technological revolution of Artificial Intelligence. Additionally, some key viewpoints in the field of AI have been listed along with the main frontiers, including Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Fuzzy Logic (FL), Natural Language Processor (NLP), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Furthermore, this paper discussed some common AI applications and a briefing about the current scenario in the worldwide market for artificial intelligence.

The necessity for ameliorating management and secure process is imperiously required in this tech-driven world with the digitized working environment. The increased usage of the internet and the burgeoning connectivity through IoT have provided a significant opportunity for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) to preponderate. These are advanced computerized devices that function together to perform specific tasks, respond to human stimuli, and control the physical segments. While this technology is already used in automatic pilot avionics, robotics systems, medical monitoring, industrial control systems, etc. yet the advancement of these systems must comprehend incontrovertible focus on making them efficient and secure. To improve the resilience, dependability, and security of these systems, researchers can incorporate Blockchain technology which has an inbuilt blend of consensual algorithms, secure protocols, and distributed data storage, with the CPS. Moreover, with the advancement of IoT in the upgraded version of CPS, such as autonomous driving, there’s a major need to manage big data with low latency and high accuracy. Therefore, deep learning can be applied for systematic analysis of big data, which supports vivid analytic ability. While these emerging technologies set some security standards and enable users to authenticate their digital information, these technologies have the potential to significantly influence the current trend in the field of CyberPhysical Systems. This article focuses on a comprehensive analysis of Blockchain applications synthesized with CPS. Furthermore, this article briefly presented the BCPS (Blockchain-enabled CPS) framework for addressing issues in the Industry 4.0 manufacturing system while adopting Blockchain (BC) in CPS.

Nowadays, Blockchain technology has also drawn mammoth attention as it is currently triggering multiple projects. This technology is the prevalent technology that allows Bitcoin to operate. Bitcoin has already cemented itself as a popular virtual currency, and it will soon become a pressing requirement for citizens. Furthermore, with digital currencies proliferating all over the world, security must not be overlooked, especially when there have been numerous attacks and security vulnerabilities on bitcoin's blockchain. However, the lucrative system has drawn opponents and attackers who are continually attempting to exploit flaws in the technology in order to get profit. This paper contemplates the bitcoin's transaction process, with a focus on obscuring the true identities of clients and their coins prior to transacting, and then elucidating on the following: SHA-256 function, the primary threats to Bitcoin's security, along with some countermeasures to be undertaken.

The development of quantum computers seeks software developers' attention regarding security in the era of Information Technology, software security is the primary goal for our quantitative assessment of software security in the development cycle of software. Security assessment of software is identifying the key security factors of the software. A security elective provides ex-tensive strategies and calculations to ensure product safety. The security assessment is the key factor in surveying, administering, and controlling security to further enhance the nature of safety. It should be acknowledged that assessing security early on in the development process is beneficial in identifying worms, hazards, flaws, and threats. The definition and portrayal of Quantum Computing (QC) in software security will be discussed in this study. Researchers use cryptography calculations to secure our financial institutions, medical devices, military weaponry, planes, ships, vehicles, and pilots. Here authors of this study use the Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (FTOPSIS) to quantitatively assess the weight/rank of the quantum enable security alternatives like (Diffie-Hellman key-exchange algorithm, Quantum key distribution algorithm, Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, Special Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, Grover’s Algorithm and Quantum key distribution algorithm in GHZ state) with security factors like (Confidentiality, Integrity, Authenti-cation, Privacy, Reliability, Maintainability, Authorization, Integrity, Possessions, and Availability). Additionally, they critically analyze and select the six alternatives of quantum-based security algorithms. The nature of safety infers the ability to execute a thing on time in this exploration study, specifically 'software security'.

Fuzzy Rule Based Systems are playing vital role in the implementation of human decision making. The development of interpretable Fuzzy Rule Based Systems with improved accuracy is a crucial research aspect in fuzzy based systems. Mamdani type fuzzy rule based systems are used to implement the proposed model. In this manuscript a FRBS is implemented with Guaje Open-Access Java based software. The interpretability and accuracy assessments are recorded on the different experiments with various rule generation methods, like Fuzzy decision tree and Wang Mendel method. The results are found satisfactory and a trade-off is handled between interpretability and accuracy. The major concern of the experimentation is number and type of fuzzy partitions. K-means and Hierarchical Fuzzy Partitions are used in the experiments with three and five number of fuzzy partitions.

Considering the benefits of the human decision making, the efforts have been executed to implement it in machines. The chronic problem addressed in this implementation is the representation and manipulation of human knowledge which is full of uncertainties and imprecision due to its subjective nature. To deal with this problem a strong mathematical framework is investigated known as fuzzy logic. Initially the concept of fuzzy set has been developed by extending the Boolean crisp set logic. Further, type-2 fuzzy systems and interval type-2 fuzzy systems are investigated. This paper reviews the approaches and systems developed under the category of interval type-2 fuzzy systems along with the interpretability and accuracy issues in fuzzy systems.