Recently, the pull of urban center is snowballing, more and more people move to the urban center to earn more money than rural areas especially in developing countries. Consequently, as more people arrive at urban areas, the more pressure will be on the urban environment. Population growth, immigration, and growing environmental problems entail advanced systems for city planners to help sustainable development in these rapidly changing regions. This problem can solve using remote sensing system. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the application of remote sensing technology for urban and use and land cover change detection and disclose certain sequences in detecting urban land use change.

Most forward problems in remote sensing can be solved only using numerical methods. Correspondingly, the resulting models are by necessity numerical ones. Nevertheless, in some practical cases corresponding forward problems can be solved analytically, and resulting models become analytical. In such cases, sensitivities to discrete and continuous input parameters can be found using the conventional methods of differential and variational calculus. In this chapter we consider the sensitivity analysis of analytic models. For demonstration purposes, we first consider two simple demo models. Then a realistic model will be considered, which is actually used in practice of remote sensing of the Earth and planetary atmospheres.

This research evaluated the vertical accuracy of two lidar- derived elevation datasets acquired from two different alti- tudes over a clay-capped hazardous waste site located on the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, using the same Optech ALTM 2050 lidar sensor and Cessna 337 platform. Both missions provided adequate elevation estimates (low-altitude RMSEz � 6 cm; high-altitude RMSEz � 14 cm.) A quantitative comparison was performed to determine how decreasing platform altitude and increasing lidar posting density affected the vertical elevation accuracy. Higher posting densities did not significantly improve the vertical accuracy of lidar-derived elevation data. Conversely, acquiring the lidar-derived eleva- tion data at a lower altitude had a significant influence on the mean vertical error present in the lidar-derived elevation data. Differences in mean vertical elevation error between the low- and high-altitude lidar data collection missions were primarily due to a systematic underestimation bias present in the high- altitude lidar data.

This paper presents a summary of current selected remote sensing technology. It begins with a historical review of the basics of the discipline, and then presents and discusses current methodologies. The paper concludes with an examination of some future considerations. The material summarized in this paper, as well as more detail on all of these topics, can be found in the classic remote sensing texts by Campbell (2007), Jensen (2005, 2007) and Lillesand et al. (2008).

Timber-frame buildings in T'ang style play an important role in the Chinese architectural history. So far, however, there are only a few T'ang buildings and also a few literatures that record the arts and crafts about them. It becomes a critical task to research and protect ancient architecture by computer and information technology. As a key technology, Three-Dimensional Geographic Informa- tion System (3DGIS) is considered as a sophisticated 3D digital information system platform for the digital architectural heritage in this paper. A dynamic visualization system based on 3D GIS for T'ang timber-frame buildings is presented particularly. The design of the system framework is introduced at first. For the purpose of real-time photorealistic visualization, combination of the levels of detail (LOD) strategy and CAD data is discussed in detail; and LOD models are planned in 4 levels according to the different dis- tance from the building to the viewpoint. Then integrated database management and real-time applications are available. The data- base management engine supports the seamless integration and efficient access of digital elevation model (DEM) database, 3D city models, attribute database, and media database; especially the LOD-R-tree and dynamic data loading are designed to accelerate data access. Moreover, occlusion culling and progressive rendering are applied to data preprocess for enhancing rendering frequency. Finally, a practical application shows the feasibility of the 3DGIS-based interactive dynamic visualization system as an efficient tool for the protection and research of ancient architecture.