Healthcare is the method of keeping or enhancing physical and mental well-being with its aid of illness and injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The majority of conventional healthcare practices involve manual management and upkeep of client demographic information, case histories, diagnoses, medications, invoicing, and drug stock upkeep, which can result in human errors that have an impact on clients. By linking all the essential parameter monitoring equipment through a network with a decision-support system, digital health management based on Internet of Things (IoT) eliminates human errors and aids the doctor in making more accurate and timely diagnoses. The term "Internet of Medical Things" (IoMT) refers to medical devices that have the ability to communicate data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Meanwhile, more effective monitoring gadgets have been made due to the technology advancements, and these devices can typically record a few physiological signals simultaneously, including the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the electroglottography (EGG) signal, the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, and the electrooculogram (EOG) signal. Yet, there has not been much research on the connection between digital health management and multi-modal signal monitoring. To bridge the gap, this article reviews the latest advancements in digital health management using multi-modal signal monitoring. Specifically, three digital health processes, namely, lower-limb data collection, statistical analysis of lower-limb data, and lower-limb rehabilitation via digital health management, are covered in this article, with the aim to fully review the current application of digital health technology in lower-limb symptom recovery.

PurposeThis study aims to obtain the speed and angle during safe and comfortable standing of elderly people. With the advancement of society, it is becoming increasingly difficult for the elderly to sit-to-stand (STS) independently and comfortably in a safe and comfortable manner. Safety is essentially a prerequisite for the elderly to achieve a comfortable STS. The speed, angle and power of the STS process can all affect safe STS. From the standpoint of health-care delivery and administration, comfortable STS can be realized easily by addressing the safety issues during STS. Design/methodology/approachThis paper summarizes the research progress on speed and angle during safe and comfortable standing of older people. The authors analyzed the speed and angle of the STS using the Vicon optical gait acquisition system and plantar pressure sensor to find the appropriate angle and speed thresholds. FindingsThe center of gravity movement is a prerequisite for the elderly to achieve a comfortable STS. The authors found that the standing speed during the STS process should not be higher than 103.8 mm/s so that the elderly can stand comfortably and safely (safe and dangerous speeds are 72.8 mm/s and 125.2 mm/s). The limitations of waist angle, waist angle speed and the acceleration are also obtained. Originality/valueThis paper analyzes and summarizes the research status of speed and angle during safe and comfortable standing of elderly people, which is essentially a prerequisite for the elderly to achieve a comfortable STS. These results can lay the foundation for the development of assistive devices and related technologies that meet the needs of older adults.

With the evolution of society, the world has entered a moderate stage of aging. Not surprisingly, the aging problem in the world is getting more intense, resulting in the increasing demand for higher-quality and well-organized medical and elderly care services. To cope with that, many researchers have dedicated themselves to advancing the medical care system based on data or platforms. However, they have ignored the life cycle, health service and management and the inevitable shift of living scenarios for the elderly. Therefore, the study aims to improve health conditions and enhance senior citizens' life quality and happiness index. In this paper, we build a unified body for people in their old age, bridging the disconnection between medical care and elderly care and constructing the "five-in-one" comprehensive medical care framework. It should be mentioned that the system takes the human life cycle as its axis, relies on the supply side and supply chain management, integrates medicine, industry, literature and science as methods, and takes health service management as a requirement. Furthermore, a case study on upper limb rehabilitation is elaborated along the "five-in-one" comprehensive medical care framework to confirm the effectiveness of the novel system.

As the aging process is springing up around the whole world, the problem of sit-to-stand (STS) for the elderly has become the focal point of older people themselves, their families, and society. The key challenge in solving this problem is developing and applying the technology of auxiliary robots for standing up and auxiliary stands. The research is not only to find the appropriate fundamentals from a healthcare perspective in the center of gravity movement (COM) curve of the elderly during STS but also to meet the psychological needs of the elderly during STS in a comfortable, pleasant, and safe way. To obtain the skeleton tracking technology used in this study, we used the Vicon optical motion capture system and automatic moving target indicator (AMTI) 3-D force measuring table to obtain a COM curve of the elderly during STS. The stationary process, speed, and sitting posture analysis during STS were combined in this paper to seek a solution to the psychological needs of the elderly. The analysis is conducted with the integration of medicine, engineering, art, and science into this research. Finally, a movement curve and related dynamic parameters that can truly reflect the STS of the elderly are obtained, and the discussion is provided. The research result can provide theoretical and technical support for the later development of auxiliary robots for standing up and auxiliary stands technology products, so that the elderly can STS comfortably, happily, and safely with the assistance of human-robot interaction.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is mostly limited to hematological malignancies and has a poor effect on solid tumors. CAR T cells as a kind of immune cell may be affected by some immunomodulatory drugs such as pomalidomide, so the use of pomalidomide may improve the effect of CART cells on solid tumors. In this study, CD133-or HER2-specific CART cells were chosen to investigate whether pomalidomide can regulate the function of CAR T cells in vitro. We found that pomalidomide can significantly enhance the ability of CD133-CAR T cells and HER2-CAR T cells to kill tumor cells and increase the cytokine secretion of CD133-CAR T cells and HER2-CAR T cells. Also, pomalidomide was shown to induce down-regulation of protein levels of IL-2 transcriptional repressors Aiolos and Ikaros in CART cells. This study suggests that the combination of pomalidomide and CAR T cells may be a new strategy for the treatment of solid tumors.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy still faces the challenge of immunosuppression when treating solid tumors. TGF-β is one of the critical factors in the tumor microenvironment to help tumors escape surveillance by the immune system. Here we tried using the combination of a small molecule inhibitor of TGF-β receptor I, Galunisertib, and CAR T cells to explore whether Galunisertib could enhance CAR T cell function against solid tumor cells. In vitro experiments showed Galunisertib could significantly enhance the specific cytotoxicity of both CD133- and HER2-specific CAR T cells. However, Galunisertib had no direct killing effect on target cells. Galunisertib significantly increased the cytokine secretion of CAR T cells and T cells that do not express CAR (Nontransfected T cells). Galunisertib did not affect the proliferation of T cells, the antigen expression on target cells and CD69 on CAR T cells. We found that TGF-β was secreted by T cells themselves upon activation, and Galunisertib could reduce TGF-β signaling in CAR T cells. Our findings can provide the basis for further preclinical and clinical studies of the combination of Galunisertib and CAR T cells in the treatment of solid tumors.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy still faces many challenges in the treatment of solid tumors, one of which is T-cell dysfunction or exhaustion. Immunomodulator lenalidomide may improve CAR T-cell function. In this study, the effects of lenalidomide on CAR T-cell functions (cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and cell proliferation) were investigated. Two different CAR T cells (CD133-specific CAR and HER2-specific CAR) were prepared, and the corresponding target cells including human glioma cell line U251 CD133-OE that overexpress CD133 and human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-453 were used for functional assay. We found that lenalidomide promoted the killing of U251 CD133-OE by CD133-CAR T cells, the cytokine secretion, and the proliferation of CD133-CAR T cells. Lenalidomide also enhanced the cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-453 and the cytokine secretion of HER2-CAR T cells but did not affect their proliferation significantly. Furthermore, lenalidomide may regulate the function of CAR T cells by inducing the degradation of transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos.