This study explored the influence of moringa (Moringa oleifera; MO) foliage supplementation on in vitro ruminalgas production kinetics and substrate degradation in cattle. In vitro fermentation study was carried out with twotypes of substrates, viz. wheat straw (WS) and WS plus concentrate mixture (CM; 60:40) in cattle rumen inoculum.The MO was incorporated to both the substrates at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% levels of total dry matter. Thesubstrates were incubated up to 24 h and substrate degradation was measured. The in vitro gas production kineticswas performed with 8 different (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 100%) levels of MO with WS substrate and incubatedat 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The MO addition increased the total gas volume (ml/200 mg) up to 50% level,though, it was analogous when WS and CM based substrate was used. The truly degradable organic matter in rumen (TDOMR) was increased with MO supplementation from 10% onwards. The microbial biomass production (MBP) and partitioning factor (PF) were higher on 30% onwards MO levels. Addition of MO increased the gas production at 24 h from 30% onwards, however, cumulative gas production at 72 h was higher in control (CON). The potential gas production (b) was higher for CON than MO substrates. Fractional rate of fermentation (c) increased from 10 to 100% MO levels. The half time (t1/2) of gas production was substantially reduced with MO supplementation. The volume of gas at t1/2 was significantly lower at 30%. TDOMR was analogous amongst the treatments, however, MBP and PF were higher at 30% level relative to 10 and 20% MO levels. Hence, it may be deduced that supplementation of moringa foliage to cereal straw-based substrate considerably improved the gas production, fractional rate of fermentation, TDOMR, MBP and PF in cattle inoculum.

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

In this paper we have reported the Stokes Parameters of excited Magnesium atom using nonrelativistic (DW) and relativistic distorted wave approximation theories (RDW) at incident electron energies 15 and 45 eV. Good agreement has been found on comparison of both DW and RDW methods with each other and the importance of relativistic effect is also explored. © 2013 Elixir All rights reserved ARTIC LE INFO Article hi story: Received: 28 June 2013; Received in revised form: 24 July 2013; Accepted: 7 August 2013;

The work presented in this paper is focused on the theoretical study of electron-impact excitation (S-D) of Ba atom. The work addresses to the intermediate (10-200eV) incident electron energy region, where the distorted wave approximation theory is expected to work well.Results are reported in terms of total cross section parameter(TCS)at 35 and 65 eV.

The study of electron-impact excitation of atoms is one of the most fundamental and widely studied subjects in the field of atomic and molecular physics. In this paper we have used the non-relativistic and relativistic distorted wave approximation theory to study the excitation of 5D state of Sr atom from nS ground state. The calculation have been performed for Stokes parameters (P1, P2, P3, P4) at incident electron energies at 15 and 45 eV.

A field experiment conducted on maize during kharif of 2001 and 2002 revealed that an application of nutrients in any improved the negative balance of N, P and K by 14.43, 4.31 and 9.91 kg/ha as compared to their control, respectively. However, application of 10 t FYM/ha improved the N, P and K status of soil by 2.78, 4.31 and 8.56 kg/ha, application of 100% RDF (N(90)P(30)K(30)) by 0.36, 4.75 and 11.23 kg/ha, and seed inoculation with Azotobacter+PSB by 4.76, 2.13 and 1.69 kg/ha, respectively, over their lower levels, respectively.

This paper describes the electromagnetic design of the Drift Tube Linac (DTL). The 2D design of DTL cavities has been done, using SUPERFISH in order to tune them to the operating frequency of 352.21 MHz with maximum shunt impedance. In order to incorporate the features that break the 2D symmetry, the 3D electromagnetic field simulations have been done using CST Microwave Studio code. The tuner and vacuum port have been modeled and their effect on the resonant frequency has been studied.

A roadmap for developing accelerator driven systems (ADS) in India was prepared in 2001. The first phase of the activities under the program began with the commencement of the tenth plan in 2002. This involves the development of a 10 MeV (upgradeable to 20 MeV), 30 mA proton linear accelerator, the setting up of a lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) loop for target and coolant studies and a reactor physics program of developing necessary codes, compiling nuclear data, conceptual design studies of the sub-critical reactor and experimental activities. Actual ADS reactor design and development activities will be taken up in a later phase. Presently, India has a reactor running on HEU fuel viz., APSARA. There is a plan for refurbishing and converting its core to LEU. An advanced high-flux research reactor based on LEU is also planned. Preliminary studies have been initiated to investigate the feasibility of coupling such a pool type reactor with an accelerator based neutron source and operated as an ADS. The paper gives a brief outline of the roadmap and a description of the status of various activities under the program described above.

The folded tandem ion accelerator (FOTIA) project at BARC has been commissioned. The analysed carbon beams of 40 nA(3 + ) and 25 nA(4 + ), at terminal voltage of 2.5 MV with N 2 + CO 2 as insulating gas, were obtained. The beams were characterized by performing the Rutherford back scattering (RBS) on gold, tin and iron targets. The beam energy of 12.5 MeV for 12 C 4+ was consistent with the terminal voltage of 2.5 MV. The N 2 + CO 2 mixture is being replaced by SF 6 gas in order to achieve 6 MV on the terminal. In this paper, some of the salient features of the FOTIA and its present status are discussed.

A fibre-optic telemetry system has been developed for controlling and monitoring the various parameters of the components located in the high voltage areas of the 7 MV folded tandem ion accelerator. The system uses a multiplexing-demultiplexing method to communicate with several parameters through a single fibre-optic cable. Communication of the signals in the digital form ensures that the reliability and quality of the signals is maintained. The system has been tested for its satisfactory performance.

Design details of a 100 MeV proton linear accelerator (Alvarez system) operating at a resonating frequency of 400 MHz have been studied. Increase in the linac operating frequency has become feasible with the possibility of injecting protons from a radio frequency quadrupole accelerator with energies higher than the conventional pre-injectors. Various electrical parameters of such a system have been calculated and compared with the existing linac injectors operating at 200 MHz.

Rutherford backscattering (RBS), ion channeling and surface studies were done to investigate diffusion of ion implanted Sb in Si. Clean and polished Si was implanted by 190KeV Sb+ ions to a dose of 2.3×1015cm−2. Laser annealing was carried out by a single 10 J/cm2 laser pulse from a Nd: glass (7 ns FWHM) laser. Concentration profiles of Sb as a function of depth and dopant substitutionalities were measured by helium-ion backscattering and channeling. The laser shot resulted in melting of the central portion of the spot. A honey comb type surface morphology was found by SEM analysis. Dektak surface profiles showed a crater of 600 nm depth. One-dimensional heating calculations show that dopant diffusion depths, after consideration of simultaneous evaporation, can be ∼400 nm, whereas experiments indicate larger depths (∼1 μm). Calculated crater depth is roughly twice the experimental value. Measured depths are much larger than calculated by heat diffusion and indicate that regrowth and distribution of Sb has been modified by convection in the melt. We estimate good substitutionality up to 4 J/cm2 and discuss energy density dependence for such high-energy density laser pulses.

An accelerating tube has been designed and fabricated. Ion optical properties with different input beam geometries for 25 keV protons have been studied. An optimum voltage gradient in the first few sections required to obtain a focussed beam is determined. The tube has been installed in the 2 MV tandem accelerator built at Trombay and the performance of the tube is discussed.

A search for axions at a 500 MW light water power reactor was performed. From the measured upper limit on the n + p → d + a cross section the “standard” axion is ruled out.

Design and construction details of a horizontal 2 MV Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator built at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre are given. A terminal voltage of 2.15 MV has been achieved. Energy analysed Corona stabilized beams of protons and oxygen ions have been obtained. Experiments have been carried out to test the performance of the accelerator.