Efficient piezocatalytic conversion of dilute CO2 into syngas offers a sustainable route for industrial flue gas valorization, yet conventional piezoelectric materials are often constrained by lattice rigidity and rapid charge recombination under weak mechanical stress. Herein, we constructed ultrathin 1D HfO2-phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) hybrid subnanobelts (SNBs) via cluster-nuclei co-assembly. The subnanometer architecture and flexible morphology induce an intense polarization response by leveraging the piezoelectric size effect, enabling HfO2-PMA SNBs to achieve remarkable CO and H2 production rates of 4.5 and 5.8 mmol g−1 h−1, respectively. In-situ FTIR spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the asymmetric Hf-O-Mo interfacial coordination induces spontaneous electron transfer from HfO2 to PMA, constructing a robust built-in electric field. Concurrently, the reversible redox properties of PMA clusters further enrich interfacial electron density and facilitate CO2 adsorption and activation through Hf-O-Mo coupling, lowering the formation energy barrier of the key *COOH intermediates. This interfacial electronic structure engineering strategy establishes a novel paradigm for mechanical-energy-driven CO2 conversion and offers a new approach for designing emerging sub-nanometer piezocatalysts.

The nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) is of great significance for both nitrate reduction and environmental pollution control. The development of efficient electrocatalysts for NORR is highly essential. In this study, we constructed one-dimensional conjugated coordination polymers (1D CCPs) coordinated by different transition metals and benzenetetramine derivates, and systematically investigated their potential as efficient electrocatalysts for NORR via density functional theory calculations. Following a six-step screening strategy, 44 effective 1D CCPs were selected as candidates, among which 12 structures with limiting potential (UL) values of 0 V were identified as exhibiting excellent thermodynamic activity towards NORR. Moreover, to further understand the origin of the catalytic activity and enable rational design, A universal activity descriptor was generated by machine learning method to describe the adsorption of NO on the 1D CCPs, which is highly dependent on the dband center of the central metal and can be effectively modulated by the electronic, conjugation and steric effect of organic ligand. Our research helps to understand the origin of NORR catalytic activity of the 1D CCPs and proposes effective strategies for designing 1D catalyst with higher performance.

As the global demand for sustainable, energy-efficient wastewater treatment accelerates, rising antibiotic contamination that fuels antimicrobial resistance and ecological instability highlights the urgent need for advanced oxidation processes with substantially lower carbon footprints. In this work, we develop a Y3+-doped CuO anchored on MXene (YCM) nanocomposite and integrate it with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode to construct a high-performance, low-energy electrochemical oxidation (EO) system tailored for emerging contaminants. Comprehensive structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, XPS) show that Y3+ doping expands the CuO lattice, enhances crystallinity, and stabilizes MXene layers, creating abundant active sites and improving interfacial charge transport. The optimized BDD + YCM platform delivers 99.4% pollutant degradation with a high kinetic rate constant (4.04 & times; 10- 2 min- 1) and achieves an ultra-low EE/O of 0.07 kWh m- 3 order- 1, representing a 46% energy reduction compared with the BDD + MXene system. Mechanistic assessments, including EPR and scavenger tests, confirm that nonradical oxidation dominates, with 1O2 as the principal reactive species and O2 center dot- as its precursor, enabling high selectivity, minimal parasitic OER, and significantly reduced energy demand. Long-term stability tests demonstrate low metal leaching and excellent reusability, reducing operational risks and supporting sustainable deployment. Crucially, the treated effluent lost approximately 80-fold of its initial antibacterial activity and maintained high viability in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell assays, confirming biosafety for environmental discharge. Overall, this platform provides a practical and scalable solution for decentralized and industrial wastewater management, addressing key challenges in environmental safety, resource efficiency, and climate-aligned water treatment.

Abstract Efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production in organic polymers requires the coordinated regulation of charge separation, O2 activation, and proton delivery, yet these processes are often optimized independently. Here, we report a postsynthetic thiol–yne editing strategy that converts a passive alkynyl bridge in a donor–acceptor covalent organic polymer into a bridge-adjacent proton-responsive catalytic module. Reaction with mercaptoacetic acid transforms the original C═C linkage into a sulfur-containing unit bearing –SCH2COOH groups, thereby reshaping the local reaction environment rather than simply increasing surface polarity. The edited bridge modulates electronic communication, enhances interfacial hydrophilicity, and introduces a reversible COOH/COO– proton-transfer microenvironment under photocatalytic conditions. Combined experimental and theoretical results show that this click-programmed module promotes photogenerated charge separation, strengthens O2 adsorption and activation, facilitates proton-coupled electron transfer, and stabilizes key *OOH intermediates, directing oxygen reduction toward the selective two-electron pathway. Consequently, the edited polymer CP-COOH achieves an H2O2 production rate of 14.959 mmol g–1 h–1 under sacrificial-agent-free conditions using only water and air, representing a 118.7-fold enhancement over the parent polymer. This work establishes backbone bond editing as an effective strategy for programming local reaction fields in organic photocatalysts.

Volatile radioactive iodine species is required to be removed promptly from nuclear off-gas streams, which imposes demands on adsorbents not only in terms of equilibrium uptake but also, and more critically, rapid capture kinetics. Due to the limited gas-solid contact time, achieving rapid adsorption equilibrium remains a significant challenge for most adsorbent materials, underscoring the importance of enhancing adsorption rates. To address this challenge, we hypothesized that macrocycle-size modulation could regulate the accessibility and exposure of the Cl−-centered ionic microenvironment, thereby facilitating faster contact and interaction with volatile iodine species. Here, we used two tetrakis-imidazolium macrocycles of different sizes, TSMB-M (∼7.1 Å) and TSMB-L (∼9.4 Å), to construct the corresponding cationic mesoporous polymers, TSMB-BCB-M and TSMB-BCB-L, via Friedel-Crafts cross-linking. We then examined how macrocycle size influences the adsorption behavior. At 348.15 K, TSMB-BCB-L exhibits K80% values, which are a key kinetic metric defined as the average uptake rate before reaching 80% saturation, of 1.57 g·g−1·h−1 for I2 and 1.19 g·g−1·h−1 for CH3I. These values correspond to increases of 60.2% and 32.2%, respectively, compared to TSMB-BCB-M. In fixed-bed tests, TSMB-BCB-L shows a dynamic I2 uptake of 0.340 g·g−1, compared with 0.276 g·g−1 for TSMB-BCB-M, which translates to a 23.2% increase; the gain for CH3I is more modest. Spectroscopic and DFT studies reveal an unexpected adsorption mechanism: mesopores provide rapid channels and macrocycle size mediated Cl−-centered ionic environment facilitate guest contact. The different pathways were discovered: I2 forms polyiodides via polarization and charge transfer, while CH3I stays largely intact. The larger macrocycle renders Cl− less confined and more exposed, facilitating guest contact and explaining the stronger size effect for I2. This work offers mechanistic insights and a design principle for adsorbents targeting volatile iodine capture.

The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising sustainable route for pro- ducing high-value C2+ chemicals and fuels by using renewable electricity. However, boosting C2+ product yields has been significantly hindered by insufficient *CO intermediate generation in con- fined spaces and limited activity of sites for subsequent hydrogenation and C-C coupling processes. Herein, we introduce an efficient strategy that involves carbene dual-function bridging of Ag-Cu sites to enable *CO pooling and facilitate *COCHO coupling. As a result, a remarkable C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 80.3% at 400 mA cm(-2) was achieved. In-situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in-situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations collectively uncover the underlying mechanism. Carbene facilitates CO spillover from Ag to Cu sites, modulates the electronic structure of Cu, stabilizes CO intermedi- ates, and reduces the energy barrier for CO hydrogenation. These effects synergistically enhance C-C coupling, thereby improving the Faradaic efficiency for C2+ product formation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ruthenium-based catalysts, valued for their oxygen vacancies and reducible oxygen species, are widely employed in the catalytic degradation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs). This paper reports a simple method for optimizing the positioning of Ru nanoparticles on Fe2O3 and CeO2 by controlling the pH, thereby synthesizing a series of Ru/FeCe nanospheres (NS). The Ru/FeCe NS-2 exhibits outstanding catalytic performance in TCE oxidation reactions (T50% = 64 degrees C, T90% = 95 degrees C). Furthermore, under an air atmosphere at 200 degrees C, the Ru/FeCe NS-2 catalyst exhibits remarkable stability, maintaining its catalytic activity for as long as 1400 min. Based on GC-MS experimental results, the primary intermediates in TCE oxidation were identified, and a plausible reaction mechanism for TCE catalysis by the Ru/FeCe NS-2 mixed oxide catalyst was proposed. Importantly, the catalyst effectively degrades low-concentration CVOCs from contaminated soil, the catalyst demonstrates satisfactory degradation performance and resistance to chlorination poisoning, indicating its significant potential for practical applications. (c) 2025 The Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China, and Chemical Industry Press Co., Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

The trade-off between permeability and selectivity is a longstanding challenge in nanofiltration membranes that critically limits their practical performance in dye/salt separation. In this work, we present the rational design and fabrication of a series of alkoxy side chain–functionalized covalent organic polymer (COP) thin-film composite membranes (Bth-PEOx) on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration supports via interfacial polymerization. The resulting membranes enable precise modulation of the nanoscale transport microenvironment—specifically, pore size distribution and surface hydrophilicity—through controlled incorporation of alkoxy side chains of varying length. The optimized Bth-PEO2 membrane achieves highly efficient dye/salt separation in Congo red (CR)/NaCl mixtures, delivering a high water permeance of 45.6 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, >99% CR rejection, minimal NaCl rejection (6.23%), and an exceptional CR/NaCl separation factor of 117. In addition, the Bth-PEOx membranes exhibit outstanding chemical robustness across extreme pH conditions, superior mechanical resistance to hydraulic compaction, and stable performance during continuous filtration processes. This side chain engineering strategy overcomes the classic permeability–selectivity trade-off by enabling simultaneous improvement of both permeability and selectivity, thereby establishing a scalable, structure–property–guided design paradigm for energy-efficient dye/salt separation and advancing the practical treatment and resource recovery from high-salinity textile wastewater.

Pervaporation desalination serves as a promising and sustainable technology to relieve global freshwater scarcity, yet traditional 2D laminar and COF-based membranes are greatly limited by the unavoidable flux-rejection trade-off, fragile structural stability and monotonous modification strategy. Inspired by natural fish gills with typical hierarchical architectures of densely arranged filaments and lamellae, as well as the inherent negatively charged epidermis composed of acidic glycoproteins, sialic acid and phospholipids, we fabricated a STaTp@rGO composite membrane via sulfonated COF intercalation and in-situ interfacial polymerization. The layered stacking nanosheets perfectly replicate the gill lamellar configuration to construct ordered confined water transport channels, while interfacial polymerization endows the membrane with gill filament-mimetic microrough hydrophilic topography. The introduced sulfonic acid groups build negative-charged interfaces to enhance ion separation capability. The optimized STaTp@rGO-40 membrane achieves a water flux of 53.44 kg & sdot;m- 2 & sdot;h- 1 and a salt rejection of 99.91% for 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This study not only provides a new technological approach to mitigating water scarcity but also paves the way for advancing membrane science.

Synergistic nanotrap polymeric adsorbents, by integrating multiple cooperative interaction modes within a single polymer network, can effectively overcome the limitations of conventional single-site sorbents in complex environments. This review examines and summarizes the latest research advances in such systems, covering both non-porous and porous polymers, and systematically correlates polymer molecular design with adsorption performance toward organic pollutants, aqueous ionic pollutants, and radioactive contaminants. We place particular emphasis on how hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, coordination, hydrophobic effects, and halogen bonding are introduced and integrated within polymer backbones to construct multisite nanotraps, thereby enhancing adsorption capacity, kinetics, selectivity, and resistance to interference. Finally, we discuss the key challenges and future opportunities associated with achieving deeper mechanistic understanding, operando characterization under realistic conditions, and the scalable processing and engineering application of synergistic nanotrap polymeric adsorbents, with the aim of advancing their practical implementation in sustainable environmental remediation.

The efficient and selective removal of pertechnetate (99TcO4-) from water remains a significant challenge due to its high solubility, low charge density, and competition from coexisting anions. Herein, we report tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based, imidazolium-functionalized nanomicrospheres for pertechnetate (99TcO4-)/perrhenate (ReO4-) capture with high efficiency. The nonplanar, propeller-like TPE core stereospecifically arranges multiple imidazolium sites in a semi-encapsulating/polyhedral fashion, generating size-complementary pockets. Hierarchically confined nano-spaces enable cooperative multi-imidazolium clamping, where hydrophobic effects, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, multipoint C-H···O hydrogen bonding, and geometric confinement act in concert to afford precise recognition and strong binding. Using ReO4- as a nonradioactive surrogate for 99TcO4-, the sorbent delivers ultrafast kinetics (11.23 g mg-1 min-1), high capacity (730 mg g-1), and 86.5% removal from Hanford low-activity waste (LAW) stream. The powder is readily formed into mechanically robust granules and shows excellent regenerability in fixed-bed tests, retaining >95% efficiency after multiple cycles. This work demonstrates that cooperative multi-imidazolium clamping within confined nano-spaces amplifies multimechanism synergy, providing a general strategy for precise recognition and strong binding of weakly coordinating anions.

Antibiotic pollution in aquatic environments has become a critical global challenge for efficient water purification, posing severe threats to ecological safety and public health worldwide. Traditional adsorption separation technologies suffer from inherent bottlenecks including easy adsorption site saturation, difficult ex-situ regeneration, and secondary pollution risk, while single photocatalytic technology is limited by poor target pollutant enrichment capacity and interfacial mass transfer efficiency, making these technologies hard to achieve deep and efficient water purification. In this study, two donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), named benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisthiazolylphenylbenzene-based conjugated microporous polymer (BTB-CMP) and benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisthiazolylphenylpyrene-based conjugated microporous polymer (BTP-CMP), were synthesized via solution polycondensation. The design strategy aims to extend the conjugated aromatic area of the monomers as much as possible, within the constraints of maintaining a synergistic balance. Among them, BTB-CMP demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving 99% removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) within 10 min under optimal pH conditions. Moreover, BTB-CMP exhibits broad-spectrum activity against a range of commonly encountered antibiotics, and remains effective across a wide range of pH values and pollutant concentrations, showing great potential for the purification of antibiotic wastewater. This work elucidates the molecular-level balance between monomer conjugation area and torsion angle in modulating the adsorption, photocatalytic activity, and hydrophilicity of CMPs. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism and plausible pathways were systematically investigated, offering both theoretical insights and experimental support for the rational design of high-efficiency functional materials for water purification applications.

The efficient conversion of CO2 into industrial fuels via piezocatalysis is a compelling solution to carbon emissions but often suffers from low activity and poor selectivity. While many piezocatalysts contain metals, the metal-free and low-cost graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a promising alternative. However, its modest piezoelectric response and intrinsically low surface activity are unfavorable for efficient CO2 activation. Here, we demonstrate that halogen doping transforms its catalytic capability by creating highly active hybridized p-states near the Fermi level. Fluorine doping introduces F 2p orbitals that hybridize with C 2p states, forming a new, higher-energy valence band maximum. This modification simultaneously creates electronically potent sites for CO2 activation and enhances the driving force for charge separation. The resulting F-C3N4 converts CO2 exclusively to CO with 100% selectivity and a high production rate of 201.7 & micro;mol g-1 h-1 under ultrasonic vibration without sacrificial agents. Mechanistic investigations reveal macroscopic piezoelectric polarization synergizes with a fluorine-induced local field to drive directional charge separation. Critically, reconstructed interfacial hydrogen-bond networks facilitate CO2 adsorption and activation, significantly lowering the energy barrier for *COOH formation. This dynamic coupling provides a new paradigm for designing high-efficiency CO2 reduction systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Materials have played a crucial role in human society and economy. Preparation methods affect the performance of materials. Sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction, as one of the latest types of click reactions, has been an effective and efficient tool to construct functional materials. This review will systematically reveal the types of SuFEx reaction and its recent advances in construction of functional materials. Firstly, the types of SuFEx reaction, such as sulfuryl fluoride, thionyl tetrafluoride, ethene sulfonyl fluoride, and sulfuryl fluoride surrogates were briefly introduced, respectively. Secondly, the construction strategy and design principles of SuFEx-based functional materials such as bulk and composite materials was also described. Thirdly, the latest advances of SuFEx-based functional materials in the field of environmental treatment, energy and data storage, biomedicine and organic synthesis and catalysis were comprehensively summarized and discussed. Lastly, the conclusion and outlook of SuFEx-based functional materials was also discussed.

Selective enrichment of cesium ions (Cs+) at ultralow concentrations is essential for resource recovery and radioactive waste disposal, yet efficient adsorbents are lacking. Herein, we reported a Prussian blue analogue (K2Cu3(Fe(CN)6)2, Cu-PBA) decorated on MXene nanosheets by in situ fabrication, forming a composite material termed PMX, for enhanced adsorption of Cs+ in acidic solutions and seawater. The stable, negatively charged MXene effectively anchors Cu2+ precursors and promotes Cs+ adsorption. The synergistic interaction between MXene and the in situ-synthesized Cu-PBA significantly enhances the adsorption performance and water stability of PMX in both acidic solutions and seawater. PMX achieves rapid adsorption equilibrium within 5 min, with a high adsorption capacity of 408.2 mg/g at pH 1, surpassing conventional adsorbents. Moreover, PMX shows excellent Cs+ selectivity (Kd = 68,361.7 mL/g), cycle stability, and notable anti-irradiation ability, demonstrating superior efficiency in Cs+ enrichment from complex matrices. The adsorption mechanism involves electrostatic attraction and K+/Cs+ ion exchange, facilitated by MXene's functional groups and the Cu-PBA structure. These findings underscore the excellent potential of PMX as an efficient adsorbent for resource enrichment and the removal of radioactive elements such as Cs+.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a promising eco-friendly approach. However, some intrinsic limitations of photocatalytic materials and constrained reaction environments hinder the improvement of catalytic performance. Conjugated polymer materials are widely studied as photocatalysts owing to their diverse building blocks and tunable electronic structures. In this study, hydrophobic benzothiadiazole (BT)-based conjugated polymers with donor-acceptor (D-A) structures, namely TEPT-BT, TEPB-BT, and TEPN-BT, are designed by changing the donor molecular center. In a pure water/air environment with TEPT-BT, H2O2 is efficiently produced at a rate of 2540.2 mu mol g-1 h-1. Density functional theory calculation results revealed that the triazine ring of 2,4,6-tris(4-ethynylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TEPT) served as an additional electron acceptor other than BT. This feature endows TEPT-BT with an optimal arrangement of redox centers, thereby enhancing exciton separation efficiency. Moreover, the triazine ring functioned as a powerful oxygen (O2) adsorption site to promote H2O2 photosynthesis under the synergistic effect of asymmetric dual ORR active sites. This study offers a promising approach for designing new hydrophobic D-A type conjugated polymer photocatalysts.

This paper reports the results of an experimental study on the fire resistance of bolted laminated bamboo beam-to-column connections exposed to an ISO 834 standard fire. Six full-scale connection specimens were fabricated. Connection types included bolted connections with slotted-in steel plates and bolted connections with T-shape steel side plates. Ratios of the applied load during fire exposure were 0.3 and 0.5 of the ultimate connection capacity. In loading tests to failure at room temperature, the steel side plate connections exhibited significantly greater rotational stiffness and ultimate bending capacity than did the slotted-in steel plate connections. Fire resistance of the steel side plate connections was 32% and 38% longer than that of slotted-in steel plate connections under load ratios of 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. Additionally, failure was pushed out of the critical connection region into the beam. The steel side plates effectively encapsulated the combustible bamboo in the connection region. The average charring rate of the four specimens was 0.87 mm/min, which is slightly lower than the nominal linear charring rate (0.90 mm/min) prescribed for engineered bamboo structures.

In this study, a hydrophilic PAN/MAA nanofiber membrane with antimicrobial properties was successfully crafted using electrospinning and "fog polymerization." The research targets dust pollution in high-humidity mine environments and the health risks posed by bacteria growing in wet masks. By modifying the MAA content in the spinning solution and DMC concentration in "fog polymerization," the membrane's structure was optimized. The resulting membrane boasts uniform fiber diameter, exceptional filtration performance, and even distribution of quaternary ammonium salt antimicrobial agent on its surface, ensuring robust antimicrobial activity. Experimental data revealed a filtration efficiency of 96.76 % with a minimal pressure drop of 124.5 Pa at 85 L/min test flow rate. Antibacterial performance significantly improved with increased MAA and DMC content, particularly against E. coli. Furthermore, the membrane's hydrophilic nature, with a contact angle of 9.7 degrees, effectively absorbs respiratory water vapor, enhancing comfort. Mechanical properties varied with MAA addition. In conclusion, this antimicrobial nanofiber membrane holds promise for applications in PMcontaminated and bacteria-prone environments, especially mines.

Artificial photosynthesis of H 2 O 2 is conceived to be an ideal approach for replacing the industrial anthraquinone method that suffers from hefty energy penalties and environmental toxicity. However, the low concentration of H 2 O 2 resides as the biggest hurdle for industrial production. Herein, with a focus on fabricating high-performance heterogeneous photocatalysts and establishing a highly efficient complex photocatalytic system, we report the preparation of D-π-A-type conjugated porous polymers containing a photosensitizer and redox-active anthraquinone moiety for endowing highly efficient H 2 O 2 production up to 3.0 mmol g −1  h −1 . Further, by exploiting the autocatalytic photooxidation feature of benzyl alcohol, •OOH as the key species contributing to H 2 O 2 formation received a substantial accumulation, which stems from the collaboration of the photocatalytic and autocatalytic cycle. Mechanistically, the hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking between the photocatalyst and benzyl alcohol are formed to lower the free energy of the transition states, thus leading to unprecedentedly high efficiency in the photosynthesis of H 2 O 2 up to 140.4 mmol g −1  h −1 , with the concentration of 35.1 mmol L −1 and an apparent quantum yield of 49%. This work provides critical insights in advancing sustainable energy conversion research.