OBJECTIVE:To determine whether dietary fatty acids affect indicators of insulin sensitivity, plasma insulin and lipid concentrations, and lipid accumulation in muscle cells in lean and obese cats.ANIMALS:28 neutered adult cats.PROCEDURE:IV glucose tolerance tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed before (lean phase) and after 21 weeks of ad libitum intake of either a diet high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (3-PUFAs; n = 14) or high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 14).RESULTS:Compared with the lean phase, ad libitum food intake resulted in increased weight, body mass index, girth, and percentage fat in both groups. Baseline plasma glucose or insulin concentrations and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were unaffected by diet. Insulin AUC values for obese and lean cats fed 3-PUFAs did not differ, but values were higher in obese cats fed SFAs, compared with values for lean cats fed SFAs and obese cats fed 3-PUFAs. Nineteen cats that became glucose intolerant when obese had altered insulin secretion and decreased glucose clearance when lean. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by diet. Ad libitum intake of either diet resulted in an increase in both intra- and extramyocellular lipid. Obese cats fed SFAs had higher glycosylated hemoglobin concentration than obese cats fed 3-PUFAs.CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:In obese cats, a diet high in 3-PUFAs appeared to improve long-term glucose control and decrease plasma insulin concentration. Obesity resulted in intra- and extramyocellular lipid accumulations (regardless of diet) that likely modulate insulin sensitivity.

The solid-state deuterium NMR spectrum of free radical polymerized (50-degrees-C) PVC-d3 has been obtained at 46 MHz as a function of temperature. The spectrum at room temperature displays the full static quadrupolar powder pattern. At 140-degrees-C, about 50-degrees-C above T(g), the spectrum consists of a motionally narrowed line from the amorphous PVC phase centering a weak quadrupolar powder pattern with almost full splitting. The powder-pattern portion of this latter spectrum is attributed to the crystallinity present in the sample at that temperature. The syndiotacticity (0.57) and crystallinity of the PVC-d3 are higher than values reported for typical commercial PVCs. The amount of crystallinity was estimated by line shape simulation of the crystalline pattern to be 18.7% at 140-degrees-C. By combining this result with DSC data on the same sample, we calculate the heat of melting of 100% crystalline PVC to be 74 kJ/kg. In contrast to the 50-degrees-C polymerized PVC-d3, no narrow component or amorphous phase is observed at 140-degrees-C for a deuterated PVC prepared in urea-canal complex at -78-degrees-C, a result which is consistent with the DSC curve that shows no T(g) up to 220-degrees-C.

AbstractDas aus dem Osazon (I) entstehende Glucoson (II) reagiert mit dem Ketal (III) zu dem Imidazol (IV), dessen Deblockierung die im Titel genannte Verbindung (V) liefert.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazole: detection in commercial Caramel Color III and preparation by a model browning reactionU. Kroeplien, J. Rosdorfer, J. Van der Greef, Robert C. Long Jr., and J. H. GoldsteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 7, 1131–1133Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00207a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00207a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 16, Issue 35 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: 2-ACETYL-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-TETRAHYDROXYBUTYL)IMIDAZOLE: DETECTION IN COMMERCIAL CARAMEL COLOR III AND PREPARATION BY A MODEL BROWNING REACTION U. + KROEPLIEN, U. + KROEPLIENSearch for more papers by this authorJ. ROSDORFER, J. ROSDORFERSearch for more papers by this authorJ. VAN DER GREEF, J. VAN DER GREEFSearch for more papers by this authorR. C. JUN. LONG, R. C. JUN. LONGSearch for more papers by this authorJ. H. GOLDSTEIN, J. H. GOLDSTEINSearch for more papers by this author U. + KROEPLIEN, U. + KROEPLIENSearch for more papers by this authorJ. ROSDORFER, J. ROSDORFERSearch for more papers by this authorJ. VAN DER GREEF, J. VAN DER GREEFSearch for more papers by this authorR. C. JUN. LONG, R. C. JUN. LONGSearch for more papers by this authorJ. H. GOLDSTEIN, J. H. GOLDSTEINSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 3, 1985 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198535180AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume16, Issue35September 3, 1985 RelatedInformation

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-acetyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)imidazoleJames G. Sweeny, Edith Ricks, Maria C. Estrada-Valdes, Guillermo A. Iacobucci, and Robert C. Long Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 7, 1133–1134Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00207a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00207a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

Alkyl-lysophospholipids are analogues of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine which have been reported to have selective antitumor activity. A survey of the in vitro activity of racemic 1-octadecyl-2-methoxy-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine on in vitro clonogenicity in soft agar and tritiated thymidine incorporation was conducted on bone marrow specimens from a series of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and hematologically normal individuals. A dose- and time-dependent inhibition of colony formation and thymidine incorporation was observed in the normal and leukemic specimens. No selective effect of the compound could be demonstrated under the conditions employed in these studies.

Part of the cytotoxic action of alkyl-lysophospholipids (ALP) on leukemic cells is known to result from the lack of an O-alkyl cleavage enzyme and its antimetabolic effect which results in a toxic lysophospholipid buildup. Further, ALP (5 micrograms/ml) suppresses clonogenicity and tritiated thymidine uptake in HL60 cultures after 24 hr of exposure. The effect of ALP on two leukemic cell lines, HL60 and K562, measured by two nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and examined by electron microscopy is reported. 31P-NMR spectroscopy indicates that the adenosine 5'-triphosphate:adenosine 5'-diphosphate ratios are unaffected after 24 hr, as is mitochondrial morphology, judging by electron micrographs. However, cell membrane integrity in HL60 is altered at that time. The earliest ALP effects occur in NMR internal water relaxation at 1 hr after ALP exposure, followed by a small reduction in tritiated thymidine uptake at 4 hr. No effect is observed in K562 cell cultures in morphology or NMR measurements. No new 31P-labeled metabolites were detected in either cell line as a result of drug treatment.

AbstractThe application of NMR spectroscopy in oriented media to the determination of molecular geometries is illustrated by results for three distinctly different molecules: naphthalene, ethylene oxide and spiropentane. The need for systematic application of vibrational corrections is emphasized and some of the effects associated with the different choices of solvent media are considered.

The previously reported structures of the difluorobenzenes obtained from partially oriented NMR spectra have been corrected for harmonic vibrational motions. Possible effects arising from pseudo-dipolar couplings have also been investigated. The vibrationally corrected structures are frequently outside of the experimental errors of the uncorrected structures. The vibrational corrections are found to decrease the range in the distance ratios resulting from the use of various solvent systems.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance of oriented fluorobenzene in a nematic potassium laurate mesophase. Distance ratios and order tensor elementsR. C. Long Jr., E. E. Babcock, and J. H. GoldsteinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 9, 1165–1170Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150609a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j150609a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts

The hydrogen magnetic resonance spectrum of naphthalene has been obtained in an orienting lyotropic liquid crystal solvent based on potassium laurate, and the results of the spectral analysis were used to calculate the proton geometry of the molecule. Vibrational corrections based on a full normal coordinate treatment have been applied to the structure and the effect of different weighting schemes has been investigated. The results are compared with those obtained in thermotropic media and by other structural methods.

Proton distance ratios and elements of the order tensor are obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of chloro-, bromo-, and iodobenzene partially oriented in a potassium laurate lyotropic mesophase. Corrections for harmonic vibrations are applied and it is shown that even for proton distance ratios these corrections are significant. Furthermore, the effects of solvent on the ratios determined are comparable to the effect of the substituent. Particular attention to weighting of the dipolar coupling in the structural analysis is necessary if values are to be judged significant to 1 part in 104. The elements of the order tensor are discussed in terms of the orienting influence of the interface and alkyl chains of the mesophase surfactant.

Proton distance ratios and elements of the order tensor are obtained in this study from the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 6 para-substituted phenols and 4 monosubstituted benzenes partially oriented in a potassium laurate lyotropic mesophase. Comparison of the structural parameters of aniline and benzonitrile with complete microwave substitution structures shows that the distance ratios are in agreement within 0.7%. The effect of the substituent on ring proton geometry is small. The orientational probability functions are derived and discussed in terms of the orienting influence of the interface and the molecular order of the alkyl chains of the mesophase surfactant. The most probable orientation of the long-axis of the surfactant and the C2v axis coincide for the entire group of molecules. The effect of ionization of the phenolic group is a critical parameter influencing the order elements. Furthermore, those substituents with hydrogens capable of hydrogen bonding are more ordered.

AbstractProton‐proton distance ratios and order parameters for partially oriented p‐cresol in a lyotropic mesophase derived from potassium laurate are obtained. The order parameters are the largest yet found for an ordered solute in a nematic‐like lyotropic system. The dipolar couplings and structural data were independent of the rotational potential from 0–200 cal mol−1.

AbstractProton distance ratios for pyridine, benzonitrile and 4‐cyanopyridine have been obtained in a potassium laurate lyotropic mesophase and compare favorably with values for different thermotropic solvents. Order matrices indicate a preference for the C2v symmetry axis of the molecules to be aligned along the optical axis of the mesophase.

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of 4-methylpyridine oriented in the lyotropic mesophase derived from potassium laurate have been recorded and analyzed. The structure of the proton skeleton of the molecule was calculated using a free-rotation model for the methyl group, with the ring-proton arrangement being very similar to the corresponding protons of pyridine. The calculated spectral and orientational parameters indicate a degree of ordering comparable to those observed for similar molecules in thermotropic studies.

A method has been developed and applied to sodium methylphosphonate for determining the values of J HX from the temperature dependence of the anisotropic motion of the solute. The method reduces the uncertainty of D HX due to solvent effects on J HX. As in methyl fluoride discrepancies are observed between structural parameters calculated from different sets of observed dipolar couplings. Unlike the case of methyl fluoride, correction of the dipolar couplings for vibrations improves consistency of these values. Large correction terms found in the present molecule result from contributions of low frequency vibrations whose excited states are appreciably populated at room temperature. The structural parameters and anisotropic motion determined in a lyotropic mesophase are discussed.