Development of photosensitizers (PSs) featuring type-I reactive oxygen species (ROS) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties is a judicious approach to overcome the deficit of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, it remains a challenge to design AIE-active type-I ROS PSs using a simple theranostic scaffold paired with a delicate balance between intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) features to facilitate intersystem crossing (ISC) and hence to intensify triplet excitons for type-I ROS generation as well as to improve optical properties for the desired biomedical applications. In this work, a rationally designed series of PSs based on C-6-substituted tetraphenylethylene-fused benzothiazole-coumarin scaffolds, named TPE-nCUMs, were synthesized via a fused-ring-electron-acceptor (FREA) strategy, endowed with AIE properties in aqueous solution and thus self-monitoring type-I ROS generation under white-light irradiation to study the effects of diverse ICT and SOC potentials on their photochemical and optical properties. Both experimental and theoretical results revealed that the concomitantly increasing strengths of both ICT and SOC features promote type-I ROS generation by TPE-nCUMs. The key role of the SOC-promoting carbonyl group towards the ROS generation ability of TPE-nCUMs was then examined. Among TPE-nCUMs, gem-2OMe-TPE-2CUM displayed highly efficient type-I ROS generation. Importantly, gem-OMe-TPE-1CUM acts as a fluorescent indicator in HeLa cells (in vitro), revealing its excellent diffusion capability in both lysosomal and mitochondrial organelles with low dark toxicity, high cytotoxicity under white-light and remarkable PDT efficiency. Our study has thus elucidated a rationally designed strategy at the molecular level to fine-tune ICT and SOC features for the advance of AIE-active type-I ROS PSs, opening a new avenue for cancer treatment and image-guided therapy.

Abstract Introduction/Objective Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare sarcoma with characteristic EWSR1::CREB3L1 fusion and MUC4 positivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC). SEF most often presents as a primary soft tissue tumor in the lower extremities. Histologically, SEF is characterized by cords, nests or sheets of monotonous, epithelioid tumor cells in a dense collagenous background. We report a case of SEF in an atypical location with unique histological and atypical cytogenetic findings. Methods/Case Report A 13-year-old male presented with left leg and back pain. A CT scan demonstrated a 7.3 x 5.7 x 6.8 cm left hemiabdomen mesenteric mass with metastatic nodules in the pancreas, liver, L1 vertebrae and sacrum. Sacral biopsy demonstrated infiltrative and discohesive nests of small to medium round cells with scant eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm but without conspicuous tumor stroma. An extensive IHC panel was positive only for CD99. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated an unusual finding with a variant pattern. FISH revealed an EWSR1 rearrangement with an unidentified partner. The tumor karyotype was normal in the dividing cells utilized for chromosome analysis, suggesting the rearrangement was enriched in the non-dividing cell population. Next- generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a EWSR1::CREB3L1 fusion that was confirmed by FISH, and MUC4 was positive by IHC, further supporting classification as SEF. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Due to the atypical presentation and histologic appearance of this rare sarcoma, integration of IHC, FISH, and NGS were required to fully characterize the lesion.

A judicious strategy was utilized to envision the substantial regio-positional effects of substituents on the photophysical properties of the 2H-chromen-2-one-3-benzothiazole scaffold-based push-pull framework, named 6-X-CUMs. Among them, 6-NEt2-CUM reveals prominent excited-state intramolecular charge transfer with a large change of dipole moment (Δμ ∼ 18.23 D), hence displaying remarkable emission solvatochromism from the green (536 nm in cyclohexane) to far-red region (714 nm in dimethyl sulfoxide) and a high-temperature sensitivity (-0.23 nm °C-1). These, together with unique basicity and acido-/vaporchromism upon acidification elucidated by NMR and photospectroscopic studies, show stark contrast to the conventional 7-NEt2-CUM. The new series of these tailored 6-X-CUMs represents a new dimension in tailoring the photophysical properties for the development of a promising class of multistimuli-responsive materials.

The Cluster Frontline Demonstration are important tool in transfer of latest technologies with the objective of convincing farmers and extension functionaries together about the production potentialities of production technologies for further wide scale diffusion. Under these demonstrations, extension scientists arrange ideal farming conditions at farmers’ fields demonstrating package and practices at their field by adopting improved varieties, balanced fertilization on the basis of soil test and scientific management of pests and diseases. Under this, necessary and critical inputs are also provided. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bilaspur conducted 71 number of Cluster Front line Demonstrations (CFLDs) on black gram crop during kharif 2015 and 2016 on an area of 24 hectares at farmers fields. There was a wide yield gap between the potential and demonstration grain yields in black gram crop mainly due to technology and extension gaps. The study on black gram crop indicated that increase in grain yield over farmers practice was 48.4 and 78.4 percent, respectively, during these two years. It was further observed that in terms of economics, black gram crop recorded higher net returns per hectare compared to farmer’s practice during all the years. The benefit cost ratio was 1.8 and 2.7, respectively, during kharif 2015and 2016 in demonstration plots of black gram. The percent technology index varied from 31.8 to 60.0 percent indicating urgent need to motivate the farmers to adopt economical viable technologies for increasing production, productivity and profitability of pulse crops.

Rice-Wheat cropping system pre-dominated in the India covering an area of about 10.5 million hectare. Adverse effect of continuous puddling in rice field forced scientists to search for other methods of rice establishment like direct seeding; machines transplanted and dry seeding with ZT machine and wheat by zero tillage etc. In a 3‐year study, we assessed the effects of crop establishment methods in participatory mode on farmers’ field through on farm on productivity and profitability in a rice–wheat (RW) system at Basti, Siddharthnagar and Gorakhpur district of U.P. Result of the study revealed that rice sown with drum seeder in puddled condition gave highest grain yield among the rice establishment methods tested. Rice sowing with drum seeder yield was increased 4.1, 11.4 and 25.6 % over farmer practice in Basti, Siddharthnagar and Gorakhpur locations, respectively. Wheat planted in Rice (UPMTP) Wheat (ZT) gave 4.6 tha -1 grain yields than FP. Zero tillage wheat sown obtained 10.4, 13.5 and 12.5 % higher yield over the farmers practice in Basti, Siddharthnagar and Gorakhpur locations. Treatment unpuddled mechanical transplanted rice and zero tillage wheat recorded highest rice equivalent yield 9.9 t ha -1 yr -1 . Treatments rice (DSR) – wheat (ZT) followed by rice (DMS) –wheat (ZT) and rice (UPMTP) –wheat (ZT) obtained higher net return and B: C ratio. However, compared with traditional practice of cultivation farmers much convinced with rice sown either dry direct seeded or mechanical transplanted drum seeding and wheat by zero tillage technology, especially in terms of independency of agricultural labourers, yield potential and benefit-cost ratio. Results from this study revealed that conventionally tilled (CT) and transplanting of rice could be successfully replaced by adoption of the profitable DSR wheat ZT in –rice-wheat system. K e y w o r d s Crop establishment methods, Drum seeder, Zero tillage, Profitability, RiceWheat system Accepted: 04 May 2019 Available Online: 10 June 2019 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(6): 259-268 260 Introduction Rice and wheat are staple food crops of the world cultivated on an area around 370.4 m ha. A large proportion of world population relies on rice and wheat for daily caloric intake, income and employment. Rice-wheat cropping system is one of the major cropping systems in South Asia and is practiced in 14 million hectares area (Singh et al., 2010) providing food for more than 400 million people. The rice–wheat production systems are fundamental to employment, income, and livelihoods for hundreds of millions of rural and urban population of South Asia (Saharawat et al., 2010). This system covers about 10.5 million hectares in India contributes 26% of total cereal production, 60% of total calorie intake and about 40% of the country’s total food basket (Sharma et al., 2015). In India rice occupies nearly 44.1 million hectares area, 105.5 million tonnes total production with a productivity of 2291 kgha -1 productivity for the year 2014-15 (Anonymous, 2016). Rice is the most important staple food in Asia, where more than 90% of the world‟s rice is grown and consumed. Tillage is one of the basic inputs of crop production, actually tillage alters the rhizosphere environment by modifying most of the physical properties of the soil, viz. bulk density and soil strength, hydraulic conductivity and aggregates stability, infiltration rate and porosity due to formation, destruction and rearrangement of soil particles and aggregates and alternation in clod size distribution (Kurothe et al., 2014). In the conventional systems involving intensive tillage, there is gradual decline in soil organic matter by quicker oxidation and burning of crop residues causing pollution, greenhouse gases emission, and loss of valuable plant nutrients. However, the extent of the impacts of tillage is variable depending upon the inherent soil characteristics and climatic conditions. Puddling effects adversely on soilphysical condition for establishment and raising the succeeding crops (Bhatt et al., 2015). This practice is water, capital and energy intensive, and deteriorates soil health (Das et al., 2014). Puddling leads to the formation of a hard-pan at shallow depths deteriorates soil physical properties and delays planting of a succeeding wheat crop. Timely planting of wheat is crucial as yield reductions of 1–1.5% per day occur for each day after the optimum sowing date, November 15 in the IGP (Jat et al., 2009). Therefore, it is imperative that alternate method of growing crops that are more water efficient and less labour intensive to be developed to enable farmers to produce more with less cost of production. Huge labours are needed to accomplish transplanting of rice seedlings and mostly it is delayed to a greater extent due to unavailability of adequate labours during transplanting peak. Thus, late planted rice takes more time to reach the maturity, which not only reduces the rice yield but also delays sowing of succeeding crop particularly wheat but direct seeding of rice can reduce the labour and water requirement, shorten the duration of crop by 7-10 days and provide comparable yield with transplanted rice (Mishra et al., 2012). In plains of Eastern India, sowing of wheat gets delayed due to wet condition after rice harvesting which takes much time to come in working condition, also tillage in such soils require more time, labour and energy. On the other hand, zero tillage minimizes loss on account of delayed sowing as it advances the wheat sowing by 10-15 days and also saves the time and cost involved in field preparation. Conventional methods of wheat sowing, which requires excessive tillage delays the sowing and reduce the yield, but the same can be accomplished efficiently with use of Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(6): 259-268 261 improved machines, viz. zero till ferti-seed drill and rotavator etc. to save the time, fuel, energy and cost (Bohra and Kumar, 2015). Therefore, the present investigation was envisaged with an objective to identify a suitable combination of crop establishment method for maximum productivity and profitability from rice –wheat cropping system. Materials and Methods Experimental site A farmers’ participatory field experiment was established in the year 2015 at Siddharthnagar, Gorakhpur and Basti districts of Uttar Pradesh under Narendra Dev University of Agriculture & Technology, Ayodhya, with rice (Oryza sativa L.)–Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system. The region has a semi-arid to sub-humid climate with an average annual temperature of 19.3 0 C.The highest mean monthly temperature (40.7 0 C) is recorded in May, and the lowest mean monthly temperature (4.5 0 C) is recorded in January. The average annual rainfall is about 1050 to 1080 mm of which around 87% is acknowledged for the duration of monsoon period. Remaining 13% rainfall is received during the non-monsoon period in the wake of western disturbances and thunder storms. The experimental soils sandy loam/ loam in texture having pH (7.80-8.60), EC (0.16-0.38dSm -1 ), organic carbon (0.27 -0.29 %), available N (102-252 kg/ha), available P2O5 (10.0-26.5 kgha -1 ) available K (110-265 kgha -1 ), available S (10.3-23.5 kgha -1 ), DTPAextractable Zn (0.46-.62 mgkg -1 ), Fe (2.906.25 mgkg -1 ), Mn (3.44-8.60 mgkg -1 ) and Cu (0.65-1.58 mgkg -1 ) and available B (0.20-0.32 mgkg -1 ). Experimental design and management A comprehensive description of unlike tillage systems is essential to compare effect of tillage on environmental concert (Derpsch et al., 2014). The experiment was laid out in farmers’ participatory mode and farmer is treated as replication. The experimental design was randomized block design keeping five crop establishment methods viz.,T1= manual transplanted ricewheat conventional practices (CTPR) –(CSW) FP;T2= puddled direct wet seeded rice by drum seeder—wheat zero tillage (PDSR)-(ZTW); T3= unpuddled direct seeded rice by zero till cum ferti seed drill – wheat zero tillage (DSR)-(ZTW); T4=unpuddled rice transplanted by machine – wheat zero tillage (UMTPR)(ZTW) and T5= unpuddled rice transplanted by machine– wheat roto till (UMTPR) – (RTW). A uniform dose of 150 kg N, 60 kg P2O5, 40 kg K2O and 5 kg Zn ha -1 was applied for rice and wheat crops in all the treatments through urea (46 % N), DAP (18% N and 46% P2O5), muriate of potash (60 % K2O) and ZnSO4 respectively. Half of total nitrogen and full dose of P2O5, K2O and Zn were applied to rice crop as basal (sowing/transplanting) and remaining half dose of nitrogen in the form of urea was top dressed in two equal splits, at active tillering and panicle initiation stage, respectively. Rice variety NDR 3112 and wheat variety HD 2967 was used for sowing / transplanting with recommended seed rate. Rice was transplanted on June 20 th to 27 th and wheat was sown on November 15 th to 20 th during experimentation. The herbicide glyphosate (1 kg ha -1 ) was applied in zero-till treatments before the seeding to knock down the weeds, pendimethalin 1kg ha -1 (preemergent) fb bispyribac 25g ha -1 at 20 DAS/DAT were applied by using knap sack sprayer with flat fan nozzle for weed control in rice and for wheat, Sulfosulfuran 33g + 20g/ha metsulfuron was applied at 30 DAS. The crop was harvested at maturity stage. First, the border rows were harvested and separated. Later, crop from net plot was harvested and sun dried. The harvested material from each net plot was carefully Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(6): 259-268 262 bundled, tagged and brought to the threshing floor separately. Threshing was done plot wise and grains were cleaned, dried and weighed separately for each net plot and computed in terms of kg ha -1 at 14% moisture level. The straw yield was also recorded plot wise after sun drying and computed to kg ha 1 .Test weight (g) of 1000-seeds from each plot was recorded. The economics are calculated viz. Gross and

The aim of this research is to construct a Bayesian belief network (BBN) model, which encompasses all the risk factors relevant to the Indian automotive sector that can give a fair, empirical idea as to how much the risk factors drive down the gross turnover of the industry. The BBN model is used to gauge business, economic and external risks and evaluate its impact on gross turnover of the industry. Empirical model draws a lot of implications to streamline the risk effects in the industry, but it clearly shows that the three factors - business risks, economic risks and external risks are not entirely independent and are positively correlated with each other. Bayesian networks provide a very useful risk assessment tool that takes into account the advantages of both quantitative and qualitative risk assessment methods. This is a novel, empirical effort to provide a generalised model to integrate all risks - domestic, global, economic, legal - relevant to the automotive industry.

Smart Grid (SG) is the next generation power grid which provides flexibility, reliability, and efficiency in generating, controlling, and distributing the electricity. The SG provides two-way communication between supplier and consumers and sensitive information is communicated on the network. The attackers try to steal this information to attack the grids and consumers for their benefits. Some of the most popular smart grid attacks are the key-based attack, data-based attack, impersonation-based attack, physical based attack. To overcome these issues, the cryptography algorithms and steganography algorithms are used. The cryptography algorithms are scrambled the message and transform into another form. The cryptography algorithms are categorized into two types. These are an asymmetric and asymmetric cipher. In the symmetric cipher same key is used for encryption/ decryption purposes. The symmetric cipher is further divided into types known as a block cipher and stream cipher. In the block cipher, the message is divided into fixed chucks and the same key, rounds are applied on each chuck. In the stream cipher, the plaintext and key bitwise XOR operation are performed. On the other hand, in asymmetric algorithms, two different keys are known as the public and the private key is used for encryption/ decryption purposes. In this thesis, a two-layer security algorithm is designed using lightweight cryptography and steganography algorithm which provide confidentiality as well as authentication. In which three algorithms are hybrid which includes PICO, Genetic Algorithm, and LSB algorithm. Initially, the secret data is encrypted using a lightweight PICO algorithm and initialization vector key is generated using a lightweight genetic algorithm. Further, the encrypted data is hidden in the image using the LSB algorithm. The proposed technique simulation results show that the proposed technique consume less memory, provide high avalanche effect and embedding capacity.

Miliary tuberculosis (TB) due to the widespread dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains rare, occurring in less than 1-2% of cases, and is usually associated with risk factors including female gender, extremes of age, immunosuppressed states, poor socioeconomic status and alcoholism. Delay in diagnosis or treatment of TB has been associated with poor maternal and fetal outcomes such as anemia, preeclampsia, pneumonia, preterm labor, congenital infection and intra-uterine death. We described a case of miliary TB in pregnancy presenting as prolonged fever with a negative workup showing the challenges in diagnosing miliary TB antenatally, as manifestations can be non-specific and investigation results are inconclusive. This case emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary team, especially of obstetricians with expertise in high-risk pregnancies, infectious diseases, rheumatologists and neonatologists. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2019;8(4):114-117 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jcgo591

This pilot study examined the use of early HbA1c in screening for gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Singapore. One hundred and fifty-one pregnant women with a gestational age of under 14 weeks had an HbA1c test measured with their antenatal bloods prior to a second trimester oral glucose tolerance test. Patient characteristics and pregnancy outcome data were collected. Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence was 11%. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed an HbA1c level of 5.2% (33 mmol/mol), had an 82% sensitivity, 72% specificity, 97% negative predictive value and 27% positive predictive value to predict gestational diabetes mellitus. Women with HbA1c of 5.2% (33 mmol/mol) or over 5.2% (33 mmol/mol) were older, had higher BMI and were less likely to be Chinese than those with HbA1c less than 5.2% (33 mmol/mol). There was no difference in pregnancy outcomes. Early HbA1c less than 5.2% (33 mmol/mol) may be useful to exclude low-risk Singaporean women from further testing, while those with HbA1c of 5.2% (33 mmol/mol) or greater would still need a oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 28 weeks' gestation.

The aim of this research paper is to develop a cost model that incorporates the minor cost factors that are often ignored while making major sourcing decisions. Literature review and excerpts have been studied in detail showing the progress in research over the years. An appropriate methodology was designed to do so. Several subjective factors were also quantified in order to calculate the costs. The DEA approach was used to calculate the weighted sums of inputs and outputs and hence the efficiency rate. Based on the rate, the beneficial supplier was chosen. The company allocated 200 million INR for outsourcing. The method figured out that even with the best choice being selected, approx 112 million INR would actually be consumed, taking into account many factors. A well developed approach and strategy for offshoring greatly affects the total cost of outsourcing.

Vitamin D plays a key role in calcium homeostasis. The active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25OH2D), and the inactive metabolite, 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D (24,25OH2D), are respectively synthesized from 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) by cytochrome P450 enzymes, 1-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase. Deficiency in 24-hydroxylase caused by pathogenic CYP24A1 gene mutations abrogates 24,25OH2D synthesis, leading to hypercalcemia and predisposing patients to hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. An inappropriately high (>80) 25OHD/24,25OH2D ratio (r25/24) determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been suggested to serve as a rapid biochemical screen for 24-hydroxylase deficiency, which can precede availability of genetic testing results by weeks (Molin et al, 2015, JCEM). Conversely, normal 24-hydroxylase activity has been described in conjunction with r25/24<80. However, the evidence of correlation between r25/24 and CYP24A1 genotype has been largely limited to familial studies or case reports. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the r25/24 determined in a clinical laboratory setting and CYP24A1 genotype to better define the ratio that is a reliable surrogate for 24-hydroxylase deficiency. Total 25OHD and total 24,25OH2D concentrations were measured in patient sera (n = 97) by LC-MS/MS using previously reported methods (Netzel et al, 2011, Clinical Chemistry; Ketha et al, 2016, Clinical Chemistry). DNA was purified from residual sera using QIAamp circulating nucleic acid extraction kit (Qiagen). The mutation status of 11 exons and 3’-UTR region of the CYP24A1 gene was evaluated with Sanger sequencing using BigDye Terminator (ABI BigDyeTerminator TM v1.1). Sequencing traces were analyzed manually with Mutation Surveyor software. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for reported CYP24A1 genotypes and associated 25OHD/24,25OH2D ratios. Of the 97 patient sera, 22 (23%) had an r25/24>80. Among the 23 sera with CYP24A1 genotyping, 18 (78%) had r25/24 >80, and five (22%) had r25/24 <80. Eight unique pathogenic variations were found across six of 11 exons, with mutations on exons 2 and 9 being most common, in line with previous reports. Cases with r25/24 >80 (range 103–700) were found to harbor two pathogenic mutations (n = 10), homozygous mutations (n = 1), heterozygous mutations (n = 4), and no pathogenic mutations (n = 3). The average 24,25OHD2D concentrations and r25/24 in patients with at least two pathogenic variants were 0.2 ng/mL (IQR 0.1–0.3) and 287 (IQR 159–357). All other patients had significantly higher 24,25OH2D concentrations (2.3 ng/mL [IQR 1.2–3.8]), and significantly lower r25/24 (14 [IQR 10–21]) (P values < .001, Mann Whitney U test), respectively. Specimens with r25/24 <80 were found to harbor heterozygous pathogenic mutations (n = 3), or no pathogenic variants (n = 2). The relationship between r25/24 and CYP24A1 genotype is complex and multifactorial. Two pathogenic mutations were found in 61% of patients with elevated r25/24 (>103), supporting 24-hydroxylase deficiency diagnosis.

AIM:This study was conducted to demonstrate the acaricide efficacy of novel indigenous veterinary medication shared by an outstanding knowledge holder against naturally infested cattle and efforts in mainstreaming such wisdom.MATERIALS AND METHODS:An indigenous herbal medication in control of tick infestation was documented, and experimentation was held against naturally affected cattle. Eighteen clinically infested cattle population comprising 16 crossbred and 2 non-descript cattle were purposively selected. Majority of them were adult females, reported with a higher incidence of tick at Veterinary institution. The average pre-treatment tick count at 24 sites of observations among these animals was 18.91±2.04 (Mean [x̄]±standard error [SE]). The medication was topically applied once daily for 2 days and post-treatment observations were recorded for an experimental period of 14 days' duration.RESULTS:During 24-h post-treatment observation, the medication had shown 92.95% acaricidal property with clinically irrelevant rate of tick infestation of 1.33±0.39 (x̄ ±SE) was noticed before application of subsequent (second) dosage. This practice was found significantly effective at 5% level of significance (t0.05, 23=9.08) illustrating faster relief to livestock. Animals were treated with herbal medication as per dosage on the second day and no reinfestation was noticed up to 14 days of experimental observation.CONCLUSION:The study strengthens the belief that indigenous herbal acaricide can facilitate quality livestock service at geographically distant locations. These medications can provide quicker relief, minimize tick resistance and are favorable to the environment.

To recover the degrade image restoration is a need. There are different formats for pixel noise like salt & pepper, Gaussian noise, etc, which cause the image degradation and may become the main reason to miss the pixel regions during capturing, transmissions, processing, etc. So for better processing, these missing pixel must be restored, in this process single pixel, multiple pixel (spatial) models are used for the restoration of the missing or bad pixels. In this paper, the proposed model is designed for the recovery of the pixel by using adaptive methods and the image is enhanced by using an automatic enhancement technique. The proposed model has been analyzed with the improved results in context with the existing models, which shows the robustness of the proposed model.

Purpose - Strategic sourcing and supply risk management have become interesting topics of research in the recent years. Automotive industry experts are increasingly focussing on improving the supply efficiency and performance towards gaining sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to classify, through an exhaustive review of past literature, the various enablers and barriers of strategic sourcing risk management (SSRM) and use them to identify the problems in the automobile sector. Design/methodology/approach - For the purpose of this research, responses were collected through structured questionnaire from respondents belonging to senior management cadre in the industry. Factor analysis and force field analysis tools have been used for analysis. Findings - Through independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA), four SSRM enablers, namely, supplier risk assessment, data sharing in supply network, partnership with supplier and supply flexibility, were identified. Similarly EFA revealed four SSRM barriers, namely, cost focus, ad hoc or poor planning, data security/privy breaches and hard visualization of SSRM benefits. Through a force field analysis, it was found out that the barriers had a higher impact on the SSRM initiatives than enablers. Practical implications - The research suggests the ways how managers can reduce the impact of barriers and increase the enabling forces. Originality/value - This paper enumerates the barriers and enablers together on the same platform to prioritize and evolve strategies to overpower the barriers and strengthen the enablers.