The processes of the structure formation in Ti-V binary nanoparticles and the factors influencing the crystallization process are discussed. The objects of study were Ti-V binary nanoparticles containing N=200, 400, 800, 1520, 3000, and 5000 atoms with various compositions. The computer experiment was conducted using the molecular dynamics method. Interatomic interactions were described using the tight-binding potential. Based on a series of computer experiments, it was determined that the crystallization process of Ti-V binary nanoparticles is significantly dependent on both their size and component ratio. As the size of the nanoparticles increases, the crystallization temperature rises, and the component ratio has a substantial influence on the formation of crystalline phases. The lowest crystallization temperatures were observed at titanium-to-vanadium ratios of 25-75% and 50-50%. Larger nanoparticles also exhibit pronounced phase segregation, with FCC and HCP phases dominating depending on the titanium-to- vanadium ratio. The observed tendency to form a multilayered onion-like structure indicates a more complex structure formation process than surface segregation.

The article is devoted to the study of stability of ternary Cu-Fe-Ni nanoparticles (consisting of 5400 atoms) with a core-shell structure and its relationship with the surface segregation. The main focus is on modeling their structural formation using the LAMMPS software. The authors test the hypothesis that stability of nanoparticles depends on the spontaneous segregation of one of the components to the surface. Three configurations with different atomic distributions (configuration Cu 45 Fe 45 Ni 10 with random distribution of atoms, as well as configurations - Cu 25 Fe 25 @ Ni 50 and Fe 25 Ni 25 @Cu 50 ) are considered, and numerical modeling is performed for each of them using molecular dynamics methods and applying the tight-binding and embedded atom method potentials. The analysis showed that copper tends to segregate to the surface, while nickel concentrates in the core, significantly affecting mechanical properties of the nanoparticles. Patterns of the defect formation and their impact on the strength of nanostructures were identified. The article emphasizes that the correct choice of shell and core can both stabilize and destabilize the nanoparticles, providing prospects for the practical application of these materials.

The processes of structure formation in Co-Au and Ti-V metal nanoparticles as well as factors affecting the crystallization process are considered. The objects of the study were Co-Au and Ti-V binary nanoparticles containing N = 400, 800, 1520 and 5000 atoms with the equiatomic composition. The computer experiment was carried out using method of molecular dynamics. The interatomic interaction was described by the tight-binding potential. According to the results of a series of computer experiments, it was found that the main factors influencing the possibility of obtaining crystalline phases are: the cooling rate of binary nanoparticles, their size and the size mismatch of atoms included in the composition, as well as the nature of the interaction of metal atoms. The manifestation of stability/instability in binary nanoparticles may be due to patterns of formation of crystalline phases. Moreover, the tendency to segregate one of the components in a binary system may not be the main factor determining the stability/instability of such a system.

Работа посвящена обоснованию и дальнейшему развитию подхода к анализу мезоскопической и интегральной структуры бинарных металлических наночастиц по радиальным распределениям локальной плотности компонентов. В качестве примера рассмотрены распределения локальной плотности Ni и Al, полученные с использованием результатов молекулярно-динамического моделирования бинарных наночастиц Ni-Al с исходным однородным распределением компонентов и икосаэдрических наноструктур ядро-оболочка Ni@Al. Оба паттерна демонстрируют сегрегацию атомов Al в ходе релаксации и последующей закалки исходных конфигураций, содержащих 5000 атомов в соотношении 1:1 (радиус наночастиц 3 нм). В процессе закалки температура наночастиц уменьшалась от 1000 К до 0,01 К с низкой для атомистического моделирования скоростью охлаждения. Экспериментально бинарные наночастицы Ni-Al радиуса порядка 100 нм (76Ni:24Al ат.%) были синтезированы методом электровзрыва проволок. Представлены и проанализированы экспериментальные распределения интенсивностей, полученных по данным энергодисперсионного анализа при воздействии электронного пучка. Эти распределения в большей степени соответствуют начальным конфигурациям в молекулярно-динамических экспериментах, т.е., очевидно, являются неравновесными. Вместе с тем, сделан вывод, что и конечные молекулярно-динамические конфигурации также не являются в полной степени равновесными. The paper is devoted to the substantiation and further development of the approach to the analysis of the mesoscopic and integral structure of binary metal nanoparticles from the radial distributions of the local density of the components. As an example, the local density distributions of Ni and Al obtained using the results of molecular dynamics modeling of binary Ni-Al nanoparticles with an initial uniform distribution of components and Ni@Al core-shell icosahedral nanostructures are considered. Both patterns demonstrate the surface segregation of Al atoms during relaxation and subsequent quenching of the initial configurations containing 5000 atoms in 1:1 ratio (nanoparticle radius 3 nm). During cooling, the temperature of the nanoparticles decreased from 1000 K to 0,01 K with a low for atomistic simulation cooling rate. Experimentally binary Ni-Al nanoparticles with a radius of about 100 nm (76Ni:24Al at.%) were synthesized by the wire electric explosion. The experimental intensity distributions obtained from the data of energy-dispersive analysis under the action of an electron beam are presented and analyzed. These distributions correspond to a greater extent to the initial configurations in our molecular dynamics experiments, i.e., they are obviously nonequilibrium. At the same time, it was concluded that the final molecular dynamic configurations are also not entirely equilibrium.

Two basic alternative atomistic simulation methods (molecular dynamics and Monte-Carlo) have been used to reproduce the dealloying phenomenon in Cu-Pt nanoalloys. Using the Gupta (tight-binding) potential, we simulated nanoparticles consisting initially of 1500 Cu and 1500 Pt atoms. The involved programs propose search and following removing Cu atoms with the lowest specific binding energies. We have found that as a result of dealloying the particle surface layer is really enriched with Pt atoms. However the particle core keeps in general the structure of the initial nanoalloy. This effect is especially noticeable in molecular dynamics simulation. We have also established that dealloying results in formation of a defected particle structure (vacancies, first of all). Presumably, just such an effect yields the porous structure of bigger Cu-Pt particles in laboratory experiments on dealloying.

На примере двух биметаллических наночастиц Cu - Pt и Au - Ag исследуется внутренняя структура и внешняя поверхность в процессе избирательной коррозии. Рассматриваются эквиатомные составы с общим числом атомов N = 3000. В процессе избирательной коррозии удалялась половина атомов меди и серебра соответственно. В качестве метода моделирования используется метод Монте-Карло, в рамках схемы Метрополиса. Межатомное взаимодействие описывается потенциалом сильной связи. Как и следовало ожидать, избирательная коррозия приводит к тому, что поверхностный слой частицы обогащается атомами одного из компонентов. Однако сердцевина частицы сохраняет структуру бинарного наносплава. Нами также установлено, что в результате избирательной коррозии формируется дефектная структура наночастицы. Соответственно, мы предполагаем, что именно эти дефекты (преимущественно вакансии) приводят к пористой структуре более крупных бинарных наночастиц, наблюдаемых в экспериментах по их избирательной коррозии. Изменение величины удельной поверхности на единицу объема либо веса влияет на адсорбционные и каталитические свойства, а также коррозионную стойкость биметаллических наночастиц. Exemplifying on two bimetallic nanoparticles Cu -Pt and Au - Ag, the internal structure and external surface has been investigated in the process of dealloying. Equiatomic compositions with the total number of atoms N = 3000 are considered. In the dealloying process half of both the copper and silver atoms were removed. The Monte Carlo method within the Metropolis scheme is used as a simulation method. The interatomic interaction was described by the tight-binding potential. As it was expected, the selective corrosion leads to the fact that the surface layer of the particle is enriched with one of the components atoms. However, the particle core retains the structure of the binary nanoalloy. We also found that as a result of the selective corrosion, a defective structure of the nanoparticle is formed. Accordingly, we assume that it is these defects (mainly vacancies) that lead to the porous structure of larger binary nanoparticles observed in experiments on the dealloying. A change in the specific surface area per unit volume or weight affects the adsorption and catalytic properties, as well as the corrosion resistance of bimetallic nanoparticles.