Ti-6Al-4V alloy, also known as a +13 alloy, is commercially available titanium alloy. It has an ideal combination of strength, toughness, and hardness. Hence, it is highly suitable for various industries. Different heat treatment processes are usually applied to improve the mechanical properties of the Ti-alloys. Heat treatment alters the microstructure of the metal to a great extent. The present work deals with a discussion and comparison of as-received Ti-alloy and heat-treated Ti-alloys based on their microstructures. Optical microscope was used to observe the micrographs. All the images were captured at same magnification and scale. In case of as-received sample, we have mainly observed equiaxed type (a +13) structure whereas the heat-treated samples have shown other patterns too. The air-cooled (AC) sample contains mainly widmanstatten structure. The sand cooled (SC) sample contains mostly a-phase surrounded by dotted-type 13-phase. Oil cooled (OC) sample has more a-regions than SC sample with very less 13boundaries. Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Modeling and Simulations Techniques in Engineering and Science.

The present work deals with a critical fractographic analysis into low carbon (0.18%-C) steel samples which were used for three different mechanical tests: tensile test; shear test; and toughness test. These mechanical tests were performed in standard sized specimens as recommended by ASTM. In each category of test, there were two different specimens with different physical states according to heat treated conditions. First specimen was in ‘as received’ condition and another was annealed. For annealing, sample was first heated up to austenitic temperature and inserted inside the sand for slow rate of cooling. As these two categories of samples were undergone through destructive tests, the variation in fracture behaviour of the samples was analysed by FESEM, XRD. A significant variation in fractographic images could be observed in different heat-treated samples. Micro-pores, dimples, cleavage facet, peaks, valleys, and cave formation were observed in the samples.

The present work deals with improvement of mechanical properties and refining the microstructure of low carbon steel (0.2%-C) after applying heat treatment techniques. For the purpose, five different samples were taken under study. First sample was kept in ‘as received’ condition and other four samples were undergone into heating process in an Induction furnace. The holding temperature of all the four samples were kept common i.e., 850 °C for a fixed period of 2.5 h. Then, these four samples were cooled into four different cooling media i.e., Air, Water, Oil, and Furnace. All the samples were in the form of rods with 195 mm length and 32 mm diameter. The universal testing machine was used to determine the tensile strength of all the samples. Rockwell hardness tester was used to find the hardness of samples. The microstructural variation was analysed through an optical microscope. All the results were analysed and compared with ‘as received’ sample. The Oil cooled sample showed the highest tensile strength of 585 MPa. The microstructural orientation of oil cooled sample i.e., bainite + fine lamella of ferrite and cementite, provides a good hardness, strength, and toughness to the steel. In addition, XRD and fractography analysis of the samples were also carried out.