AIM: To assess qualitative and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) factors that can help distinguish leiomyosarcoma (LMS) from benign degenerative leiomyoma (BDL) and leiomyoma variants (LV) and assess the interobserver agreement for the proposed quantitative factors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all histopathology proven cases of LV, BDL, and LMS with a preoperative MRI was performed. Twenty-seven cases were included (five LMS, three LV, and 19 BDL) with each case independently read by a pair of radiologists. Lesion size, margins, presence or absence of degeneration, necrosis, and haemorrhage were assessed on MRI along with quantitative factors such as mean T2-weighted (W) and T1W signal in-tensity, T1W signal heterogeneity, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ratios as well as dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) characteristics along with the presence or absence of lymphadenopathy and extra-uterine and peritoneal spread. Mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and frequency with percentages for qualitative variables were assessed. RESULTS: Infiltrative margins were seen exclusively in the LMS group (n=1), with the remaining LMS cases showing lobulate or rounded smooth margins similar to BDL or LV. A high T2W signal <25% was seen exclusively in the BDL group (n=8). The presence of concomitant necrosis and haemorrhage was seen exclusively in the LMS group (n=2). Quantitative MRI had good inter-reader correlation but was not significantly different between the LMS, BDL, and LV groups.CONCLUSION: LMS, BDL, and LV may have overlapping features on multiparametric MRI making differentiation difficult.(c) 2022 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A microstrip patch antenna is considered the most suitable radiating and receiving element for millimeter-wave application due to its low cost, simple construction, low weight, and ease with which it is integrated into the circuits. In this paper, we have reported the effects of different symmetric shaped slots on millimeter-wave patch antenna design and its performance at 10 GHz frequency in the X band (8-12 GHZ). The rectangular, circular, and elliptical slots area is kept constant at 11.2 mm2. The radius of circular and spherical slots is the same. High-frequency simulation software (HFSS) simulation results in parameters like S11 (reflection coefficient), Y-parameter (driving point admittance), Radiation Pattern, 3D Polar plot and illustrate that the results are in good agreement with the desired value. A rectangular slot is found to achieve the target resonance frequency with a low voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) towards a ‘good match.’ Circular, spherical, and elliptical-shaped slots have high VSWR values, indicating a larger degree of mismatch. Surprisingly, results are obtained for the spherical-shaped slot, implying that the antenna will work at the target resonance frequency and has a Dual-Resonance. The proposed antenna design is suitable for 5G device applications in the X band.

Phytoplasmas are phytopathogenic prokaryotes without a cell wall and inhabit phloem sieve elements in infected plants belongs to class mollicutes. Phytoplasma diseases are increasingly important worldwide, with a high economic impact on crop production and quality, causing losses of millions of dollars in several economic fields and horticultural crops that affect their market values. The plants infected with phytoplasmas are of major concern as they are easily vectored by insects and very difficult to manage once established. The remedial measures advocated so far focused mostly on vector management and prophylactic measures rather than curative measures. Prevention of the infection through control of insect vectors is the most probable solution available. Once the plant is infected, it is difficult to target the pathogen and control it as it spreads through vegetative propagation. The successful elimination of phytoplasma from infected plants by the use of tetracycline derivatives in various crops. The use of plant growth regulators, especially auxins in different combinations, have shown a reduction in phytoplasma induced symptoms on plants. A revival of symptoms in infected plants by use of plant immunity activators like benzothiadiazole, acibenzolar methyl, etc., has been observed in fruit trees from abroad.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies are new technologies with new complicated features emerging quickly. Technology adoption has been beneficial for many general models. The models help in train the voice user-interface assistance (Alexa, Cortona, Siri). Voice assistants are easy to use, and thus millions of devices incorporate them in households nowadays. The primary purpose of the sign language translator prototype is to reduce interaction barriers between deaf and mute. To overcome this problem, we have proposed a prototype. It is named sign language translator with Sign Recognition Intelligence which takes the user input in sign language and processes it, and returns the output in voice out load to the end-user.

Electrical and electronic waste commonly known as e-waste is now one of the world's major concerns. Industries have been so diligent and successful in recent years. The sales and trend of electronic goods have increased rapidly in the world. But with the increase in the manufacturing of electrical and electronic goods and their trend, the result has been somehow leading us to the concern of e-waste. The obsolescence of electrical and electronics goods has become a huge drawback in the field technology because it is measured that various techniques have been used to solve this issue regarding the e-waste produced by industries but none of the solutions to recycle was very effective in the favors of nature and biodiversity. This research paper aims to particularize highlight and determine, the major concern, the effect of e-waste on environment and health.

Postharvest diseases of vegetables may be incited by pre- or postinfection by number of pathogens and cause greater losses. Postharvest diseases are mainly incited by bacteria and fungi, which developed on vegetables between harvesting and consumption. During the last two decades, huge information and advances concerning the selection of antagonist, mode of action, different approaches to enhance biocontrol activity, formulation, and production have been achieved. A few biofungicides are available in the market that are commercially utilized by growers. Other promising biological control measures that include the resistance are available, which can be used in combination with biotic antagonists to enhance a greater stability and effectiveness than the approach of utilizing single microbial biocontrol agents. Microbial antagonists are applied either pre- or postharvest, but postharvest applications are more effective than pre harvest applications. Mixed cultures of the microbial antagonists appear to provide better control of postharvest diseases over individual cultures or strains. Similarly, the effectiveness of the microbial antagonist(s) can be enhanced if they are used with low doses of fungicides, salt additives, radioactive, and physical treatments like hot water dips, irradiation with ultraviolet light, and so on. At the international level, different microbial antagonists like Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn 458and Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Saccharomyces cerevisiae are being used. Biocontrol products like Aspire, BioSave, Shemer, and so on have also been developed and registered.

Mixed dithiolato alkylene dithiophosphate derivatives of arsenic(III) and antimony(III) with the general formula[GRAPHICS](where, G = -CH2C(CH3)(2)CH2-; -CH2C(C2H5)(2)CH2-)have been synthesized for the first time by the replacement reactions of ethane-1,2-dithiolatoarsenic(III) chloride, ethane-1,2-dithiolatoantimony(III) chloride, toluene-3,4-dithiolatoantimony(III) chloride, respectively with sodium alkylenedithiophosphates in equimolar ratios in benzene. These new compounds are soluble in common organic solvents like benzene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. These have been characterised by elemental analysis, melting points as well as spectroscopic (IR and H-1. C-13 and P-31 NMR) studies and probable structures have been proposed.

Displacement reactions of chlorobismuth(III) bis(dialkyldithiophosphates) with potassium alkyldithiocarbonates (alkylxanthates) in stoichiometric ratios in benzene/carbondisulfide yield bismuth(lll) bis(dialkyldithiophosphate) alkylxanthates of the general formula [(RO)(2)PS2](2)BiS2CORI (where, R = i-Pr and i-Bu; R-I = Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu and i-Bu). These yellow crystalline solid derivatives have been characterized by elemental analyses, melting point determinations as well as IR and NMR (H-1 and P-31) spectral studies.

Displacement reactions of toluene-3.4-dithiolatoantimony(III) chloride with sodium diorganodithiophosphates in 1:1 molar ratios in anhydrous benzene yield mixed toluene-3,4dithiolatoantimony(III) diorganodithiophosphates of the type I. 1 SC6H3(CH3)SSbS2P(OR)(2) (where R = Pr-n, Pr-i, Bu-n and Bu-i). These derivatives have been characterised by elemental analysis (C, H, Sb and S), as well as IR, NMR (H-1 and P-31) spectral studies.

Abstract Displacement reactions of chloroantimony(III) bis(dialkyl dithiocarbamates) with sodium dialkyl dithiophosphates in stoichiometric ratios in anhydrous benzene yielded mixed bis(dialky1 dithiocarbamate) dialkyl dithiophosphates of antimony(III) of the type (XCS2)2SbS2P(OR)2 (where, X = N(CH3)2, N(C2H5)2, N(CH2)4; R = n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu and i-Bu). These derivatives are yellow crystalline solids which are soluble in common organic solvents like benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride etc. Spectroscopic studies (IR, 1H and 31P NMR) indicate the bidentate behaviour of both the dithiocarbamate and dithiophosphate moieties of these complexes.

Mixed dithiolatoarsenic (III) alkyldithiocarbonate and dialkyldithiocarbamate derivatives of the type SCH2CH2SAs(S2COR), [where R = Et, Prn, Pri, Bun & Bui] and SCH2CH2SAs(S2CX), [where X = NMe2, NEt2 and N(CH2CH2)2] are reported. These are synthesised by the simple replacement reactions of 2-chloro-1,3-dithia-2-arsacyclopentane with potassium alkylxanthate and with sodium dialkyldithiocarbamate in 1:1 molar ratios in benzene respectively. These derivatives have been characterised by elemental analyses, melting point determinations as well as IR & NMR (1H and 13C) spectral studies and tentative structures have been proposed.

The inheritance of seed storability in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was studied in two crosses, Bragg X T-49 and Kalitur X Alankar. Among the parental cultivars, Kalitur and T-49 (both indigenous strains) had better storability than Bragg and Alankar. None of the parental strains was hard seeded. Fifty seeds from individual plants of parents, F1, F2 and F3 were aged by keeping them at 40°C and 100% RH for 96 h. Aged seeds were subjected to a laboratory germination test to evaluate seed storability. Crossed and selfed seeds of a Bragg X T-49 cross were also evaluated for seed storability to find out the maternal influence. The results showed primarily a maternal influence on the seed storability and, therefore, segregation for this trait was delayed for one generation. Seed genotype had little effect on seed storability. Seeds from F1 plants showed better storability indicating the dominance of better storability over poor storability. Segregation patterns for F2 and F3 (bulk) generations of 3:1 and 5:3 (superior versus poor storability respectively), suggested that as few as one major gene may control seed storability. The back-cross breeding procedure can be used to transfer the high storability trait of indigenous strains to other high yielding American yellow soybeans such as Bragg, Hardee, Lee etc., and this will lead to better prospects for soybean cultivation in the tropics.

AbstractThe numerical response of the predator Coccinella septempunctata shows that the individual predation rate (prey is mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysim) of the grubs decreases with increase of its density. The interference [mutual interference constant (m) = 0.62] between grubs at higher densities was suggested as a cause for this behavioural response and was explained by applying the population model of HASSELL and VARLEY. The data also furnish an insight into the number of predators needed to regulate the estimated prey population and 1: 50 ratio of predator to prey for the immediate release of C. septempunctata was recommended against L. erysimi.ZusammenfassungDichtereaktionen und Jagdareal von Coccinella septempunctata L.Die numerische Reaktion des Prädators C. septempunctata zeigte, daß die individuelle Prädationsquote (Beute: Senfblattlaus, Lipaphis erysimi) der Käferlarven mit der Dichte anstieg. Die Beziehungen (Beziehungskonstante m = 0,62) zwischen den Larven bei höherer Dichte wurden als Ursache für diese Reaktion angesehen und unter Anwendung des Populationsmodells von HASSELL und VARLEY näher betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse ergaben auch einen Einblick in die Zahl der Prädatoren, welche notwendig sind, die geschätzte Beute‐Population zu reduzieren. Hierfür wird eine Freilassungsquote von 1 C. septempunctata auf 50 L. erysimi‐Individuen empfohlen.

AbstractThe functional response of the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae shows a sigmoid relationship between the number of eggs laid and the host density. This relationship is described by an exponential equationY = K (10)C/a + x2which indicates that within 30 min of exposure period, in an area of ca 175 cm2, the number of eggs laid by the parasitoid cannot exceed 44. This type of functional response is considered to be a most stabilising one. At higher host densities (≥ 25) the parasitoid approaches the host more quickly and stays on the leaf of the host‐plant longer than at low densities (≤ 25). The number of antennal encounters and prickings by the parasitoid increases with increase in host number. The parasitoid tends to leave an area where she has already parasitoidised more of the hosts.ZusammenfassungFunktionelle Reaktion von Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) (Hym., Aphidiidae), einem Parasitoiden der Senfblattlaus Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Hom., Aphididae)Die funktionelle Reaktion von D. rapae zeigte eine sigmoide Beziehung zwischen der Zahl abgelegter Eier und der Wirtsdichte. Diese Beziehung wird durch die ExponentialgleichungY = K (10)C/a + x2beschrieben, welche besagt, daß innerhalb einer 30minütigen Expositionsperiode in einem Areal von ca. 175 cm2, die Zahl der vom Parasitoiden abgelegten Eier nicht höher als 44 sein kann. Dieser Typ einer funktionellen Reaktion ist als sich stabilisierender Faktor anzusehen. Bei höheren Wirtsdichten (≥ 25) erreicht der Parasitoid den Wirt schneller und bleibt länger auf dem Blatt der Wirtspflanze als bei niedrigerer Wirtsdichte. Die Zahl der Fühlerschläge und der Einstiche des Parasitoiden steigt mit der Zahl der Wirte. Der Parasitoid zeigt die Tendenz, ein Areal zu verlassen, wenn dort bereits zahlreiche Wirte parasitiert sind.