Photocatalysts based on covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) showcased excellent prospect in treating wastewater contaminated with organic compounds. However, effectively combining adsorption and degradation processes presents a significant hurdle for enhancing photocatalytic efficiency. This work focuses on the elegant design of an advanced photocatalyst based on sulfonated A-D-A-type CTFs, with enhanced photosynthesis of H2O2, and photodegradation efficiency of 99 % degradation of 10 ppm BPA in just 15 min and 25 ppm RhB in only 5 min. This enhancement can be ascribed to heightened photocurrent mobility, significant reduction in electrochemical impedance, narrowed band gap, and enhanced dispersibility compared to the non-sulfonated counterpart of the CTF-based photocatalyst. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the photodegradation of BPA and RhB are dominated by & sdot;O2- and 1O2, respectively. This finding will provide a useful guide to the design of high-performance photocatalyst for wastewater remediation.

Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a promising approach for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production to alternative conventional anthraquinone process. However, the slow O-2 diffusion and low-efficiency water oxidation reaction (WOR, limitation of protons) pathways have restricted the H2O2 production efficiency of organic photocatalysts. Therefore, a promising strategy to develop photocatalysts with three-dimensional (3D) architectures possessing high O-2 diffusion, high-efficiency WOR pathway, and quick H2O2 desorption is desirable. Herein, a hydrophobic two-dimensional porous organic polymer (2D-POP) based on tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was synthesized as the building block. 3D-POPs (TPE-2 and TPE-3) were subsequently developed through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction to regulate the O-2 adsorption and optical properties. The 3D architectures allow O-2 to diffuse into the interlayers, leading to efficient extraction of O-2 from air, thus an excellent H2O2 production rate of 2.57 mmol g(-1) h(-1)has been achieved by TPE-2 in air and without sacrificial agents, which only decreases by 4% compared to that in O-2 due to a suitable specific surface area, good photoelectric properties, and excellent mass transfer of O-2, H+, and H2O2. Furthermore, the H2O2 production rate of TPE-2 reaches 2.67 mmol g(-1) h(-1) in a triphasic system in air, which is higher than that in a traditional diphasic system, and the concentration of H2O2 reaches 1.80 mmol L-1 h(-1). Additionally, by adding external Fe2+ or Fe3+ to make the utmost of photogenerated H2O2 and trigger the in-situ Fenton reaction for the formation of OH, TPE-2 exhibits extraordinary photodegradation efficiency toward representative organic pollutants, reaching > 99% removal within 60 min for bisphenol A and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with high concentrations (200 ppm).

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) featuring uniform topological structure and devisable functionality have emerged as promising membrane materials. The design and precise manipulation of COF membranes with advanced spatial structure to achieve efficient liquid molecular separations are of great necessity. Herein, zwitterionic COF membranes have been in-situ fabricated on porous polymeric substrates using an interfacial polymerization modification strategy. The continuous defect-free COF membranes with two-dimensional inplane dominant growth can be achieved by optimizing the fabrication parameters including reaction time, monomer concentration, and catalyst concentration. Subsequent zwitterionic modification thereon not only favors the formation of hydrophilic surface but also improves the sieving capability by sheltering effect. Attributed to the synergistic contribution, the optimized zwitterionic COF membrane possesses a superior separation factor of 2839 with the water content in the permeate up to 99.7 wt%, while maintaining a comparable permeation flux of 3309 g m- 2 h- 1 during the ethanol dehydration process, outperforming most of other representative membranes. Furthermore, the excellent durability of the zwitterionic COF membrane in the ethanol dehydration process and its efficient separation performance towards other alcohol dehydration systems demonstrate its potential practical applications. The easy scalability of the fabrication and regulation method offers crucial guidance for the engineering of advanced COF membranes in efficient liquid molecular separations.

Photocatalysis has unprecedently prevailed in the removal of pollutants and the artificial photosynthesis of H2O2. However, inefficient surface reaction and exciton dissociation rate are the main hurdles in arriving at high photocatalytic performance. A versatile strategy for improving surface reactions between the photocatalyst and the reactant and the charge separation dynamics is in pressing need. Herein, post-quaternization of the conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) is proposed. This not only converts the CMP from hydrophobic to hydrophilic but also evidently improves charge separation and mobility due to the polarizing effect. Most importantly, because of the quaternization, the surface reactions can be pronouncedly strengthened due to both the improved dispersity and lowering of O2 adsorption energy. As a result, the CMPs serve both photodegradation and photosynthesis of H2O2, with iB-TDZ exhibiting pronounced enhancement in the photodegradation of 100 ppm of Congo red and 2,4-D in 40 min and 90 min, respectively, transcending the vast majority of the reported photocatalysts, while the production of H2O2 reaches 2.922 mmol g- 1 in three-hour irradiation. As a proof-ofconcept experiment, simultaneous photodegradation of 2,4-D and photocatalytic H2O2 production is realized. It was found that 2,4-D can boost photocatalytic H2O2 production from 1.92 mmol g- 1 (without 2,4-D) to 3.25 mmol g- 1 within 90 min, likely due to its role in providing protons and serving as an h+ scavenger. These findings provide a fresh platform for the design of CMP-based photocatalysts for simultaneous photocatalytic wastewater treatment and H2O2 production.

The introduction of conjugated building blocks can improve the adsorption performance of hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs). Pyrene was introduced into the HCPs using chloromethylated polystyrene as the precursor, facilitating the hyper-crosslinking through a Friedel–Crafts reaction to finally synthesize an efficient adsorbent named CaHe-2. 1-Naphthylamine and 1-naphthol could be rapidly removed by CaHe-2 within 20 min with high removal efficiencies of 93.8

The development of ionic porous organic polymer (POPs) for the efficient removal of charged organic pollutants is of paramount significance. Herein, in this work, a 2D conjugated POP based on tetraphenyl ethylene moiety was firstly synthesized, and then it was further cross-linked to prepare a building block via the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction and "knitting" method. Two functional groups with opposite charges including the cationic quaternary ammonium group and anionic sulfonate group have been subsequently introduced to synthesize 3D ionic POPs named TCN-7 and TCN-8 under mild conditions to improve the hydrophilicity and enhance the adsorption affinity (primarily electrostatic interaction). Although the surface areas have decreased after post- modification, they still exhibited improved adsorption performance toward diverse charged organic dyes and herbicides. Especially for an anionic dye congo red (CR) and a cationic dye methylene blue (MB), TCN-7 and TCN-8 showed a removal efficiency > 99.5 % within a contact time of merely 1 min, respectively. Moreover, TCN-7 displayed an adsorption capacity of 2246 and 386 mg/g for CR and an anionic herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and TCN-8 reaches 1984 and 327 mg/g for MB and a cationic herbicide paraquat, which has surpassed the as-prepared 2D POPs and most of the recently reported adsorbents. More importantly, they exhibited excellent stability after five cycles and superfast removal ability in the column adsorption experiments, demonstrating potential application in real wastewater treatment scenarios. Our work may provide a platform to develop 3D ionic POPs via a post-modification strategy in one step under mild conditions, which is promising in the efficient removal of charged organic pollutants.

Conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) are promising materials for water purification due to their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light. However, insufficient oxygen (O-2) adsorption and unselective O-2 activation pathways prevent the efficiency of photodegradation of refractory pollutants. Herein, the strategy of integrating dual photosensitizes into CPPs' framework in a donor-pi-acceptor conformation is proposed, combined with microenvironment modulation for regulating exciton dynamic and built-in electric field, to confer extraordinarily excellent selective and high concentration of singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) production (1.30 x 10(6) mu mol g(-1) h(-1)), being 103 fold of superoxide radical (O-2(-)) yield. Consequently, BDP-Por-O exhibits unprecedently high efficiency in bisphenol A (BPA) removal, with 10 and 100 ppm BPA degradation in just 2 and 20 min, respectively. Additionally, photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production also shows a satisfactory production rate. Mechanistic investigations using femto-second transient absorption spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the impressive performance is attributed to selective and efficient O-1(2) generation due to multiple effective O-2 adsorption sites and the access to long-lived excitons for O-1(2) permitted by microenvironment optimization. This work provides an outstanding avenue for selective ROS generation and would advance the development of photocatalysts for water treatment.

A multifunctional MoS2/Ni9S8/NF catalyst, designed through heterojunction engineering and elaborate nanostructuring, has been developed for self-powered simultaneous hydrogen production and sulfur recovery.

Superhydrophilic hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) have become useful adsorbents for dye disposal due to their ultrahigh surface areas, permanent pores, and excellent water dispersion. Herein, a simple synthetic method has been proposed for the construction of hydrophilic tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based HCPs via molecular knitting and subsequent one-step sulfonation, aiming to significantly improve the adsorption performance toward cationic dyes. Compared to the hydrophobic precursor with a surface area of up to 1561 m(2) g(-1) (HCTPE), the target sulfonated HCP named SHCTPE has a lower surface area but improved hydrophilicity and adsorption affinity (primarily electrostatic interaction) toward representative cationic dyes including methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB), demonstrating impressive adsorption rates with a >99% removal efficiency (eta) in only 5 s with pseudo-second-order rate constants (k(2)) of 58.7 and 83.4 g mg(-1) min(-1), respectively. The adsorption capacity also reached 1410 mg g(-1) for MB and 1096 mg g(-1) for RhB, surpassing most of the HCP-based adsorbents. More importantly, SHCTPE exhibited excellent stability after five cycles, and its corresponding adsorption-treated solution showed considerable biocompatibility in the growth of wheat seeds. Our strategy may provide an approach to develop superhydrophilic HCPs for efficient adsorption of organic dyes in aqueous solutions.

Conjugated organic polymers (COPs) originating from porphyrin and perylene bisimide exhibit promising capacity as photocatalysts benefiting from their inherent semiconducting characteristics, but most of them suffer from the hydrophobic properties, which strongly hinder their surface reactions and photocatalytic performance. To solve this problem, the quaternary ammonium groups were introduced into the porous skeleton of a COP-based photocatalyst (PDIN-Py) through Friedel-Crafts alkylation & Menschutkin reactions to yield a super-hydrophilic COP, denoted as PDIN-PyN+. Apart from the hydrophilicity, such post-modification strategy also enhances the visible light utilization, boosts the photogenerated carriers transport and endows PDIN-PyN+ with more positive zeta potential (21.9 mV), thus enhancing the electrostatic interaction with target anionic model pollutants including bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and improving the photocatalytic degradation performance. The removal efficiency (eta) of PDIN-PyN+ towards 2,4-D (150 ppm) and BPA (20 ppm) can reach >99 % within 30 min under the irradiation of visible light, and the PDIN-PyN+ also exhibits excellent reusability and withstands various environmental influencing factors, thereby it shows great potential in real-water treatment scenarios.

A hydrophilic BODIPY-based conjugated microporous polymer was synthesized for synergistic H2O2 production and photocatalytic degradation of cationic dyes.

A PFTCM molecule with strong donor–acceptor structure was synthesized for data storage and secure memory devices.

Pyrophosphoric acid (PPi) is a crucial indicator for monitoring adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis processes, and abnormal PPi levels in the human body seriously threaten human health. Thus the efficient detection of the concentration of PPi in the aqueous solution is important and urgent. This paper described the successful synthesis of a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivative, named as TPE-4B, which contained four chelate pyridinium groups exhibiting aggregation-induced emission characteristics. TPE-4B was explicitly developed for the selective and sensitive fluorescence detection of PPi in aqueous solutions, showing a fluorescence "turn-on" response, and the detection limit was 65 nM. The four chelate pyridinium moieties of TPE-4B exhibited robust electrostatic interactions and binding capacity towards PPi, leading to the formation of aggregations, which was confirmed by zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with free TPE-4B in the aqueous solution, the zeta potential of aggregations decreased from 20.7 to 4.2 mV, the average diameter increased from 155 to 403 nm, and the morphology transformed from porous nanostructures into a block-like format. Leveraging these properties, TPE-4B is a promising candidate for a "turn-on" fluorescence sensor designed to detect PPi in the aqueous solution.

Modulating the molecular structure to achieve the full reaction including oxygen reduction reaction and water oxidation reaction is a promising strategy for efficient photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but remains a challenge. Herein, a triphenylamine and naphthalimide-based conjugated porous polymers are synthesized with photo oxidation-reduction structures, then sulfonate (& horbar;SO3H) and quaternary ammonium groups are introduced via a post-modification strategy to produce two photocatalysts named NI-TPA-NI-SO3H and NI-TPA-NI-N, respectively. Introducing charged functional groups has improved the hydrophilicity and oxygen (O-2) adsorption, beyond that, the & horbar;SO3H further stabilizes the adsorbed O-2 via hydrogen bonding as well as accelerates the photogenerated carrier separation and electron/proton transport that enables full reaction photosynthesis of H2O2. Therefore, motivated by efficient charge separation, stabilized O-2 adsorption, and boosted proton-coupled electron transfer, NI-TPA-NI-SO3H exhibits the highest light-driven H2O2 production rate among the three photocatalysts, reaching 3.40 mmol g(-1) h(-1), which is 4.9-fold of NI-TPA-NI. Remarkably, in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, its rate significantly enhances to 14.5 mmol g(-1) h(-1), superior to most reported organic photocatalysts to the best of the knowledge.

Thin-film composite membranes (TFC) comprised of polyamide have emerged as a promising candidate in molecular separations due to their ultrathin selective layer and controllable structure. However, improving selectivity while retaining satisfactory permeability of TFC membranes remains a great challenge. Herein, zwitterionic polyamide membranes have been fabricated for pervaporation dehydration via in-situ interfacial polymerization modification (in-situ IPM) strategy. In-situ amination of the substrates can improve the interface compatibility between the selectivity layer and the substrate through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization, making the membranes more stable to resist the structural evolution in liquid conditions. The zwitterion modification afterwards endows the membranes with dense structure and improved hydrophilicity through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and contact angle measurements. The optimized zwitterionic polyamide membrane with well-defined structure realizes superior separation performance with a separation factor of 3870 while maintaining a high permeation flux of 4380 g m- 2 h-1 when processing 90 wt% ethanol aqueous solution at 76 degrees C, outperforming most reported TFC membranes. Moreover, the zwitterionic polyamide membrane also exhibits stable separation performance under the successive test. This work would provide a feasible scheme for the design of efficient TFC membranes for pervaporation dehydration.

The combination of β-CD and BODIPY allows the formation of high-performance photocatalysts with well-matched adsorption and photodegradation for BPA degradation.

The increasingly severe wastewater pollution from an industry that contains organic dyes and phenols urges the development of sustainable removal technology. This work reports a bifunctional nanoporous organic polymer-based photocatalyst CABP by integrating a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chain polymer and a calixarene monomer into a polymer network. The CABP photocatalyst exhibits higher photodegradation competency toward bisphenol A and methylene blue (MB) than the linear polymer FBP. Noteworthily, good recyclability and robustness of the CABP were found, highlighting the promising utility in wastewater treatment. Mechanistic investigations suggested that the discrepancy between the bisphenol A (BPA) and MB photodegradation can be attributed to the preference for generating different reactive oxygen species and the nature of the molecular interaction with the photocatalyst. This contribution demonstrates a practical approach to the design of efficient photocatalysts for wastewater purification and regeneration.

A resorcinarene-based porous organic polymer was synthesized via the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction and then functionalized by chlorosulfonic acid to obtain a sulfonated product named BaPy-SO3H. Characterization results indicate that BaPy-SO3H has porous skeletons, excellent thermal stability, and electronegative surface charges. Remarkably, BaPy-SO3H exhibits superfast rates and reaches adsorption equilibrium within 1 min towards diverse organic pollutants including dyes, herbicides, and antibiotics via electrostatic interactions, pi-pi interactions, and host-guest effects. Especially for Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Paraquat, BaPy-SO3H achieves apparent rate constants for a pseudo-second-order model of 31.24, 31.27, and 30.63 g mg-1 min- 1, respectively, which are the highest values among reported adsorbents to the best of our knowledge. Meanwhile, the maximum adsorption capacity of BaPy-SO3H reaches 1850 mg g- 1 for Rhodamine B, 2295 mg g- 1 for Methyl Blue, 1503 mg g- 1 for Crystal Violet, and 1304 mg g- 1 for trimethoprim, surpassing most of the adsorbents reported so far. The above results demonstrate the superior adsorption performance of BaPy-SO3H towards diverse organic pollutants and its potential applications in real-water scenarios.