BACKGROUND:Beta-cypermethrin (BC) and thiamethoxam (TH) are widely applied insecticides in cover spray programs targeting tephritid pests, yet their sublethal effects on Fopius arisanus, a major fruit fly parasitoid, remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we evaluated the impacts of BC and TH on the demographics, detoxifying enzymes, nutrients, and transcriptome of F. arisanus. RESULTS:Our results demonstrated that both insecticides exerted profound adverse impacts on the fecundity, longevity, and oviposition period of F. arisanus adults. In the F1 generation, exposure to LC30 BC and TH significantly prolonged preadult duration, impaired preadult survival, and decreased fecundity, lifespan, APOP, R0, λ, and r. Nutritional analyses revealed a time-dependent depletion across all treatments, with all nutrients significantly diminished at 5 days post-exposure compared with the control. Concurrently, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 O-deethylation activities were markedly elevated under LC30 treatment relative to the control throughout 1-3 days post-exposure. Carboxylesterase (CarE) activity was significantly increased following LC30 BC exposure across all observation periods. In addition, lipid and carbohydrate levels were negatively correlated with CarE and GST activities at specific time points, indicating that the maintenance of detoxification occurred at the expense of nutrients. Regarding the transcriptome, 562 and 190 DEGs were identified in the BC versus control and TH versus control comparisons, respectively, with KEGG enrichment highlighting shared pathways in xenobiotic metabolism, including P450 and other enzymes. CONCLUSION:These results demonstrate that sublethal BC and TH compromises the fitness and ecological function of F. arisanus, underscoring the need for environmentally compatible pest management strategies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a polyphagous pest native to Asia that can cause serious economic damage. In this study, the effects of low-temperature storage on growth and development of Trichopria drosophilae were studied by using the methods of cold storage pupae to evaluate the cold storage tolerance and quality assessment of T. drosophilae, providing a theoretical basis for solving the mass production, storage and concentrated release of T. drosophilae. The results showed that the emergence rate of the 4th instar larvae decreased with extension of storage time from 10 to 20 d at 8 °C, 10 °C and 12 °C. The emergence rate remained as high as 79.24% after storage for 15 d at 16 °C. At 14 °C and 16 °C, the emergence rate of the 1-day-old pupae was not significantly different from that of control (77.27%). The above results indicated that the 4th instar and 1-day-old pupae of T. drosophilae were more suitable for long-term storage at 14 °C and 16 °C. Under the above experimental conditions, T. drosophila quality after cold storage for 10, 15 and 20 d was continuously investigated. The results showed that parasitism rates of different stages after treatment were significantly affected by storage temperature and time. Long-term cold storage could reduce the emergence rate and sex ratio of F1 generation. The emergence time of the 1-day-old pupae was gradually shortened with extension of storage time at 16 °C. The starvation-resistant lifespan of T. drosophilae after cold storage was significantly longer than that of control. This study results will further clarify the effects of cold temperature storage on growth and development of T. drosophilae.

Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a highly polyphagous fruit fly pest of economic importance in regions of the world where it occurs. This pest is now established in most parts of Fujian Province, an important fruit-production region in China. However, basic life history information of B. dorsalis on different fruits in this region, which is crucial for developing more effective control approaches, is poorly known. The demographic parameters of B. dorsalis on four fruit types: navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb. var. brasliliensis Tanaka; Rutaceae), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.; Oxalidaceae), loquat [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.; Rosaceae], and persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.; Ebenaceae) were determined. Results showed that all tested fruit types were suitable for population persistence of B. dorsalis, but the suitability varied. The developmental rate, intrinsic rate of increase (R m), net reproductive rate (R 0), and finite rate of increase (lambda) were significantly greater on persimmon compared with the other fruits. Under experimental conditions, fastest development, highest fecundity, highest survival, and heaviest pupal weight were observed on persimmon fruit, demonstrating that persimmon is a suitable host fruit for the growth and reproduction of B. dorsalis. The findings of this study will be valuable in the development of targeted control methods for managing B. dorsalis in orchards, with a particular focus on mixed orchards. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) es una plaga de mosca de la fruta altamente pol & iacute;faga y de importancia econ & oacute;mica en las regiones del mundo donde se encuentra. Esta plaga ahora est & aacute; establecida en la mayor parte de la provincia de Fujian, una importante regi & oacute;n productora de frutas en China. Sin embargo, se conoce poca informaci & oacute;n b & aacute;sica sobre el ciclo de vida de B. dorsalis en diferentes frutos en esta regi & oacute;n, lo que es crucial para desarrollar enfoques de control m & aacute;s efectivos. Se determinaron los par & aacute;metros demogr & aacute;ficos de B. dorsalis en cuatro tipos de frutas: naranja navel (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. brasliliensis Tanaka; Rutaceae), carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.; Oxalidaceae), n & iacute;spero [Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.; Rosaceae] y caqui (Diospyros kaki Thunb.; Ebenaceae). Los resultados mostraron que todos los tipos de frutos probados eran adecuados para la persistencia de la poblaci & oacute;n de B. dorsalis, pero la idoneidad vari & oacute;. La tasa de desarrollo, la tasa intr & iacute;nseca de aumento (R m), la tasa reproductiva neta (R 0) y la tasa finita de aumento (lambda) fueron significativamente mayores en el caqui en comparaci & oacute;n con las otras frutas. En las condiciones experimentales evaluadas, se observ & oacute; un desarrollo m & aacute;s r & aacute;pido, mayor fecundidad, mayor supervivencia y mayor peso de pupa en el fruto del caqui, lo que demuestra que el caqui es un fruto hu & eacute;sped adecuado para el crecimiento y reproducci & oacute;n de B. dorsalis. Los hallazgos de este estudio ser & aacute;n valiosos en el desarrollo de m & eacute;todos de control espec & iacute;ficos para el manejo de B. dorsalis en huertos, con especial atenci & oacute;n en huertos mixtos.

Zeugodacus tau is an important worldwide quarantine pest. The female adults insert their oviposition tube into the fruit epidermis to lay eggs, and the larvae feed inside the fruit. Therefore, the hazard of Z. tau primarily rely on adult egg laying and larval feeding. Zeugodacus tau is widely distributed in China and has caused serious economic losses to the industry of fruit and vegetable. Due to the need for a systematic compilation of basic biological knowledge and the increasing economic importance of fruits and vegetables, this paper systematically summarized the distribution and damage, morphological characteristics, biological characteristics and control strategies of Z. tau. Basic biological knowledge, such as geographical distribution, host species, the characteristics of its damage, spread, and transmission, characteristics of each insect stage, occurrence generations, growth and development, population dynamics, and living habits, will deepen our understanding of Z. tau. Preventive measures, such as risk analysis, prediction of suitable areas and quarantine monitoring, can guide pest prevention for crop production in safe areas. Management measures, such as agricultural control represented by fruit bagging and clean fields, physical and chemical attractants designed and developed by the characteristics of colour, phototaxis and chemotaxis, chemical control based on new green pesticides, biological control supported by predatory and parasitic natural enemies, can fully guide the integrated prevention and control of Z. tau. Depending on the size of the planting management area, both broad-area joint prevention and control as well as localized comprehensive management can be flexibly selected. While ensuring economic benefits, it also takes into account the cost input, and is committed to achieving an economically efficient and long-term green control of Z. tau.

Background: Fopius arisanus (Sonan) is an important egg-pupal endoparasitic wasp of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). As traditional method of sorting nonparasitic B. dorsalis from parasitic wasps is labor-intensive, requires specific equipment and poses the risk of spreading fertile hosts, the development of a more convenient, economical and safe sorting procedure is important. Results: The optimal cyromazine emergence inhibition procedure (CEIP) involved facilitating the pupation of B. dorsalis mature larvae (Bdml) in 3 mg kg(-1) cyromazine sand substrate (CSS) for 48 h. When the Bdml that had been exposed to F. arisanus during the egg stage were treated with 3-7 mg kg(-1) CSS for 48 h, no negative effects on the emergence parameters of parasitoids were observed. Treatment with 3-4 mg kg(-1) CSS had insignificant effects on the biological and behavioral parameters of F. arisanus. However, treatment with 5-6 mg kg(-1) CSS adversely affected the fecundity and antennating activity of the wasps; specifically, 6 mg kg(-1) CSS negatively affected the lifespan and flight ability of wasps. Fortunately, no transgenerational effects on these parameters were observed in the progeny. Regarding the nutrient reserves of both sexes of F. arisanus, significant dose-dependent effects were observed. Moreover, 5-6 mg kg(-1) CSS significantly reduced the protein and carbohydrate content in F. arisanus; in particular, 6 mg kg(-1) CSS notably reduced the lipid content. Conclusion: CEIP provides a more flexible, economical and safe mass-release program for F. arisanus. In addition, it has profound implications for the biological control of other dipteran pests. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

The invasive pest, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake), has become a significant threat to China’s citrus industry. Predicting the area of potentially suitable habitats for B. tsuneonis is essential for optimizing pest control strategies that mitigate its impact on the citrus industry. Here, existing distribution data for B. tsuneonis, as well as current climate data and projections for four future periods (2021–2040, 2041–2060, 2061–2080, and 2081–2100) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were obtained. The distribution of B. tsuneonis under current and different climate change scenarios in China was predicted using the optimized MaxEnt model, ArcGIS, and the ENMeval data package. Model accuracy was assessed using ROC curves, and the primary environmental factors influencing the distribution of the pest were identified based on the percent contribution. When the regularization multiplier (RM) was set to 1.5 and the feature combination (FC) was set to LQH, a model with lower complexity was obtained. Under these parameter settings, the mean training AUC was 0.9916, and the mean testing AUC was 0.9854, indicating high predictive performance. The most influential environmental variables limiting the distribution of B. tsuneonis were the Precipitation of Warmest Quarter (Bio18) and Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation ×100) (Bio4). Under current climatic conditions, potentially suitable habitat for B. tsuneonis in China covered an area of 215.9 × 104 km2, accounting for 22.49% of the country’s land area. Potentially suitable habitat was primarily concentrated in Central China, South China, and East China. However, under future climatic projections, the area of suitable habitat for B. tsuneonis exhibited varying degrees of expansion. Furthermore, the centroid of the total suitable habitat for this pest gradually shifted westward and northward. These findings suggest that B. tsuneonis will spread to northern and western regions of China under future climate changes. The results of our study indicate that climate change will have a major effect on the invasion of B. tsuneonis and have implications for the development of strategies to control the spread of B. tsuneonis in China.

Zeugodacus tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important agricultural pest currently managed primarily through the application of insecticides due to limited control strategies. Bait station devices are target specific and have emerged as a behaviorally based alternative to traditional insecticide sprays for managing Z. tau. In this study, we designed a bait station by integrating female-biased olfactory, visual, and gustatory elements, and a killing agent in a wax-matrix. Our results showed that the wax-matrix integrated with spinetoram showed the highest toxicity to immature and mature Z. tau females. Furthermore, the color and shape of the spinetoram bait station significantly influenced its attractiveness and toxicity to female Z. tau. Green sausage-shaped exteriors were the most effective color and shape examined. Subsequent experiments showed a length-dependent effect on mortality and visiting frequencies of Z. tau females when the bait stations were 9-13 cm long. The addition of the olfactory stimulus of 5% ammonium acetate to the bait station attracted a higher number of mature Z. tau females than the control. The killing efficacy of the weathered bait station was similar to that of the fresh station within an 8-week period (over 794 mm of rainfall). The bait station developed herein would provide new insight into the attract-and-kill strategy for Z. tau and alleviate the pressure of the actual management program for this pest.

BACKGROUND:Olfaction plays an important role in host-seeking by parasitoids, as they can sense chemical signals using sensitive chemosensory systems. Psyttalia incisi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the dominant parasitoid of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in fruit-producing regions of southern China. The olfactory behavior of P. incisi has been extensively studied; however, the chemosensory mechanisms of this species are not fully understood. RESULTS:Bioinformatics analysis of 64,515 unigenes from the antennal transcriptome of both male and female adults P. incisi identified 87 candidate chemosensory genes. These included 13 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), seven gustatory receptors (GRs), 55 odorant receptors (ORs), 10 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Phylogenetic trees were constructed to predict evolutionary relationships between these chemosensory genes in hymenopterans. Moreover, the tissue expression profiles of 13 OBPs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR, revealing high expression of seven OBPs (1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 12, and 13) in the antennae. CONCLUSION:This study represents the first identification of chemosensory genes and the determination of their expression patterns in different tissues of P. incisi. These results contribute to a better understanding of the function of the chemosensory system of this parasitoid species.

BACKGROUNDThe implementation of sterile insect technique (SIT) has proven effective in the area-wide suppression of several significant agricultural and sanitary pests by using traditional cobalt-60 (60Co-gamma) as a radiation source. Recently, X-ray has been validated as a feasible alternative to 60Co-gamma radiation sources. Nonetheless, higher doses of X-ray irradiation led to insect sterility but diminish mating competitiveness, thereby impacting the effectiveness of SIT applications.RESULTSIn this study, we assessed the impact of various X-ray irradiation doses (ranging from 0 to 366 Gy) on the fecundity, fertility, and mating competitiveness of Cydia pomonella, a globally invasive fruit pest. Results demonstrated that the sterility rate of irradiated males increased with dose up to 200 Gy, then stabilized. Exposure to 200 Gy reduced male mating competitiveness, with competitiveness index (CI) values of 0.17 in the laboratory and 0.096 in the orchard. This decline is likely linked to the decreased expression of genes associated with sex pheromones recognition, such as CpomOR3a, CpomOR3b, and CpomOR5, post-irradiation. Fumigation of linalool at varying concentrations (70, 83, and 96 mu L/m3) enhanced mating competitiveness of males, particularly at moderate levels, possibly by restoring pheromones recognition. Implementation of repeated releases of sterilized males on a pilot scale led to a notable reduction in the population of C. pomonella in the field.CONCLUSIONThese findings indicate that fumigation with plant volatiles has the potential to mitigate male sterility induced by X-ray irradiation, offering a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of SIT applications for the control of C. pomonella. (c) 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

As a vital pest control strategy, trapping plays an important role in the system of monitoring, catching and killing fruit flies. Cuelure (4-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone, CL) is a male lure that attracts Zeugodacus tau and also stimulates feeding in this species. In this study, the attraction of Z. tau to CL and its subsequent feeding behavior were investigated. Under the significant influence of age and time of day, the attraction of CL to Z. tau was found to be optimal when flies were 14 days old, and the number of flies trapped increased with trapping duration. It was determined that consumption can improve the mating success and female adult fertility of Z. tau. After the observation period, the mating success rate of flies that ingested CL was significantly higher than that of the control group and was maintained at a higher level. It was found that parental consumption of CL could accelerate the development of eggs and larvae, resulting in increased pupation and emergence rates. The results of this study will further clarify the dynamic relationship between pest and lure, and provide a research basis for navigating the integrated management of Z. tau in the field.

Zeugodacus tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a pest seriously harmful to Solanaceae crops and was found to oviposit on the pepino melon Solanum muricatum (Aiton). To date, the differences in the ability of the fruits of S. muricatum and other Solanaceae crops to attract gravid Z. tau females have seldom been reported. Oviposition and trapping bioassays were performed to clarify whether such differences existed. A combination of GC-MS and the Y-tube olfactometer system was used to identify and determine the compounds inducing behavioral responses in gravid Z. tau females to the volatile odors of S. muricatum. The results show that S. muricatum odors play a role in attracting gravid Z. tau females. The odors of Solanaceae crops influence their ability to attract these organisms. The nine compounds from the volatiles of S. muricatum induce tendency or repellency responses in gravid Z. tau females. Hexyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl actate, and isoamyl acetate caused tendency behavior in gravid Z. tau females, while hexyl hexanoate, butyl isovalerate, butyl valerate, and isoamyl hexanoate caused repellency behavior. Heptyl acetate caused repellency behavior in gravid Z. tau females at higher concentrations (5 mg/mL) but caused tendency behavior at a low concentration (0.5 mg/mL). These results suggest that vigilance against the harm caused by Z. tau is required during the cultivation of S. muricatum. The nine compounds of the volatile odors of S. muricatum could help to develop attractants and repellents for gravid Z. tau females. These results are beneficial for preventing Z. tau females from harming S. muricatum, developing attractants and repellents for Z. tau females, and establishing a system of ecological control for Z. tau females.

Spinetoram wax-based bait station (SWBB) is a maintenance-free, long-lasting, and eco-friendly management measure for Bactrocera dorsalis. However, the impacts of low-concentration spinetoram on B. dorsalis have not yet been determined. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the impacts of low-concentration SWBBs on the biology, demographics, detoxifying enzymes, and gut microorganisms of B. dorsalis. Our results showed that low-concentration SWBBs posed dose-dependent effects on the lifespan and fecundity of B. dorsalis adults. Both the LC10 and LC30 treatments significantly reduced the fecundity, while only the latter led to significant deleterious effects on the longevity of adults. Transgenerational bioassays revealed that exposure to LC30 significantly affected the development period of larvae and pupae as well as the livability of pre-adult stage of the progeny. However, except for the ovipositional period, no significant effects on the biological traits of F1 adults were observed. In terms of the F1 demographic parameters, dose-dependent effects were observed. Moreover, both the LC10 and LC30 treatments significantly extended the mean generation time, while the latter remarkably decreased the finite and intrinsic rates. Additionally, the significant induction of CarE activity by the LC10 and LC30 treatment was maintained until 24 and 48 h respectively. The CYP450 O-deethylation activity in the LC30 treatment was significantly enhanced at 24 and 48 h intervals when compared to the control. Regarding the intestinal bacterial community, after B. dorsalis adults were exposed to low-concentration SWBBs, the relative abundances of Providencia and Vagococcus were significantly increased, whereas those of Lactococcus and Brachyspira experienced a significant decrease. The obtained results are expected to serve as a foundation for the application of spinetoram in "lure-and-kill" strategies against B. dorsalis.

Blueberry drop and waste fruit were used to produce blueberry pulp and juice whose attractiveness to Drosophila were compared with sugar vinegar wine solution（SVW） and banana flesh in different blueberry orchards. Results showed that the attraction of blue-berry fruit to Drosophila was significantly higher than that of SVW. In the long-term trapping experiment, the blueberry pulp added with chlorpyrifos had better attraction and greater application potential. Moreover, addition of chlorpyrifos did not affect the attraction of blue-berry juice and SVW to Drosophila, but it could significantly improve the attractiveness of blueberry pulp with the lapse of time. The unitprice budget of Drosophila attractant made of blueberry drop and waste fruit used in per mu of orchard was carried out. Results showed that application of this attractant only cost about 15 yuan per mu of orchard to control Drosophila. Thus, the attractants made of drop and waste blueberry fruits have great application prospects in pest monitoring and control. The results of this experiment can provide technical reference for the regional green control of orchard pests in the future.

为探究橘小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南亚实蝇卵共生菌群落结构、多样性及其在不同种群间的差异,利用Illumina NovaSeq 6000 测序技术分析 3 种实蝇不同种群卵共生菌的 16S rDNA V3-V4 高变区序列.结果表明,7 个种群的实蝇卵共生菌序列共注释 3 495 个操作分类单元(OTUs),注释到界、门、纲、目、科和属水平的比例分别为 96.08%、76.37%、74.48%、70.99%、61.09%和 41.46%.放线菌门细菌主要在南亚实蝇卵中聚集,拟杆菌门细菌主要在橘小实蝇卵中聚集,而厚壁菌门和变形菌门细菌在 3 种实蝇卵中均有聚集.从 3 种实蝇实验室种群和橘小实蝇福州种群 6～10 代卵共生菌中筛选到相对丰度存在差异的细菌属为沙雷氏菌属、普罗威登斯菌属、漫游球菌属、Cosenzaea、米勒氏菌属、乳球菌属和肠球菌属,其中,沙雷氏菌属、普罗威登斯菌属、肠球菌属和乳球菌属为 3 种实蝇卵共生菌的优势属.此外,橘小实蝇安顺种群与橘小实蝇福州种群第 10 代、南亚实蝇安顺种群、南亚实蝇实验室种群的卵共生菌Simpson指数和Shannon指数差异显著.本研究可为 3 种实蝇引诱活性菌筛选及其功能研究提供参考.

The pupal parasitoid, Trichopria drosophilae Perkins (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), is an ectoparasitoid of the genus Drosophila with great potential for application in biological control based on its excellent control efficiency for Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), and it has has even been commercialized by biofactories. Due to its characteristics of short life cycle, large number of offspring, easy rearing, rapid reproduction, and low cost, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is currently being utilized as a host to mass produce T. drosophilae. To simplify the mass rearing process and omit the separation of hosts and parasitoids, ultraviolet-B (UVB) was used as an irradiation source to irradiate D. melanogaster pupae, and the effects on T. drosophilae were studied. The results showed that UVB radiation significantly reduces host emergence and affects the duration of parasitoid development (female: F0 increased from 21.50 to 25.80, F1 from 23.10 to 26.10; male: F0 decreased from 17.00 to 14.10, F1 from 17.20 to 14.70), which has great significance for the separation of hosts and parasitoids as well as of females and males. Of the various studied conditions, UVB irradiation was ideal when the host was supplied with parasitoids for 6 h. The selection test results showed that the female-to-male ratio of emerging parasitoids in this treatment was highest at 3.47. The no-selection test resulted in the highest rates of parasitization and parasitoid emergence rate, maximized inhibition of host development, and allowed the omission of the separation step. Finally, the results of the semi-field test showed that the parasitoids bred in this treatment could search for their hosts normally and could therefore be directly applied in the biological control of Drosophila pests in the field.

Climatic warming is promoting change of a very diverse nature in the biological events of an array of insect species, including alterations in phenology. Based on collected historical data, the potential impacts of climate warming on the phenology of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera Tephritidae) in Fujian and Guangxi, China were investigated by analysing the four phenological parameters including the date of first occurrence, end occurrence, population initial growth and population peak. Results showed that, during a period of last three decades (1990-2020), the annual and seasonal mean temperatures of Guangxi and Fujian have shown increasing trends at different levels. During these studied periods, the end occurrence date and population peak of B. dorsalis in Fujian significantly advanced, and first occurrence of B. dorsalis in Guangxi also significantly moved earlier. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the mean temperature in winter and spring were the key temperature variables affecting the occurrence and population growth of B. dorsalis in Fujian and Guangxi, respectively. This research provides valuable implications for understanding the effects of climate warming on insect pests and theoretical guidance for prediction and control of fruit fly pests in the future.

It is well accepted that the phenology of insects whose life activities are closely related to temperature is changing in response to global climate warming. To investigate the impacts of climate warming on the phenology of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) across large temporal and spatial scales, this study collected historical data on the occurrence and population dynamic of this pest in China, and systematically explored its phenological responses. The results showed a delayed trend for the dates of first occurrence, end occurrence, population initial growth, and population peak of B. dorsalis in China during 40 years, and the changes of the latter two phenological parameters were significant. The mean temperature in spring and summer were the key climatic factors affecting the occurrence and population growth of B. dorsalis in China, respectively. Moreover, the B. dorsalis data in eastern, southern, central, and southwestern China showed spatial heterogeneity of phenological responses to climate warming at a regional scale. B. dorsalis phenology and their changing patterns with climate warming varied by geographical location. This study provides valuable information for future monitoring, prediction, and prevention of the oriental fruit fly in the context of climate warming.

对收集到的历年文献记载的瓜实蝇(Zeugodacus cucurbitae)历年发生数据与同期温度数据,通过线性回归分析其成虫始见期和种群高峰期的年际变化情况与温度升高的关系,以明确瓜实蝇对气候变暖的物候响应.结果表明,1990—2020年,全国及几个瓜实蝇危害地区年均温皆显著上升.在最近的20年间,瓜实蝇成虫在我国田间始见期和种群高峰期均显著推迟.除华东地区之外,华南、华中及西南地区的瓜实蝇始见期和种群高峰期均有一定程度的延迟.不同地区瓜实蝇对气候变暖的物候响应模式不同.在我国,瓜实蝇始见期随年均温提升呈现显著延迟趋势,而种群高峰期呈现提前趋势.笔者的研究旨在探索昆虫对全球气候变暖的响应及适应,对掌握未来气候变化背景下瓜实蝇的灾变规律及防控措施的优化具有重要意义.

布氏潜蝇茧蜂是橘小实蝇等多种实蝇害虫的重要寄生性天敌.为满足生物防治所需的大量虫源,常常需要对分批饲养的布氏潜蝇茧蜂蛹进行贮藏备用.因此,本文研究了贮藏温度及贮藏时间对不同蛹龄布氏潜蝇茧蜂羽化的影响,基于此,进一步研究了4个低温贮藏处理对羽化成虫生物学特性的影响.结果表明,贮藏温度、时间、蛹龄及其交互作用对布氏潜蝇茧蜂的羽化率具有显著影响,仅9日龄蛹在13℃下贮藏10 d及15 d后对其羽化率无显著影响,分别为73.10％及68.31％.此外,进一步研究表明上述两种冷藏处理对布氏潜蝇茧蜂羽化成虫的干重、飞行能力、寿命、繁殖子代数及生命表参数不产生任何负面影响.本研究对优化布氏潜蝇茧蜂的低温贮藏技术具有参考价值.

In the present study, we investigated the bottom-up effects of four economically important host fruit species (guava, mandarin orange, plum, pear) on Bactrocera dorsalis parasitoid Fopius arisanus in terms of emergence, parasitism, sex ratio, developmental duration, longevity and body size. Our results showed that F. arisanus reared on guava infested with B. dorsalis had highest emergence, parasitism, sex ratio and longevity, while these parameters were lower on B. dorsalis-infested mandarin orange. Moreover, body size of F. arisanus (wing, hind tibia and body lengths for both sexes and ovipositor length for female) varied significantly among the B. dorsalis-infested fruits, with mandarin orange providing the biggest emergent body size for both sexes and guava providing the smallest. The shortest preimaginal developmental time for both sexes was in infested plums and the longest in infested mandarin orange. Therefore, we inferred that B. dorsalis-infested guava is the most suitable host-host plant combination for F. arisanus fitness among the tested fruit-host combinations. Our findings corroborates that the ability of some tested fruit species to serve for the permanent establishment of F. arisanus in the field, which will aid in boosting the efficiency of F. arisanus as a biological control agent, especially in multi-crop orchards.