Olive mill waste water (OMWW) collected from an olive mill in El Maghara station, Desert Research Center, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt was fermented solely with one of each highly active phenol degrading bacteria namely Enterobacter asburiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The fermented OMWW with E. asburiae or Ps.aeruginosa has a high level of total nitrogen, soluble nutrients (nitrogen and potassium), and low COD, BOD and phenol contentcompared to the unfermented one.Remarkable increases in different microbial counts were detected in the fermented end product than the unfermented one.A field experiment was conducted at Banger El-Sokkar area, Alexandria desert road, Egypt, using sorghum as the task crop to evaluate the fermented OMWW as biofertilizer.The results indicated that the individual addition of the fermented OMWW using Ps.aeruginosa or E. asburiae as soil drench recorded the highest figures of plant height, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, leaf area index and seed weight compared with control.Application of fermented OMWW also, had a great positive effect on the productivity of sorghum compared to control.Microbiological analysis of rhizosphere soil indicated a remarkable increase in the total microbial counts, nitrogen fixer's counts and Pseudomonas spp.counts in plots treated only with the fermented OMWW either with E.

Sixty Fusarium isolates were selected from different isolation sources and screened for their ability to produce anthraquinones; seventeen of which showed high or a moderate ability to produce anthraquinones. Selected Fusarium isolates were screened for Fusaric acid production to exclude toxin-synthesis isolates. F. arthosporoides and F. verticellioides showed the highest anthraquinones production since their production yields were 649.1 and 275.7 μg/g; respectively. The anthraquinones derivatives produced by selected Fusarium strains were characterized by HPLC and GC-MS. The optimization of fermentation conditions for F. arthosporoides revealed that the maximum anthraquinones titer was achieved at 10 days of incubation period, pH 6.5 and 30C and under shaking and light conditions. For F. verticellioides, the highest anthraquinones yield was accomplished after the same incubation period at pH 6.0, 25C and under static and dark conditions. Results evaluated the positive effect of ionizing (gamma) and nonionizing (UV) irradiations on the anthraquinones production by F. verticellioides since 0.25 kGy and 50 J/m enhanced the anthraquinone yield by nearly 30%. The antimicrobial and dyeing properties of the produced anthraquinone are also studied. The present study succeeded to reduce the cost of anthraquinones production by using kitchen garbage.

Mineral selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient of great importance to biology of human. Cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in molasses medium with different concentrations of selenium showed that the contents of organic selenium in the cells, increased with the increase in selenium concentration up to 2μg/ml followed by a gradual decrease after 24h of incubation. No clear inhibition effect on growth or gassing power of cells was observed at all concentrations of selenium. The bioavailability of selenium (Se) in Se-yeast was evaluated by measuring Se accumulation and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Pxe) activity. For 6weeks, Sprague-Dawley rats experiments were subjected to a Se-yeast with a graded levels (0.9, 1.8, 3.2 and 3.6μgSe/100gBW/day). The results did not show any influence on kidney function (CK), liver function (AST, ALT, ALK, protein and albumin) and glucose in serum as well as histopathology studies. Content of Se and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Pxe) activity in erythrocytes increased gradually with increase in supplemented Se. It could be recommended to use the selenium yeast (high quality baker’s yeast containing selenium) in baking process to control the selenium level in the final product as a source of antioxidant substance for protection from different diseases instead of using selenium drugs.

The present work aimed to evaluate the antiviral and anticancer potentials of reusable orange albedo extract (OAlbE) and grape seed extract (GSE) wastes. Results revealed that the IC50 values of OAlb M/E and GSE M/E extracts with MCF-7 cell lines were 184439, 48108, 344,11.68 µgm / ml and was 6016 µgm / ml for SGSE 24 hrs post treatment respectively while the IC50 values of the extracts with Caco-2 cell lines were 23708, 14107, 1158,15607 µgm / ml and was 430 µgm / ml for SGSE 24 hrs post treatment, respectively . The SGSE was of a higher potential toxicity to experimental extracted one. Antiviral activity of E/M OAlbE and GSE showed the same antiviral potential against RVFV recording 0.51 log (10) / 0.1 ml ; (6.58%) and 1 log (10) / 0.1 ml (12.9%) respectively. While the antiviral potential against HAV revealed that OAlbE/M and GSME showed low potential against HAV recording 0.26 log (10) /0.1 ml. On the contrary both O-AlbE and GSME showed no antiviral potentials compared with Standard IFN (5 IU/ml) recorded a depletion of viral infectivity titers recording 3.25 log (10) / 0.1 ml (41.93%) and 3 log (10) /0.1 ml (40%) for RVFV and HAV respectively. Also, anticancer potentials was proved as there was a remarkable BCL-2 , P53 and Bax genes expression compared with control respectively. It can be concluded that both E/M OAlb and GSE are promising antiviral and anticancer agents. More intensified investigations must be conducted to maximize the biological potentials of both extracts. A higher level of characterization of extract contents must be achieved and evaluated for targeting the most promising fraction has both bioactivities considered

Densities of microbial count in the rhizosphere of eleven medicinal plants viz., Ocimum basilicum, Marrubium vulgare, Melissa officinals, Origanum syriacum, Quisqualis indica, Solidago virgaurea, Melilotus officinalis, Cymbopogon citratus, Matricaria chamomilla, Thymus vulgaris and Majorana hortensis were determined. The lowest populations were found in the rhizosphere of M. chamomilla and M. hortensis. A total of 112 bacterial cultures were successfully isolated in pure form from the rhizosphere of the tested medicinal plants. Cultural and morphological characteristics of these isolates showed that they belong to bacilli, azotobacter, fluorescent pseudomonads and actinomycetes. These isolates were screened, in vitro, according to their capacities to produce plant growth promoting substance i.e. IAA, phosphate, potassium solubilization, chitinase activities and hydrogen cyanide. Results indicated that 36 bacterial isolates showed IAA production, 25 HCN production, 57 chitinase activities, 39 phosphate and 105 potassium solubilizers. Eleven bacterial isolates were selected which showed highest plant growth promoting activities and further subjected to estimate siderophores and phenols produced in liquid culture along with antifungal activity against two phytopathogenic fungi. The most potent isolates were identified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence as Bacillus thuringiensis C110, Pseudomonas fluorescens Th98 and Pseudomonas poae Th75. Their amounts of soluble phosphate in liquid culture were 2.2, 4.62 and 14.53ppm in respective order. The indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and trans-zeatin riboside (t-zr) produced by the identified strains were determined by HPLC analysis. These strains proved to be effective PGPR inoculants, as they possess a number of traits useful for plant growth.

Microbial deterioration of archeological marble was studied on samples taken from three locations in Cairo, Egypt; Mohamed Ali palace, El-Ghory Mosque and Mosque of El-Kady Abdel-Baset. Sampling resulted in 110 microbial isolates, identified as eight fungal genera, three bacterial genera, one actinomycetes genus and six algae. Isolated strains were all identified up to species. The inhibitory effect of five antimicrobial agents at various concentrations was investigated against the growth and development of these microbial isolates. Sodium azide at 100ppm was found to be the best treatment for both fungal and bacterial isolates. Colored spots, caused by microbial growth, were treated by different synthetic and natural chemical substances. Results showed also that microbial enzymes produced by Aspergillus flavus isolate was the best decolorization treatment.

This study was designed to evaluate selected chemical and microbiological treatments for the conversion of certain local agro-industrial wastes (rice straw, corn stalks, sawdust, sugar beet waste and sugarcane bagasse) to ethanol. The chemical composition of these feedstocks was determined. Conversion of wastes to free sugars by acid hydrolysis varied from one treatment to another. In single-stage dilute acid hydrolysis, increasing acid concentration from 1 % (v/v) to 5 % (v/v) decreased the conversion percentage of almost all treated agro-industrial wastes. Lower conversion percentages for some treatments were obtained when increasing the residence time from 90 to 120 min. The two-stage dilute acid hydrolysis by phosphoric acid (1.0 % v/v) followed by sulphuric acid (1.0 % v/v) resulted in the highest conversion percentage (41.3 % w/w) on treated sugar beet waste. This treatment when neutralized, amended with some nutrients and inoculated with baker's yeast, achieved the highest ethanol concentration (1.0 % v/v). Formation of furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were functions of type of acid hydrolysis, acid concentration, residence time and feedstock type. The highest bioconversion of 5 % wastes (37.8 % w/w) was recorded on sugar beet waste by Trichoderma viride EMCC 107. This treatment when followed by baker's yeast fermentation, 0.41 % (v/v) ethanol and 8.2 % (v/w) conversion coefficient were obtained.

Twelve soil samples of the rhizosphere of some selected plants and soil apart were analyzed for the number of VAM spores and infection levels. All tested plants are considered to be mycorrhizal plants. Onion, maize and millet gave the highest number of spores while tomato and peanut showed the lowest numbers. The root infection levels highly varied from one site to another. Onion, maize, alfalfa and millet roots exhibited a high infection level.Glomus fasciculatum represented 46.43% of the total number of selected spores.Glomus mosseae, Glomus sp and Sclerocysts were also found in different soil samples. Soil samples of the rhizosphere of onion, maize and millet gave the highest infection levels, reaching their peaks after 60 days of cultivation.

Recherche des conditions optimales de la biosynthese de cette enzyme et notamment essai d'utilisation de sous-produits de l'industrie egyptienne (lactoserum, melasses, eaux residuaires d'amidonnerie, son de ble)

AbstractThree Saccharomyces strains were compared with commercial pressed yeast using the following criteria: rate of growth, crude protein, percentage of trehalose and glycogen, mannan plus glucan. Results proved that Sacch. cerevisiae 14 had better characteristic aspects than the other tested organisms. Its biomass reached 567 mg dried cells/100 ml culture, with the specific growth rate of 0.026. As a function of 120 h of incubation, Sacch. cerevisiae 14 showed the highest trehalose and glycogen, mannan plus glucan content being 21.1 mg/ 100 mg dried cells. On the other hand, the highest growth densities were obtained at 81 mg of O2/(600 ml culture. min). Thus, the highest trehalose and glycogen, mannan plus glucan contents were obtained at 81 mg O2/(600 ml medium. min) and 189 mg O2/(600 ml medium. min)

The effect of seed inoculation withAzotobacter spp. orAzospirillum spp., and garbage amendment (0.5%), on the growth of wheat was studied in a field experiment under sub-tropical conditions. Two levels of N fertilizer were applied, the usual field rate (150 kg N ha−1) and half this amount. Tillering of plants, dry matter contents and nitrogenase activity were determined 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. At the end of the experimental period, spore numbers and percentage of mycorrhizal infection were observed in the rhizosphere and root systems of plants. Straw and grain yields were also determined. The results of this study showed that seed inoculation and/or organic amendment stimulated plant growth, nitrogenase activity and mycorrhizal infection. This was more noticeable withAzotobacter than withAzospirillum. Inoculation withAzotobacter together with 1/2 N dose and organic amendment was the most effective application (19.75 and 10.70 t ha−1 were recorded for straw and grain yield, respectively).

Proprietes biochimiques et biosynthese de cette enzyme par Kluyveromyces lactis NRRL-1118 cultivee sur lactoserum additionne de NaCl, provenant de fromageries. Cette β-galactosidase est thermolabile et a une activite maximale a 40 degres C. Elle est activee par les ions manganese

Total microbial flora, as well as some of the important microbial groups were determined in soil and rhizosphere of both common bean and tomato plants at different stages of growth. The accumulation of some important biological substances in root zone was also interpreted. The total microbial flora in general decreased slightly during the growth season in both soil and rhizosphere region. The R/S ratios were positive and ranged from 5 to 20 depending on plant species and ages. There was a distinct relation between the stages of plant development and the densities of total microbial flora, actinomycetes, nitrogen fixing Clostridia, sporeformers, aerobic and anaerobic cellulose decomposers. Densities of aerobic nitrogen fixers (Azotobacter) and fungi seemed to be constant in their low count in the rhizosphere regions during the growth season. The rhizosphere soil was characterised by a higher quantitative content of organic acids and amino acids as compared with the non-rhizosphere soil.