PURPOSE:The Hospital Pharmacy Section of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) revised the Basel Statements on the Future of Hospital Pharmacy to ensure they reflect contemporary challenges, advancements, and trends in hospital pharmacy practice. The process involved global pharmacy leaders, ensuring the updated statements are relevant across diverse healthcare systems. METHODS:A multiphase, evidence-driven revision process was employed, beginning with a gap analysis, document mapping, and membership survey that has been previously described. This article contains the final phase the statement update process, which included a workshop at the 81st FIP World Congress in which 92 pharmacy leaders from all World Health Organization (WHO) regions participated. Participants engaged in independent review, group discussions, and a modified Delphi process to assess consensus on the revisions. An a priori consensus threshold of 80% was set for the Delphi study. RESULTS:Workshop participants, with a mean of 17.7 (SD, 11.4) years of pharmacist experience, contributed to comprehensive revisions, including 2 new Basel Statements and the consolidation of 2 existing statements. The Delphi voting achieved consensus on all revised Basel Statements, with 100% of revisions meeting the 80% threshold. Major updates focused on medication safety leadership, workforce protection, and the integration of technology. The revisions address evolving challenges in pharmacy practice, including safety lessons, the rise of stewardship teams, advancements in informatics, and the impacts of coronavirus disease 2019. CONCLUSION:The revised Basel Statements provide an updated framework for hospital pharmacy practice. Future updates should follow similar methodology, focusing on integrating feedback and developing practical guides to improve implementation and utilization of the Basel Statements.

Background The transition of care from the hospital to the home is a period of high risk for medication-related errors. This risk is further increased in hospitals in rural and regional areas, which face unique challenges such as geographical isolation and limited access to healthcare and healthcare providers. Aim To explore the formative perspectives of key stakeholders towards the implementation of a virtual Transitions of Care Stewardship (TOCS) service to improve medication management upon discharge from rural and regional hospitals, including facilitating a home medicines review (HMR). Method An interview guide was developed using the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Key stakeholders were identified through professional networks and local healthcare providers and approached to participate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or virtually (videoconference or teleconference) with patients, pharmacists, medical practitioners, nurses and allied health professionals between August and September 2024. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and continued until data saturation was reached. Data analysis was conducted using the framework approach to identify themes. Results In total, 37 interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals and patients in rural and regional New South Wales. Three main themes were identified: (1) factors affecting service acceptability (access to primary care, older patient demographic, health literacy, cultural acceptability of First Nations Peoples); (2) utilising existing components of healthcare (virtual pharmacists in rural areas, rural HMR- credentialed pharmacists, improving utilisation of allied health assistants, strategies to improve awareness); and (3) workflow of a TOCS pharmacist (coordination of HMR referral, importance of continuity). Conclusion Overall, a medication-centred discharge service in the form of a virtual TOCS pharmacist and their facilitation of post-discharge HMRs were found to be an acceptable intervention to enhance continuity of medication management for patients discharged from hospital to home in rural and remote areas.

ABSTRACT Hospital admission is high risk for medication harm due to transfer errors, delays, and charting mistakes. Up to 70% of admission medication lists contain errors, 59% potentially harmful, highlighting the need for safety strategies. The aim of the study is to systematically review the effectiveness of strategies for medication management at hospital admission. Following PRISMA guideline, three databases were searched for RCTs. Subgroup analyses assessed outcomes including mortality, readmissions/Emergency Department (ED) visits, length of stay (LOS), medication errors, and adverse drug events (ADEs), with meta‐analysis where possible. Nineteen RCTs were included. The strategies were classified into five categories: medication reconciliation, supported medication review, collaborative model of medication review, Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting (PPMC), and real‐time health information exchange (HIE) tools. Medication reconciliation alone showed limited effectiveness in reducing medication errors and ADEs while combining with other strategies was more effective in minimizing ADEs. The meta‐analysis showed that PPMC can be considered a potential strategy to reduce medication errors and ADEs. Outcomes such as readmission, ED visits, mortality, and LOS were reported as secondary outcomes, and the strategies showed no significant effect in improving them. Overall admission strategies can reduce medication‐related outcomes such as medication errors and ADEs; however, stronger evidence is needed to confirm their impact on other outcomes. Future research should focus on integrating Clinical Decision Support (CDS) and stratification tools into electronic medical records to enhance the efficiency of these tools.

Home medicines reviews present a novel intervention supporting continuity of care between fracture liaison services and primary care. Home medicines review pharmacists deliver multifaceted, collaborative interventions that can bridge gaps in care, promote patient empowerment, facilitate a GP-patient discussion about bone health, and improve coordination of care. PURPOSE:Medication review has potential to reduce the risk of falls and fractures and improve transition of care from a specialist fracture liaison service to primary care. This study was designed to examine and evaluate the implementation of a home medicines review into fracture liaison services in Australia. Study objectives were to (1) explore how home medicines reviews might facilitate the healthcare transition from fracture liaison service to primary care and (2) identify factors required to achieve this. METHODS:This was a qualitative descriptive study nested within a randomised trial (reported elsewhere). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and healthcare practitioners responsible for providing osteoporosis services. Formative and early-stage data collection occurred September 2022 to January 2024. Thematic analysis was employed inductively (data-driven) and directed content analysis was applied deductively (theory-driven) using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) domains to frame factors affecting home medicines review implementation. RESULTS:Fifty-six interviews were performed: 25 with pharmacists, 14 with fracture liaison service clinicians, seven with GPs, and ten with patients. Participants perceived home medicines review pharmacists to be uniquely positioned to favourably influence the transition to primary care by (1) identifying gaps in care, (2) promoting patient empowerment, (3) facilitating a GP-patient discussion about bone health, and (4) improving coordination of care. Factors affecting home medicines review implementation related to CFIR domains of the individuals (patient and GP engagement and willingness to accept advice, patient preparedness, GP confidence deprescribing), the innovation (hospital endorsement of home medicines review reports, perception of intervention value, embedded administrative assistants, pharmacist expertise), the inner setting (role clarity, multidisciplinary teamwork culture, and patient-centred focus, scheduling practices, and communication systems), and outer setting (access to telehealth services, a network of mobile pharmacists, and appropriate remuneration systems). CONCLUSION:Home medicines review pharmacists delivering multifaceted, collaborative, and patient-centred interventions can support effective transition of care between fracture liaison services and primary care. Further work should test their integration into fracture liaison service models within routine care environments.

Despite high disease burden and heightened suicide risk associated with psychosis, psychosis education is lacking in healthcare curricula, potentially hindering students’ willingness, and confidence to provide psychosis care as future healthcare professionals. This study aimed to co-design and content validate psychosis care assessment material for medical, pharmacy, nursing, and occupational therapy curricula. A nominal group technique (NGT) meeting was conducted to generate and rank ideas among people with lived/living experience of mental illness. Prioritised ideas were used to create simulated role-play scenarios for each discipline, by discipline experts. The developed scenarios underwent content validation by content experts, whereby the content validity index was computed for relevance and clarity. The four highest ranked ideas based on rank scores and accumulated rank score sums were selected during the NGT meeting and used to guide the development of four role-play scenarios focusing on antipsychotic medication side effects, suicide risk, paranoia and delusions, and visual hallucinations. Discipline experts created scenario outlines and rubrics for each selected idea. Content validity indices of all items were deemed satisfactory, ranging from 0.8 to 1. Written feedback for each role-play scenario was considered and scenarios/rubrics were modified accordingly. Overall, this study provides a framework for partnering with mental health stakeholders to co-design and validate psychosis care assessment material for healthcare curricula. Through the integral contribution of people with lived/living experience and clinicians, authentic scenarios which reflect real-life practice have been developed. Future research is required to evaluate the newly developed materials in educational setting.

Background Transition of care from hospital to community is a period that carries significant risk for medication errors, potentially leading to hospital readmission, and causing financial and emotional strain on patients and caregivers. Telehealth technologies offer promising solutions to reduce hospital readmission. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review was to examine the effect of interdisciplinary telehealth post-discharge services that include a medication-focused component on hospital readmissions.Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted in five scientific databases using keywords related to hospital readmission, medication therapy, and telehealth interventions. The review focused on randomised controlled trials published between 2000 and 2023, written in English.Results Out of 1,144 papers screened, 23 were included in the review. These studies targeted telehealth service provision to people over 60 years old with chronic illnesses. Various post-discharge telehealth interventions, including medication-focused components, were examined. Most of the interventions were multifaceted, embedded medication-focused interventions with reminders for diet, exercise, symptom check-ups, and education. Among the 23 included papers, 10 studies demonstrated success in reducing readmissions. Seven of these studies targeted patients with heart failure (HF).Conclusion Overall, this review highlights the potential of telehealth medication-focused interventions in reducing hospital readmission rates in patients with HF.

Background Medication shortages are a pressing concern throughout the world. To gain insight into this issue, WHO and Health Action International (HAI) have constructed a validated method to survey medicine prices, availability, and affordability in low-income and middle-income countries. This paper aims to present an updated analysis of medicine affordability, availability, and pricing across 54 countries using the WHO-HAI method, highlighting disparities between public and private sectors. Methods A search was conducted using the HAI Essential Medicines Access Database and four electronic databases to locate studies using the WHO-HAI method. A total of 71 surveys were included, spanning 54 countries. Data concerned with availability, affordability, and pricing were extracted and synthesised. Availability was defined as the average percentage of outlets stocking a medicine on the survey day; affordability was defined as the days' wages of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker required for a standard treatment; and prices were defined as the medicine's median price relative to the Management Sciences for Health international reference median price. Results are presented for the 15 most reported medicines that were included in at least 75% of surveys. Results are also presented for four commonly used medicines selected to facilitate comparison with previous secondary analyses. Findings The average availability of generic medicines across WHO regions ranged from 378% to 683% in the public sector and from 423% to 774% in the private sector. The availability of originator brand medicines in the private sector ranged from 180% to 476% across these regions. Neither the public nor the private sector in any region met WHO's recommended availability target of 80%. Medicine prices were consistently high across all WHO regions, requiring patients to pay 30-115 times international reference prices for lowest-priced generic medicines and over 25 times international reference prices for originator products across WHO regions. Treatment of both acute and chronic illnesses remained unaffordable in many regions, requiring patients to pay 02-370 days' wages to purchase a single course of medicine. Interpretation Access to essential medicines remains a global challenge. Medicines consistently display high prices, low affordability, and poor availability. Although there have been some advancements, the overall accessibility of essential medicines remains a substantial global concern. Innovative and targeted strategies are essential to enhance access, requiring a concerted effort from governments, health-care organisations, and international bodies to implement solutions that address both economic and logistical barriers.

Background: Simulated mental health role-plays provide a safe and relevant learning experience for pharmacy students, improving confidence in and attitudes toward providing mental health support. Little research explores the use of mental health role-plays, enacted by trained actors, with pharmacists. Objectives: This study aimed to pilot the adaptation of simulated patient (SP) role-plays, from the university classroom with students, to a workshop with pharmacists, and explore pharmacists' experiences. Methods: Pharmacists attended a two-hour workshop. Trained actors enacted simulated scenarios (previously developed for pharmacy education) with pharmacist volunteers while being observed by peers, a workshop facilitator, and mental health consumer educator (MHCE). Pharmacists engaged in self-assessment immediately post-roleplay, followed by performance feedback and debrief discussions with MHCEs, workshop facilitators, and peers. Pharmacists completed pre- and post-workshop surveys exploring intended mental health support behaviours, then invited to participate in an interview exploring their workshop experiences and opinions about using mental health role-plays in clinical practice (via mystery shopping). Non-parametric tests were conducted to analyse role-play and survey scores, and thematic analyses were undertaken on interview transcripts. Results: Thirty-five pharmacists attended the workshop. Fourteen role-plays were analysed. Pharmacist self-assessment scores were significantly lower than MHCE scores (P = 0.028). Overall, the role-plays significantly increased pharmacists' intentions in supporting a person experiencing mental health crises such as suicide and psychosis, as well as encouraging other supports (P < 0.05). Four themes emerged from interviews (n = 4): realistic context for skills application and practice, benefits of observing, self-assessment and feedback, and integrating into clinical practice (via mystery shopping). Conclusion: SP role-plays of mental health symptoms and crises, enacted by trained actors, may effectively assess and enhance pharmacists' intended mental health support behaviours. It is recommended that the SP method is adapted into clinical practice, via repeated mystery shopping visits with immediate performance feedback, to shape pharmacists' mental health support behaviours. (c) 2024 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

PURPOSE:The Hospital Pharmacy Section of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) aimed to assess the relevance of the Basel Statements and identify areas for updates. The revision process involved global collaboration to ensure the statements reflect contemporary hospital pharmacy practices and emerging trends. METHODS:The revision process was conducted in multiple phases. Phase 1 included document mapping, comparing the Basel Statements (2016 revision) against key documents from FIP, WHO, and other hospital pharmacy organizations. Phase 2 conducted a gap analysis using 196 documents to identify discrepancies and outdated content. In Phase 3, a global membership survey was distributed to FIP members, national hospital pharmacy association members, and FIP member/allied organizations to assess the practical application and relevance of the Basel Statements. RESULTS:Document mapping revealed varying alignment, with WHO documents showing the lowest (12.3 %) and ASHP the highest (100 %). The gap analysis identified 107 gaps across 55 of the 65 Basel Statements, with updates addressing discrepancies, outdated content, and technological advancements. Survey responses confirmed the utility of the Basel Statements but highlighted challenges with implementation. A Net Promoter Score (NPS) of 9 indicated moderate satisfaction, with 10 % or more of respondents suggesting revisions for 54 of the 65 Basel Statements. CONCLUSION:Phases 1-3 confirm the relevance of the Basel Statements, highlighting the need for updates. These updates, informed by global feedback, will ensure the Basel Statements remain a relevant, evidence-based framework for hospital pharmacy practices.

ISSUE ADDRESSED:The growing prevalence of osteoporosis requires preventative management starting from an early age as peak bone mass is typically reached by age 30. However, current Australian adolescents are not adequately addressing key osteoprotective factors. Alarmingly, around 17% have insufficient vitamin D levels, 55% consume insufficient dietary calcium, and 79% are insufficiently active. Addressing these insufficiencies via bone health education and promoting healthier lifestyle choices are crucial to mitigate the risk of osteoporosis later in life. METHODS:A mixed methods study was undertaken to assess the design and effectiveness of four bone health education modules implemented in PDHPE lessons across NSW secondary schools. Pre- and post-module assessments included a multiple-choice questionnaire on osteoporosis knowledge, and a survey based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour domains to examine influences on healthy bone behaviour. Statistical analysis, qualitative interviews, and focus groups were used to evaluate changes in knowledge and behaviour resulting from the modules. RESULTS:Participation in bone health teaching modules improved students' knowledge and behaviours related to bone health. Subjective norms had the largest influence regarding behaviour changes. Both students and teachers engaged positively with the bone health modules, which were designed by clinicians and delivered by teachers. SO WHAT?: The modules address knowledge gaps and provide strategies from an early age, empowering students and potentially contribute to improving long term bone health. There is a need to focus on promoting positive peer influence and facilitating easy access to bone-healthy behaviours in secondary education settings.

Medication non-adherence is a global health problem affecting patients with numerous medical conditions. Training healthcare professionals (HCPs) on managing the challenging issue of medication non-adherence requires an evidence-based approach. Therefore, we aimed to describe the perspectives and experiences of adherence experts on educating HCPs about medication adherence in order to guide the content and delivery of medication adherence education to HCPs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online, face-to-face and by phone. Interviews were video or audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Data was coded line by line into the preliminary coding framework and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Fifteen adherence experts were interviewed between May 2022 and March 2023. Five major themes with subthemes were identified: enhancing awareness among HCPs, seeing life through the patient's lens, communicating to build empathy and rapport, having a structured approach to address individual patient behaviours, and delivering enriching and targeted training. Adherence experts emphasized the impact HCPs can play by regularly addressing the pervasive issue of adherence in their clinical setting. HCPs can elicit behaviour change by understanding the patient's perspective, the complexity of adherence and communicating effectively. Structured approaches include using tools, frameworks and communication methods. Continuous training that is clinically relevant and builds on existing professional expertise is required to overcome HCPs' own barriers to behaviour change. The findings of this study guide the content and delivery of medication adherence education and training to HCPs.

AIMS:Medication non-adherence is a global health problem affecting patients with numerous medical conditions. Training healthcare professionals (HCPs) on managing the challenging issue of medication non-adherence requires an evidence-based approach. Therefore, we aimed to describe the perspectives and experiences of adherence experts on educating HCPs about medication adherence in order to guide the content and delivery of medication adherence education to HCPs. METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were conducted online, face-to-face and by phone. Interviews were video or audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Data was coded line by line into the preliminary coding framework and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS:Fifteen adherence experts were interviewed between May 2022 and March 2023. Five major themes with subthemes were identified: enhancing awareness among HCPs, seeing life through the patient's lens, communicating to build empathy and rapport, having a structured approach to address individual patient behaviours, and delivering enriching and targeted training. CONCLUSIONS:Adherence experts emphasized the impact HCPs can play by regularly addressing the pervasive issue of adherence in their clinical setting. HCPs can elicit behaviour change by understanding the patient's perspective, the complexity of adherence and communicating effectively. Structured approaches include using tools, frameworks and communication methods. Continuous training that is clinically relevant and builds on existing professional expertise is required to overcome HCPs' own barriers to behaviour change. The findings of this study guide the content and delivery of medication adherence education and training to HCPs.

BACKGROUND:Interventions to reduce antibiotic use focus on general practitioners (GPs) and patient behaviour, not pharmacists, who may inadvertently drive antibiotic expectations by referrals to GPs. No data are available on pharmacist referrals for suspected antibiotic-requiring infections. We conducted a feasibility pilot to provide data for robust sample size calculation and identify areas for further exploration. METHOD:Pharmacists and GPs were recruited independently using convenience sampling. They completed prospective data collection on 20 consecutive minor ailment encounters and consultations respectively. Pharmacists recorded patient gender, age, referral reason, and any comments. GPs recorded patient age, gender, reason for visit, and origin of patient referral including self-referral. All data were analysed descriptively. Generalized estimating equation multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors that may be associated with pharmacist referral rates. RESULTS:We recruited 19 pharmacists representing 466 minor ailments encounters, and 19 GPs representing 394 consultations. Pharmacists referred 17% (77/466) of all minor ailments encounters for suspected antibiotic-requiring infections. Comments suggested reasons included upper-respiratory tract, ear nose and throat, and urinary tract infections. Most of suspected antibiotic-requiring infections referrals were to a GP (81%; 62/77). No GP consultations for infection (n = 88) were documented as being referred by a pharmacist; the majority were self-referred (77%; 68/88). DISCUSSION:Our pilot indicated that exploration of pharmacist referral for antibiotics is feasible and warranted. Future studies should quantify referral rates, reasons for referral, and observed differences between pharmacist and GP results. Our results should be used for the basis of a robust sample size calculation.

BackgroundHistorically, health research conducted in Australia with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples has not been requested by communities. Health policies cite evidence for inclusive care including cultural perspectives.AimTo determine if the design and implementation of a pharmacist-led diabetes screening study was culturally appropriate for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples admitted to a metropolitan hospital, located in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.MethodData were drawn from four components: (1) timeline and key steps to develop the study, (2) study alignment with the NSW Aboriginal health ethics guidelines: key principles, (3) elements and processes of bicultural care, and (4) the extent of community participation. Ethical approval was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW (Reference no: #1709/20) and the St Vincent's Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: #2020/ETH01314) and the study conforms to the Australian National statement on ethical conduct in human research. In the original intervention study, informed consent was obtained from all participants via distribution of a project information sheet and completion of a written consent form.ResultsThe process to design and implement the larger study demonstrated cultural appropriateness across four analyses. Strengths included involvement from knowledge holders and Aboriginal clinician-researchers. Analyses illustrated respect for community priorities as central to the research process. This required sufficient time for respectful conversations, formation of strong partnerships, and reciprocity. Future studies should ensure time is set aside to build relationships with patients in concept building and design phases. Results cannot be generalised to another hospital. However, study findings could inform diabetes care efforts in other hospital settings.ConclusionRespectful, non-rushed two-way communication was crucial to the cultural appropriateness of the study. This study offers suggestions for pharmacists wishing to conduct research in this area. Future research is needed to incorporate Indigenous research methodologies into study designs and to apply the Australian Bicultural Care model to other clinical settings.

Background Access to essential medicines is imperative for delivering effective healthcare, yet a significant proportion of the global population continues to face barriers in obtaining them. The South Pacific Region (SPR) faces unique medicine access challenges due to geographic remoteness, economic limitations, and, strained healthcare infrastructure. To gain further insight, this study aimed to assess the availability, pricing, and, affordability of essential medicines stratified by World Bank income group. Methods The WHO and Health Action International standardised methodology was employed in the public and private sectors of New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, Fiji, Vanuatu, and, the Solomon Islands between February 1st 2023 and October 1st 2023. We measured availability, median price ratio (MPR), and affordability. Data were analysed by World Bank income group. Findings Data were collected from 19 public-sector hospitals and 24 private-sector pharmacies. Lower-middle income countries (LMICs) had the lowest mean availability for both public and private sectors, while upper-middle and high-income countries (HICs) demonstrated moderate to high availability. The mean availability of lowest-priced generics (LPG) in LMICs was 59.1% in the public sector and 57.4% in the private sector, compared to 87.2% and 72.5% respectively in HICs. MPRs indicated high medicine prices across all categories. Affordability analysis revealed that medicines were unaffordable in LMICs yet affordable in UMICs and HICs. Interpretation LMICs within the South Pacific display low availability and poor affordability of essential medicines. Urgent targeted policy reform and strategic initiatives are required to ensure effective and equitable healthcare within this region. Funding This research was supported by l’Agence Française de Développement, Le Fonds Pacifique [CZZ3165ORC].

Background: Interventions to minimise community antibiotic use have focused on the GP and patient behaviour rather than the community pharmacist. Patient expectations are a known driver for antibiotic prescribing, and pharmacists may be inveterately contributing to these expectations by referring patients for GPs for suspected antibiotic-requiring infections (S-ARI). We sought to quantify these referral rates. Method: Pharmacists and GPs were recruited independently using convenience sampling and completed prospective surveys on 20 minor ailment encounters and consecutive consultations respectively. Pharmacists recorded patient gender, age, referral reason and comments (if any). GPs recorded patient age, gender, reason for visit, and origin of patient referral including self-referral. All data were analysed descriptively. Generalised estimating equations, multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors that may be associated with pharmacist referral rates. Results: Nineteen pharmacists representing 466 minor ailments encounters, and 19 GPs representing 394 consultations were recruited. Pharmacists referred 16.5% (77/466) of all minor ailments encounters for S-ARI. Comments suggested that reasons included upper-respiratory tract, ear nose and throat, and urinary tract infections. Most of S-ARI referrals were to a GP (62/466). None of the 88 consultations for infection in GP data were documented as being referred by a pharmacist; majority were self-referred (77.3%; 68/88). Discussion: Pharmacists referred 1 in 8 minor ailments encounters to the GP for S-ARI, with some indication they were for conditions that do not require antibiotics. Most GP consultations for infection were documented as self-referrals. Both provide potential points of intervention to minimise antibiotic use.### Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.### Funding StatementThis work was supported by the 2019 Bond University HSM ECR Seed Grant. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.### Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee gave ethical approval for this work (PS00123)I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.YesAll data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors.

Background: While pharmacists' roles in mental healthcare are expanding, research exploring pharmacists' acceptability and willingness to provide mental health services is limited. This study developed and validated theory-driven measures of pharmacists' acceptability and willingness to screen for perinatal depression in community pharmacy settings. Materials/Methods: Items were developed using published literature and the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA), then content validated using consensus methods with experts who completed the content validity index (CVI). The revised items were disseminated to pharmacists in Australia. Responses were analysed descriptively. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were used to explore the factorial structure and generate scales. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to explore predictors of willingness. Results: A 58-item questionnaire was developed, encompassing the 7 domains of the TFA and an eighth domain (willingness). The average CVI was 0.92, domain range (0.88-0.96). The universal CVI was 56/58. Expert feedback informed item revision, creation and deletion. Pharmacists' responses (n = 157) to the final 42- item questionnaire indicated overall acceptance and willingness to conduct PND screening. However, perceived knowledge was lacking. The EFA resulted a two- factor solution (1 = acceptance; 2 = self-efficacy). The measurement scales created had good internal consistency. In multivariate regression analysis, 'Acceptance' (Beta = 0.949 (0.760-1.103)) and 'Self-Efficacy' (Beta = 0.107 (0.036-0.174)) were significant predictors of 'Willingness' and the model predicted 77 % of the variation in 'Willingness'. Conclusions: Psychometrically-sound measures of pharmacists' acceptability and willingness to screen for PND have been developed with stakeholder input. The questionnaire can be used for standardised measurement of these constructs across studies.