Despite awareness by health-care providers that diet impacts cardiovascular health, there remains a knowledge gap in how to evaluate the impact in an objective way. This chapter discusses the use of novel and clinically relevant biomarkers to quantitatively and objectively assess cardiac risk for different dietary patterns. Data will be presented on how plant-based eating patterns that limit red meat consumption (e.g. Mediterranean diet) promote cardiovascular health and improve cardiovascular biomarkers such as LDL and HDL, Hs-CRP, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and vitamin D.

A 32-year-old woman with a history of symptomatic supraventricular tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, and hyperadrenergic POTS was treated with ivabradine and metoprolol. She then presented with bradycardia and Mobitz II second-degree AV block on event monitoring six weeks after COVID-19 infection. Her post-viral workup revealed normalization of catecholamine levels and significant symptomatic improvement in heart rate. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of improvement in POTS after COVID-19 infection. As our understanding of COVID-19 continues to improve, it will be vital to better understand the impact of COVID-19 dysautonomia on cardiac patients.