2-amino-6-methyl pyridinium L-tartrate (2A6MPLT) was used to grow a new organic nonlinear optical single crystal. The 2A6MPLT crystal grew in an orthorhombic space group P212121 crystal structure. The crystal morphology was investigated. The percentage of transmittance and optical band gap of the 2A6MPLT crystal were found to be 80% and 3.50 eV, respectively. The solid-state parameters of the grown crystals were examined. Surface laser damage threshold value of 2A6MPLT single crystals was measured to be 4.6 GW cm−2 at 1064 nm laser radiation. The photoconductivity study confirms the grown crystal is positive photoconductivity. The microhardness test was carried out employing 2-amino-6-methyl pyridinium L-tartrate crystal, and therefrom the hardness number (Hv), Meyer’s index (n), yield strength (σy) and elastic stiffness constant (C11) were assessed. The dielectric behaviour of the grown crystal was studied for different temperatures at different frequencies. The 2A6MPLT had a SHG efficiency that was 1.42 times that of KDP and 0.312 times that of Urea. The Z-scan technique with an He–Ne laser at 632.8 nm was used to analyse the third order optical nonlinearity characteristics of 2A6MPLT and its suitability in NLO applications.

Mn doped SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in a sol-gel technique at various concentrations. A wide range of properties are analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM with EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and photocatalytic studies. Results from EDAX confirmed the presence of Sn and Mn ions in SnO2 nanoparticles doped with Mn. As a result of analyzing the luminescence of all synthesized samples, blue emission characteristic of lighting applications was observed. Furthermore, 0.2M Mn doped SnO2 sample shows the enhanced ferromagnetism at room temperature with elevated saturation magnetization value. The 0.2M Mn doped SnO2 nanoparticles show the significant increase in photocatalytic efficiency of SnO2 among the other doped samples. Thus, all experiment results demonstrated that the concentration of dopant influences the structure, optical properties, photocatalytic properties, and magnetic properties of SnO2.

SnO2 nanoparticles @ carbon nanoparticles (SnO2@carbon NPs) were synthesized by a facile route using SnCl2 center dot 2H(2)O and filter paper as precursors for lithium ion battery. The different sized nanoparticles of SnO2@carbon NPs were prepared at different temperatures (400, 450 and 500 degrees C). From the powder Xray diffraction study the various size of prepared nanoparticles at different temperatures were found to be 16.5 nm (400 degrees C), 28.5 nm (450 degrees C), and 35.6 nm (500 degrees C). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study reveals the particle nature of synthesized SnO2@carbon NPs. The presence of individual constituents such as Sn, O and C was confirmed by EDAX analysis. TG/DTA studies give assurance of the presence of carbon nanoparticles. FT-Raman spectral study also confirmed the phase and structure of SnO2 nanoparticles. The band gaps of SnO2 @carbon NPs prepared at different temperatures (400, 450 and 500) were found to be 3.64 eV, 3.39 eV, and 3.17 eV, respectively by a UV-Vis spectral study. The capacity of SnO2@ carbon NPs prepared at 500 degrees C was found to be showing better electrochemical properties. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Titanium dioxide–Carbon (TiO2–C) nanocomposite (NC) was fabricated by a hydrothermal method. The present work is to introduce the carbon material in Li-ion batteries for optimizing it to better electrical performance and to enhance its property. Lithium-ion battery is prepared by using titanium tetrachloride and commercial filter paper as the carbon source. The battery performance is highly influenced by the weight ratio of TiO2–C in the sample. For this work, a new method is adapted to tune the weight percentage of TiO2 and carbon in the composite while elevating calcination temperatures. Optimized battery performance of TiO2 nanocomposite was analyzed by 150 cycles at various calcination temperatures viz., 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C, the charge capacities have existed at 301 mAh g−1, 352 mAh g−1, and 402 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The first discharge capacity was achieved for three prepared samples (400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C) to be 1068 mAh g−1, 1271 mAh g−1, and 1467 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The prepared electrode shows high charge and discharge capacity during long cycling.

In this present work, Tin Oxide-Carbon (SnO2-C) nanocomposite (NCs) was synthesized via annealing method using glucose and SnCl2 as precursors. As-prepared SnO2-C NCs were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) diffraction, Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-visible spectral analyses. The electrochemical galvanostatic charge/discharge test shows that SnO2-C NCs possesses excellent electrochemical performance and enhanced cycling life. It exhibits a capacity of 180 mAh/g at the current density of 100 mAh/g and maintains the same capacity up to150 cycles. The observed efficient electrochemical property should have originated from the nanostructured carbon present in SnO2-C NCs, which in turn could have conferred the ability to accommodate the volume changes and prevented changes in Sn particle size during the charge/discharge process. It provides effective channels for lithium ion transport.

The incorporation of Carbon in Tin Oxide (SnO2) nanocomposite (SnO2@C NCs) was synthesized successfully by hydrothermal method with sucrose and fin dichloride dihydrate (SnCl2 center dot 2H(2)O) as precursor materials and was sintered at different temperatures. The as prepared SnO2-Carbon nanocomposites were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectra, TGA and Electrochemical analyses. The controlled addition of Carbon in SnO2 to exhibit enhanced electrochemical property was also studied. It was demonstrated that the Carbon derived from sucrose assisted anode showed the high reversible capacity of about 581 mAhg(-1) indicating that the possibility of further increment in Li storage property. The initial discharge capacities of the samples heat treated at 400 degrees C, 450 degrees C and 500 degrees C were 1424.79, 1061.71 and 531.28 mAh g(-1), exhibiting an increasing trend in capacity with increasing the Carbon content. The columbic efficiency of SnO2@C NCs attains more than 95%. The electrodes show a long cycling ability and high charge and discharge capacity due to the presence of carbon.