Although blockchain provides innovative means to improve reverse SC recycling, its carbon-intensive energy consumption may offset environmental benefits, making careful channel selection evaluation and coordination essential. This study focuses on the reverse SC comprising a supplier and a recycler, examining recycling channel selection and coordination strategies while considering the blockchain energy consumption costs. A game-theoretic model of “recycler recycling” and “dual-channel recycling” is developed to analyze pricing, recycling volume, and profit characteristics and to explore how energy consumption and recycling channel competition influence recycling channel decisions. Our study further proposes two contract coordination mechanisms, “two-tariff contract” and “cost-sharing contract”, and evaluates their effectiveness under different energy consumption cost coefficients and recycling channel competition. Results show that recycling channel selection is influenced by the benefits of blockchain technology, energy consumption costs, and channel competition. Within certain range of energy consumption costs, manufacturers and recyclers can achieve channel coordination, and profit transfer enables Pareto improvements. Both contract mechanisms can coordinate the reverse SC, but their feasibility is constrained by channel competition and the energy consumption costs. These findings offer theoretical guidance for firms introducing blockchain into reverse SCs to select appropriate recycling models and design effective contract coordination mechanisms.

This study aims to demonstrate how organizational green human resource management (GHRM) practices lead to green outcomes of collective affective commitment towards environmental management change (CACEMC), organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment (OCBE), and eventually the distal strategic outcome of employer branding (EB). Data was collected from managerial staff drawn from Taiwanese ISO 14001 EMS-certified firms listed in the 2019 business directory. Our analysis points out that GHRM is a key antecedent of EB, and both CACEMC and OCBE mediate this relationship. The study proposes a novel and integrated research model that can be deployed by firms to build GHRM-oriented employer branding.

In the face of climate change, the hospitality industry urgently needs to stimulate green innovative behaviors among Generation Z employees. Based on trait activation theory, this study develops a cross-level model to explore the impact mechanism of green human resource management (GHRM) on employees' green innovative behavior. Data were collected from Generation Z employees in 3-5 star 14,001 EMS certified hotels in China and South Korea. Specifically, we obtained multi-wave, multi-source data from 83 managers and 364 employees in China, and 105 managers and 401 employees in South Korea. The study finds that harmonious environmental passion (HEP) mediates the relationship between GHRM practices and innovative behavior, while green culture significantly moderates this path. This research provides strong insights into the literature on GHRM and innovation behaviors. It also provides empirical support for enterprises to motivate employees' green innovative behaviors. These findings have important implications for both theory and practice.

Given differentiated cloud-security perceptions between large enterprises (LEs) and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), enterprise resource planning (ERP) providers face a strategic paradox: whether and when to compromise on security with costs for maximized profit. Through modelling versioning strategies by on-premise, cloud or the dual version, we find that their optimal strategies depend on the quality-security balance across various cloud ERP quality periods. Contrary to the intuition that the dual version should be more attractive to end-users, we find that the cloud strategy grows from infeasibility to domination as cloud ERP quality grows. Moreover, as SMEs' proportion increases, the dual version strategy becomes less viable. Our research adds to the literature by highlighting how quality-security balance shapes cloud product versioning decisions. These findings benefit ERP providers for their optimal product schemes under the security-cost paradox.

Although prior research has identified artificial intelligence (AI) as a key driver of supply chain innovation (SCI), further investigation is required into whether and how AI influences SCI, and the contingencies that may affect such an impact. Integrating socio-technical systems theory (STST) and contingency theory (CT), we develop a conceptual model that links AI to SCI through the mediating role of supply chain ambidexterity (SCA) and incorporates the moderating effects of supply chain complexity (SCC). Drawing on survey data from 245 Chinese manufacturing firms, we first ensure measurement quality through tests of common method bias, non-response bias, reliability, and validity. We then proceed to test our research hypotheses using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression analysis. The results show that AI enhances SCI both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of the two dimensions of SCA, namely SC exploration and exploitation. Additionally, the findings indicate that SCC has a positive moderating effect on the relationships between AI and SCI and between AI and SC exploration/exploitation. Besides deepening our theoretical understanding of the drivers of SCI, and specifically of the processes of AI-driven SCI, the study offers practical insights for advancing innovation in the SC.

The enduring uncertainty in product quality within the supply chain significantly impacts the decision-making and performance of green supply chain participants. Blockchain traceability technology creates conditions for the popularity of building quality visibility systems in green supply chains. This paper aims to investigate the quality visibility system mode selection method under different information cost structures. The study identifies a principle stating that a "high expectation of quality does not require high information, while high fluctuation of quality requires high information" in the context of the interplay between two quality dimensions of green products and quality visibility decisions. Furthermore, this study observes a substantial "threshold" effect associated with the rental fee, which means that equilibrium quality visibility rises with increasing rental fees. However, the misalignment between changes in quality visibility and supplier profits, driven by parameter variations, may lead to suboptimal system mode choices by suppliers. In such cases, retailers can play a pivotal role by using unilateral payment mechanisms to incentivize suppliers to adopt choices that enhance overall supply chain visibility and profitability. This study reveals the mechanism by which quality visibility can help improve pricing decisions and enhance firm performance under the influence of information and cost structures of different system modes, and solves the challenges of mode selection and input decision-making when creating green supply chain quality visibility. By scientifically and reasonably applying the quality visibility system, green enterprises can effectively reduce quality risks and promote the stable and efficient operation of the green supply chain.

PurposeSupply chain (SC) innovation (SCI) is vital for improving SC results, but the mechanisms by which it affects SC performance (SCP) have not been empirically examined. Drawing on resources orchestration theory (ROT) and socio-technical systems theory (STST), we posit that, in SC organizational systems, orchestrating the social and the technical subsystems is crucial for understanding how SCI improves SCP. We adopt supply chain collaboration (SCC) and digital transformation (DT) as representative of the social and technical subsystems respectively and hypothesize that they act as core mediators in the relationship between SCI and SCP, and reinforce each other's effect on SCP. Design/methodology/approachWe employ structural equation modeling and regression analysis to test our hypotheses on survey data from 234 Chinese manufacturing firms. FindingsResults show that SCI has a positive impact on SCP through the mediating effects of SCC and DT. The hypothesized synergistic effects of SCC and DT in translating SCI strategic initiatives into superior SCP are also confirmed. Originality/valueWe employ a theoretical framework based on the integration of ROT and STST to shed light on how an innovation-oriented strategic intent shared across the SC affects SCP. We encourage future scholars to employ this framework to deepen our understanding of the (inter)organizational processes by which strategic orientations other than SCI affect performance outcomes. In addition, showing that SCC and DT are complementary in their effect on SCP, our study enriches extant research on the relationships between interorganizational collaboration and the adoption of information technologies in the SC.

While firms largely rely on inter-organizational information and resources to make corporate social responsibility (CSR) decisions, very few studies have delved into the heterogeneous effects of different categories of board networks. Through adopting a large language model (LLM) as an analytical tool to transform unstructured resumes into structured decision-relevant intelligence, we fulfill this research gap by constructing in-depth board networks with three distinct types: current network, past network, and non-profit organization network. Based on a dataset of Chinese listed firms from 2011 to 2020, we empirically estimate whether and how firms connected through board networks would result in CSR performance similarity. The results show that the existence and heterogeneity of board networks are positively associated with CSR performance similarity between interlocked firms. Interestingly, our findings reveal that other than current networks, past networks, and non-profit networks have a higher impact on the CSR performance similarity. Further analysis suggests that the positive association between social networks and CSR performance similarity is attenuated when connected firms face higher media coverage and higher analyst coverage. Overall, this study provides insightful evidence to leverage the effect of board networks, informing decision support for investors, regulators, and corporate strategists by revealing hidden network drivers of CSR-related decisions.

This paper explores the diffusion of artificial intelligence-driven green innovation (ADGI), focusing on the impact of Supply chain learning (SCL) and organizational unlearning (UL) from an affordance perspective. We develop an evolutionary game model on complex networks and integrate it with cross-sectional survey data from 216 Chinese manufacturing firms. Our findings are as follows: (1) Overemphasis on the technology itself, rather than the interaction between ADGI and its organizational and environmental contexts, leads to insufficient ADGI affordance and diffusion lock-in. (2) SCL promotes ADGI diffusion by enriching knowledge and relational capital. Excessive relational embeddedness and informal rules within SCL can undermine these benefits. Premature or excessive UL disrupts knowledge and context alignment and weakens ADGI diffusion. (3) We also identify SCLUL investment priority under resource constraints. "SCL first, UL later" yields superior diffusion by effective complementarity between the two mechanisms, whereas reversing the sequence impedes diffusion. Time-lag costs attenuating the gains of the former and amplifying the losses of the latter.

Technological-development-oriented supply chain innovation (TDOSCI) is crucial for supply chain (SC) results, but its empirical benefits are not well-explored. Based on the capability lifecycle, our study explains the relationships among the three dimensions of TDOSCI and their impact on supply chain performance (SCP) through developing mature capabilities, emphasizing the mediating roles of SC transparency (SCT) and SC embeddedness (SCE). A total of 452 questionnaires were distributed to manufacturing firms. Firms were contacted by phone to confirm their participation in SC technology innovation, and eligible respondents were required to have at least three years of tenure and a solid understanding of relevant practices and impacts. Following two rounds of email reminders, we received 294 responses. After excluding 42 incomplete or duplicate responses, 252 valid questionnaires were retained, yielding a response rate of 55.75%. Using structural equation modeling and interaction analysis, our study finds that innovation orientation positively influences information management, and SCT and SCE mediate information management and SCP. IT infrastructure flexibility, moderate innovation orientation and information management, information management and SCT, and information management and SCE. Our study enriches the literature on SC technology innovation and guides firms to achieve technological development through capability evolution to improve SC benefits.

In the era of smart manufacturing, the way enterprises handle tasks has been revolutionized by cloud computing, shifting from on-premises IT environments to the cloud. However, the competition among multiple enterprises for limited computational resources available at cloud service providers presents a significant challenge in fairly allocating resources to minimize response delays. To offer a reasonable allocation strategy for cloud service providers in a multi-enterprise cloud environment, this paper introduces a novel aggregative game model within a three-tier computational offloading architecture across local manufacturing devices, resource-constrained small base stations, and high-capacity cloud data centers. Due to the aggregation of enterprises' strategies, traditional evolutionary algorithms are infeasible to solve this game problem. Stemming from recurrent neural networks, a predefined-time distributed generalized Nash equilibrium seeking algorithm with event-triggered communication is proposed. From a communication perspective, the event-triggered distributed setting ensures that enterprises engage in discrete-time local communication, aligning with the practical, competitive and information-preserving nature of the enterprise interactions. From a computational perspective, the algorithm allows cloud service providers to autonomously balance computational efficiency and decision accuracy, with user-defined convergence times for decision updates. This enables the rapid determination of equilibrium strategies, providing cloud service providers with a scalable solution that was unattainable in previous methods.

This study builds stylized models to discuss the interaction between product recovery and online selling format in a closed-loop supply chain, which comprises a manufacturer, online platforms, and customers. The manufacturer collects used products from customers, before choosing the product's selling format from the reseller only format, the marketplace only format, and both the reseller and marketplace formats. For each format, the optimal decisions (recovery rate, quantity, and price) are first obtained. Notably, we find that the marketplace format induces the manufacturer to improve the recovery rate. Furthermore, our results indicate that the manufacturer's choice of selling format depends on the saved cost of manufacturing a product using the collected products and the value fraction of customer preference for the marketplace relative to the reseller format. Specifically, if the value fraction is smaller but the saved cost is larger, using both the reseller and marketplace formats is preferred. And, we find that when the manufacturer changes from the reseller only format to both the reseller and marketplace formats, the selling price of the reseller platform decreases. Besides, we make some extensions to show the robustness of our assumptions and provide further guidelines for practitioners in the appendix.

Blockchain has garnered considerable attention for its potential to revolutionize supply chain collaboration (SCC), yet its practical application has lagged. A key unresolved issue is whether and how blockchain influences SCC and subsequently affects supply chain performance (SCP). Drawing on dynamic capability theory, this study explores how blockchain enables SCC, introducing the concept of blockchain-enabled SCC, comprising two dimensions: blockchain-enabled supply chain cooperation and blockchain-enabled supply chain coordination, to investigate the direct impact of this construct on SCP and the mediating role of operational capability. Utilizing survey data from 225 respondents, our findings reveal that blockchain-enabled SCC exerts both direct and indirect effects on SCP. This mechanism elucidates how blockchain functions as an enabler that contributes to SCC and SCP, advancing novel theoretical insights and empirical evidence to existing research. The findings also offer valuable practical guidance on leveraging blockchain to improve SCC through digital transformation.

Geographically complementary seaports and dry ports confront an elevated susceptibility to a spectrum of regular and disruption risks resulting from their unique geographical location and pivotal socioeconomic roles. Port authorities (PAs) respond to these challenges through preventive investments aimed at reducing the probability of risk occurrence and adaptive investments designed to mitigate the severity of consequences. This study develops a two-stage game-theoretic model to jointly examine these investment decisions, incorporating the dynamics of intermodal competition and cooperation between geographically complementary seaports and dry ports. The analysis reveals a bidirectional free-rider phenomenon, wherein seaports may underinvest in prevention while deriving benefits from the efforts of dry ports, and conversely, dry ports may depend on the adaptation implemented by seaports without contributing proportionally. Under intermodal competition, PAs compete for overlapping hinterland markets, incentivizing them to actively resolve risk uncertainties to strengthen competitive advantage. In cooperative settings, reduced market rivalry leads to a higher tolerance for unresolved uncertainties, prompting PAs to prioritize investments in risks characterized by lower uncertainty. The findings indicate that differentiated investment strategies may compromise the overall profitability of PAs. These findings offer managerial insights for decision-makers seeking to enhance port resilience and optimize resource allocation in port-hinterland system.

Firm innovation strategy (FIS) is crucial for new product development (NPD) performance. Few studies have revealed how the FIS that recognizes the importance of supply chain (SC) resources can improve NPD performance through SC management. This study emphasizes the mediating role of supply management, including innovativeness in supply management and firm-supplier relationship. We argue that supply chain transformational leadership (SCTL) moderates the relationship between FIS and supply management. Using data from 232 Chinese manufacturing firms and applying structural equation modeling and regression analysis, we tested the hypotheses. The results show that innovativeness in supply management and firm-supplier relationship mediate the relationship between the FIS and NPD performance. SCTL positively moderates the influence of FIS on supply management. These findings contributes to NPD outcomes. This study offers theoretical and empirical insights into SC management.

Using the lens of Stewardship Theory (ST), we hypothesize whether transformational leadership (TL) moderates the relationship between project governance (PG) and project success (PS). A quantitative deductive approach was employed to examine this relationship. Quantitative data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 281 project managers, team members, and stakeholders working on public sector projects in Pakistan. Our results showed that PG and TL significantly positively influence public project success. Moreover, we found that TL moderates the relationships between PG and PS. The study contributes to the governance school and project success school of the nine schools of thought in project management research.

The increasing frequency of extreme weather (EW) events has created significant vulnerabilities in the normal operations of the prefabricated construction supply chain (PCSC). This study aims to enhance the resilience of the PCSC against EW by utilizing smart contracts. The study proposes a prototype smart contract application to mitigate the risks posed by EW to the PCSC. Additionally, it identifies 28 potential barriers affecting smart contract adoption in the PCSC using the Technology-Organization-Environment framework. Furthermore, the paper presents a multi-objective optimization-based group decision-making method to assess the feasibility of smart contract adoption in the PCSC. An online survey was then conducted among 50 stakeholders from various links of the PCSC to gather insights into smart contract adoption. The results indicate that stakeholder awareness of smart contracts and the current corporate level are the most influential factors in decision-making. This research extends the application of smart contracts to risk management within the PCSC, offering valuable insights for stakeholders to enhance resilience and address the adverse effects of EW proactively.

Supply chain (SC) innovation is crucial for organisations to gain competitive advantage, limited research has investigated the core factors that facilitate member participation in SC innovation practices. Drawing on the 'Context - Drivers - Sources of advantage - Positional advantage' framework, we posit that SC transformational leadership, as a SC organisational infrastructure, is a critical driver of SC innovation. SC collaboration as a key inter-organisational infrastructure, is a source of advantage, explaining the effect of SC transformational leadership on SC innovation. We also examine the boundary condition that maximise the effectiveness of SC transformational leadership and SC collaboration, demonstrating the driving role of entrepreneurial emphasis. Based on survey data from 288 Chinese machinery manufacturing firms, we utilised structural equation modeling and interaction analysis to validate our hypotheses. The research findings provide empirical evidence supporting our viewpoints, contributing to the existing literature and offering practical guidance for firms' SC innovation management practices.

Mobile shopping (m-shopping) adoption has been significantly touted in the contemporary era; however, the adoption of m-shopping is still under shadow in many developing countries. The aim of this study is to discover the impact of device system quality on m-shopping adoption among university students with the support of UTAUT and UTAUT2 theories. The study employed PLS-SEM (symmetric) and fsQCA (asymmetric) analysis simultaneously using survey data from 530 respondents who are primarily university students. PLS-SEM results found positive significant relation between device system quality and m-shopping adoption. The study contributes with an extention of earlier studies that combine PLS-SEM (symmetric methods) and fsQCA (asymmetric methods). The study is limited among the university students that may affect the generalizability of the study. The casual recipes in this research aid policymakers to achieve their strategic objectives in implementing positive m-shopping behavior among the university students.

Many previous studies have examined factors that contribute to organizational resilience; however, the impact of supply chain members has received scant attention. This study aims to investigate whether placing supply chain associates on boards influences organizational resilience. Drawing on the dynamic capabilities perspective, we integrate strategic and operational aspects of organizational resilience and introduce the idea of placing supply chain members on corporate boards as a strategic approach for firms to create and maintain resilience. An analysis of the responses of 498 firms from the SP1500 list in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic shows that firms with supply chain directors in their boardrooms had a higher capacity to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, as indicated by shorter recovery times and less loss severity than firms without supply chain members on their boards. Furthermore, we found that the benefit of less loss severity is strengthened under high closeness centrality and betweenness centrality, whereas the benefit of shorter recovery time is strengthened under high degree centrality and low betweenness centrality. We add to the organizational resilience literature by theorizing that having supply chain members on boards is a viable approach to creating and maintaining resilience.