Objective To analyze the characteristics of winter-to-spring influenza epidemic in a theater from2014 to 2016,and to explore effective measures for disease prevention and control.Methods Samples from cases of influenza-like illness (ILI) in hospitals under our jurisdiction were collected and tested for pathogens.Testing results and cases of aggregated ILI were further analyzed in depth.Results CDC collected a total of 3451 ILI samples,608 of which were positive in PCR test.The positive rate was 17.62％.The positive rate for samples collected between 2014 and 2015 was 17.00％ (258 in 1518).The number of samples reached the peak in December and March,and the positive rate was the highest in December.The dominant pathogen was seasonal influenza A H3 subtype.The positive rate for samples collected between 2015 and 2016 seasons was 18.11％ (350 in 1933).The number of samples reached the peak around January and February,and the positive rate was the highest in March.The dominating pathogen was influenza B virus,followed by influenza A virus,including seasonal H3 and H1N1.Conclusion The outbreak of influenza is highly periodical.Winter and spring are the critical periods for influenza prevention and control,and the positive rate during etiological surveillance is consistent with the epidemic peak of ILI cases.Therefore,more effect surveillance of ILI cases may contribute to better measures for treatment,prevention and control of ILI.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of acute viral respiratory infectious diseases in a military unit between 2014 and 2016 in order to investigate the epidemic trends and characteristics and provide reference for prevention and control.Methods Surveillance data from October 2014 to April 2016 in a military unit was retrieved from the monitoring system for acute respiratory infectious disease pathogens and analyzed with Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0.Results 183 cases of samples were submitted from 2014 to 2016 in the military unit,and 82 cases were positive.The positive detection rate was 44.81％.The main pathogens were influenza B virus (76.83％),followed by influenza A(17.07％),human coronavirus(4.88％) and human parainfluenza virus (1.22％).The pathogen spectrum of two monitoring periods was similar to the total pathogen spectrum in that influenza B virus was the major pathogen that accounted for 78.75％ and 75.93％ respectively.The distribution of positive detection rates was similar during the two periods of surveillance.The positive rate tended to decrease between October and December,but began to increase between January and March,and achieved the peak value in March.The age of onset was mainly under 20 years old (51.22％),followed by 21 ～ 25 years (40.24％) and 26 ～ 30 years (8.54％).Soldiers were the most vulnerable to infections,accounting for 96.34％,while officers accounted for only 3.66％.Positive cases were significantly different from negative cases in fever,cough,headache,and runny nose(P＜0.05).Conclusion Influenza B virus and influenza A virus are the main pathogens associated with acute respiratory infectious diseases in this unit.The incidence is high in spring and with obvious clinical symptoms,so targeted prevention and control measures should be taken.

Objective:To understand the dynamic and epidemic regularity of the outbreak of varicella in a zone in 2011 and 2015 and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of chicken pox. Methods:The data were from 2011 to 2015 years of dis-ease prevention and control center. The data were collected by using Excel 2010, and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological meth-od. Results:(1) From 2011 to 2015 in a zone, the incidence of varicella were reported of 445 cases, accounting for 16.22%of the to-tal number of reported incidence of infectious diseases. In recent five years, the incidence of varicella has always been at the second of reported infectious disease, varicella epidemic clusters of disease has occurred 7, of 24 total cases. The number of reported cases of varicella of 2011,2012,2013,2014,2015 were on a decline ,the rates were 15.86%, 10.98%, 21.30%, 18.63%and 19.04%, the over-all change was not large. (2) 445 cases of varicella were reported from 2011-2015, male was 416, accounting for 93.48%, female 29, accounting for 6.52%. There were 389 cases of soldiers, 29 cases of active duty cadres, 25 cases of students, the other 2 cases, respectively, accounted for 87.42%,6.52%,5.62%and 0.45%.(3)445 cases of varicella incidence were reported from 2011-2015, ac-counting for 16.22%of the total number of reported incidence of infectious diseases.The peak incidence in the year was between Jan-uary to May, the number were 64 cases, 51 case, 58 cases, 49 cases, 46 cases .In November to December ,the number were 43 cases and 35 cases.The peak incidence of the disease was in January ,along with the incidence law of respiratory infectious diseases. (4) From 2011 to 2015 the most reported cases of Varicella were in the camp , accounting for 290 cases, 65.17%of the total .In other lo-cations, the number of reported incidence of 129 cases, accounting for 28.99%of the total;Field training reported incidence was of 11 case, accounting for 2.47%;visit reported incidence was of 6 cases, accounting for 1.35%;travel reported incidence was of 3 cas-es (0.45%), eating out reported incidence was of 2 cases (0.67%).Conclusion:We should carry out the continuous observation of the incidence of changes, in-depth study and analysis of the reasons for the changes ,and determine the further prevention and control measures of varicella in the risk factors for different groups.

目的 编制军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表,检验其信度与效度,为更好地了解军事应激环境下执行特殊任务官兵的心理健康状况提供较为科学的工具.方法 随机抽取经常执行特殊军事任务的官兵568人,分为A组(n=217)、B组(n=351),用自编军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表分别对2组进行测试,用A组数据对其进行探索性因素分析,用B组数据进行信度分析和验证性因素分析.结果 此量表包括3个分量表:自我认知、应对方式、压力反应,其因素负荷分别为0.39 ～ 0.85、0.40～0.76、0.45 ～0.94,方差解释率均大于40.0％;信度分析结果显示,自我认知、应对方式、压力反应内部一致性系数分别为0.79 ～0.93、为0.83 ～0.86、0.91 ～0.94,分半信度系数分别为0.75 ～0.88、0.79 ～0.84、0.82 ～0.91;验证性因素分析结果表明,3个分量表的拟合程度较高,拟合指标的x2值与自由度df的比值均介于2～3之间,近似误差均方根MSREA均＜0.08,拟合结果可以接受,说明该量表的结构效度较好.结论 自编的军事应激条件下心理健康状况量表有良好的信度和效度,可在特殊任务部队推广使用.

目的:研制一种新型膀胱血块清除装置,有利于安全便捷地清除膀胱内血块.方法:新型膀胱血块清除装置由霍夫曼式吸球、中空式尿道探子和连接胶管3个部分组成.霍夫曼式吸球材质为硅胶,中空式尿道探子采用不锈钢制作,连接胶管为乳胶管或橡胶管.使用时将霍夫曼式吸球内充满生理盐水,通过挤压吸球,利用负压吸引作用完成血块的清除操作.结果:该装置进入膀胱后,可以引流新鲜及陈旧的膀胱血块,提高了医疗操作的安全性,简化了操作步骤,提高了冲洗效率.结论:该装置结构精巧,操作安全简便,值得推广应用.

目的：探讨经腹腔途径腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管下段结石的手术疗效。方法采用经腹腔途径腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗48例嵌顿性输尿管下段结石患者，术中留置输尿管支架管及腹膜后引流管。结果48例患者均顺利完成手术，手术时间32～120 min、平均52．6 min；术中出血量10～60 mL、平均32 mL；术后引流管拔除时间2～10 d、平均3．8 d；住院时间4～13 d、平均6．2 d。出现漏尿3例，经充分引流后好转；支架管回缩4例，经输尿管镜拔除；无脏器损伤及感染等并发症。术后随访2～24个月、平均6．8个月，未出现肾萎缩及输尿管继发狭窄等。结论经腹腔途径腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管下段结石，安全可行、创伤小、恢复快。

2009年11月6日,我中心接收某驻军医院送检的21份咽拭子样本,经甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测(RT-PCR方法),其中17份样品呈阳性结果.按上级要求立即派出专业技术人员赶赴事发部队,展开疫情流行病学调查、疫区封控、病人救治等工作,在较短时间内控制并扑灭了疫情.1流行病学情况