HereditasVolume 35, Issue S1 p. 173-188 Open Access PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS IN OENOTHERA RALPH E. CLELAND, RALPH E. CLELAND INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON, IND., U. S. A.Search for more papers by this author RALPH E. CLELAND, RALPH E. CLELAND INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON, IND., U. S. A.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1949 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1949.tb03331.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume35, IssueS1December 1949Pages 173-188 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Circles in Oenothera are normally composed of even numbers of chromosomes. Two cases of trisomic hybrids with closed circles containing an odd number of chromosomes are here reported. The first of these appeared to contain β Trois Pistoles I and hMateo and had a closed circle of 5, an open chain of 8, and a pair; or chains of 9 and 4 plus a pair. The second hybrid seemed to contain α Trois Pistoles II and β Palmer Lake and had a closed circle of 5 and an open chain of 10. It was possible to analyze in considerable detail the situation in the first of these. The chromosome 5·12 or 11·6 of or Trois Pistoles I was present in this trisomic, which arose either through the simple addition of 5·12 or 11·6 to the β Trois Pistoles I complement contributed through the egg, or through double non‐disjunction. If it were a trisomic of the former type it contained only one chromosome of α Trois Pistoles I. If it arose through double non‐disjunction, the minimum it could have had would be the equivalent of two α Trois Pistoles I chromosomes, and it might theoretically have had up to the equivalent of 5 chromosomes. It showed, however, no influence of α Trois Pistoles I in its phenotype, although the two Trois Pistoles I complexes produce very different phenotypes. It is probable, therefore, that the trisomic arose as a result of simple addition of 5·14 or 11·6 of α Trois Pistoles I to the β Trois Pistoles I complex received from the mother.

Extensive records of plastid behavior in the North American euoenotheras by the writer and students support in general the conclusions of Stubbe regarding the number of plastid and genome classes and their behavior relative to each other, except that our findings do not make it necessary to distinguish between classes II and III as defined byStubbe.

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer among women worldwide that consists of a heterogeneous group of subtype diseases. The whole-slide images (WSIs) can capture the cell-level heterogeneity, and are routinely used for cancer diagnosis by pathologists. However, key driver genetic mutations related to targeted therapies are identified by genomic analysis like high-throughput molecular profiling. In this study, we develop a deep-learning model to predict the genetic mutations and biological pathway activities directly from WSIs. Our study offers unique insights into WSI visual interactions between mutation and its related pathway, enabling a head-to-head comparison to reinforce our major findings. Using the histopathology images from the Genomic Data Commons Database, our model can predict the point mutations of six important genes (AUC 0.68-0.85) and copy number alteration of another six genes (AUC 0.69-0.79). Additionally, the trained models can predict the activities of three out of ten canonical pathways (AUC 0.65-0.79). Next, we visualized the weight maps of tumor tiles in WSI to understand the decision-making process of deep-learning models via a self-attention mechanism. We further validated our models on liver and lung cancers that are related to metastatic breast cancer. Our results provide insights into the association between pathological image features, molecular outcomes, and targeted therapies for breast cancer patients.

Journal Article Dr. Li Reaches Pittsburgh Get access Ralph E. Cleland Ralph E. Cleland Indiana Unviersity Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 42, Issue 3, May 1951, Page 116, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106177 Published: 01 May 1951

Journal Article HUGO DE VRIES 1848—1935 Get access RALPH E. CLELAND RALPH E. CLELAND Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 26, Issue 8, August 1935, Pages 289–297, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a104103 Published: 01 August 1935

Physiology of the Cell Get access A TEXTBOOK OF EXPERIMENTAL CYTOLOGY, by JAMES GRAY, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Lecturer in Experiment Zoology, University of Cambridge. Pp. 516. 18 Chapters, 3 Plates, 205 Figures, 75 Tables. Price $7.50. New York, The MacMillan Co. 1931. RALPH E. CLELAND RALPH E. CLELAND Goucher College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 23, Issue 6, June 1932, Pages 253–254, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103624 Published: 01 June 1932

An argument is presented in support of the hypothesis that segmental interchange or the mutual exchange of parts of non-homologous chromosomes, is responsible for the formation of circles of chromosomes found during meiosis in Oenothera. The chief points which are made are:1. There is no chromosome configuration possible to 14-chromosome Oenotheras which can not be formed in an enormous number of ways by the proper arrangement of the ends of two sets or complexes of 7 chromosomes, and the Union of these complexes in pairs.2. Even the most complicated chromosome configurations, and those involving the largest circles, could have arisen in nature by very short series of simple segmental interchanges, and it is quite easy to conceive of the origin of large circles in the course of evolution as due to such interchanges.3. It is possible an the basis of this hypothesis, using as data the facts already known regarding chromosome arrangements and linkage relations in the various species and hybrids, to predict what the chromosome arrangement must be in certain hybrid combinations. In all, it has been possible so far to make 8 predictions. Three of these have not as yet been tested, but in the other 5 Gases the predictions have agreed with the facts. It has further been shown that the pure-ly mathematical odds against success in prediction in the degree which has attended this effort are more than 375, 000 to one. The fact that, in a number of hybrids at least, the only chromosome configuration possible an the basis of segmental interchange is the configuration actually found; as well as the fast that no Gases have been found in which the configuration present is theoretically impossible an the basis of segmental interchange, suggests most strongly that segmental interchange is at the basis of circle formation. Detailed reasoning is presented in the rase of each predietion.Finally, certain seeming difficulties in the way of the hypothesis are discussed, and are found to be in all probability more apparent than real. All indications at present point toward the probability that segmental interchange is responsible for the end to end Union of chromosomes in meiosis in Oenothera.

Journal Article Making the Most of the Microscope Get access Ralph E. Cleland Ralph E. Cleland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 20, Issue 7, July 1929, Pages 349–350, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a103219 Published: 01 July 1929